history exam

African American History Final

1. Southern whites who aligned with the Republican Party in the South were called which of the

following names by southern Democrats?

A) Klansmen

B) carpetbaggers

C) scalawags

D) secessionists

2. Northern whites who migrated to the South were called which of the following names by

southern Democrats?

A) scalawags

B) freedmen

C) carpetbaggers

D) miners

3. What did white southerners mean when they said they wanted to “redeem” their states?

A) They wanted Republicans to be in power.

B) They wanted to remove all blacks to Africa.

C) They wanted to restore religious feeling and true Christianity to their state.

D) They wanted to remove blacks and Republicans from political office.

4. Why did local law enforcement fail to effectively prosecute the Klan?

A) Because no terrorist groups had existed before, there were no laws to deal with them.

B) Local law enforcement or white troops often sided with the Klan against blacks.

C) There were only a small number of Klansmen, and they remained hidden from

prosecution.

D) The Klan’s actions were almost invisible because no one reported news of the terrorism.

5. What is the connection between the Ku Klux Klan and Reconstruction?

A) The Klan played no role during Reconstruction

B) The Klan assisted local African Americans in establishing political and social rights in

several southern states.

C) The Klan promoted violence in the interest of southern Democrats who ended

Reconstruction.

D) The Klan helped to prolong Reconstruction by volunteering to staff military outposts in

rural areas of the South.

6. What is the connection during Reconstruction between the Ku Klux Klan and the Klan’s outfit of

hoods made from flour sacks and bed sheets?

A) The sheets hid the identity of the Klansmen from public knowledge.

B) The sheets emphasized the rapid movements of Klan members at night.

C) The sheets were used to warm the bodies of Klansmen who were cold at night.

D) The sheets were used to hide weapons and sacks of food used in raids.

7. Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the Civil Rights Act of 1875?

A) It eliminated all discrimination in public places on the basis of race.

B) It was championed by both Republicans and Democrats.

C) It was eventually overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court.

D) Neither house of Congress passed the measure.

African American History Final

8. To what party did most blacks remain loyal in the post-Reconstruction South?

A) Democrats

B) Populists

C) Republicans

D) Whigs

9. What were “grandfather clauses”?

A) voting restriction clauses which held that someone could vote only if his father or

grandfather had been able to vote before a certain time, usually the end of slavery

B) limitations on voting to those people who were grandfathers

C) limitations on voting to those who could prove that their grandfathers had been residents

of the state as well; because blacks moved around so much after Reconstruction, they

rarely qualified

D) a clause requiring all grandfathers to vote before their sons

10. What was the problem, in the views of many southern states, with voting laws like literacy tests,

poll taxes, and property qualifications?

A) The laws were too subtle; voting should be directly outlawed.

B) Since quite a few blacks owned property, they could still vote.

C) Since blacks could be voting registrars, they could override the tests and admit anyone.

D) The laws might possibly eliminate poor, illiterate white voters as well as black voters.

11. Where did the term “Jim Crow” originate?

A) It was a derogatory term used to refer to a black agricultural worker.

B) It was the name of a black minstrel show.

C) It was the name of a routine in a popular white minstrel show that ridiculed black people.

D) It was a reference to a hated type of bird that whites associated with black people.

12. What was the effect of the Plessy v. Ferguson decision?

A) The Supreme Court made the Tenth Amendment ineffective for blacks.

B) The Supreme Court declared that Alabama’s segregation laws were acceptable under the

Constitution.

C) It demonstrated that the highest court in the land accepted discriminatory treatment of

blacks.

D) It eliminated segregation in public facilities.

13. What do the actions of Homer Plessy tell us about black people and segregation?

A) Blacks were very afraid of the KKK during this period.

B) Blacks were testing the laws by getting arrested and trying cases in court.

C) Blacks would risk being sent to jail rather than test segregation laws.

D) Blacks would protest with outright violence and murder when provoked.

14. How did whites expect blacks to behave after the Civil War?

A) Black men were supposed to keep their hats on in the presence of a white person.

B) Black and white people could shake hands, but only if the black person looked the white

person in the eye.

C) Black men were never to look at, and certainly never to touch, white women.

D) Blacks should behave coldly in the expectation that whites would treat them with respect.

African American History Final

15. What was the stated reason given by whites for many lynchings?

A) White people were afraid of blacks gaining political power.

B) Blacks had murdered a white man.

C) A black man had raped a white woman.

D) Blacks had started some sort of violent protest.

16. If lynching victims were predominantly male, how did black women experience white-generated

violence?

A) Many were subjected to rape by white men.

B) Whites actually lynched black men and women in equal numbers.

C) Black women were always cheated out of their earnings by whites.

D) Black women had to endure threats of violence against their children.

17. What was “Liberia Fever”?

A) a disease similar to malaria that killed many of the black migrants to that country

B) a strong desire to leave America for the African colony of Liberia

C) an interest in African culture and artifacts

D) a ship that took many people to Africa, until white southerners sank it shortly after the

Civil War

18. What was an “Exoduster”?

A) a black person who moved to the western United States in search of a better life than in

the South

B) a white person who advocated destroying the black race

C) a black person who wanted to migrate to Africa

D) an African person who came to America shortly before the Civil War

19. What is true about most rural black families in the South after Reconstruction?

A) Many were achieving high-school level educations.

B) Their diet was adequate, although not up to today’s standards.

C) They generally stayed in the South, under conditions of desperate poverty.

D) Rural black families often had some level of savings, although they were never rich.

20. Why did most rural black families remain close to involuntary servitude by the late 1800s?

A) They granted power to their former owners in order to avoid work.

B) They lacked education, land, and political access to improve their lives.

C) They wanted their children to know what it felt like to struggle to survive.

D) They wanted to develop domestic and agricultural skills for future prosperity.

21. What was a typical characteristic of sharecropping for blacks?

A) Blacks generally could dispute the landowner’s valuation of crops or goods.

B) Black men were forced to accept the white man’s word in disputes over crop prices or the

value of goods provided to the sharecroppers.

C) Cotton brokers and gin owners paid equal prices to blacks and to whites for cotton.

D) Contracts had to be written and had to be filed in court.

22. What black college did Booker T. Washington found in 1872?

A) Hampton Institute

B) Tuskegee Institute in Alabama

C) University of Alabama

D) Washington State University

African American History Final

23. What was a belief of Booker T. Washington about opportunities for blacks?

A) Washington believed blacks should learn cleanliness and better manners.

B) Washington believed that blacks should educate themselves for professional work.

C) Washington believed that blacks should learn skills and do manual labor.

D) Washington believed that blacks should work for the right to vote while they worked for

economic success.

24. What did many people think was an appropriate education for black students?

A) vocational training

B) liberal arts education

C) professional training to be a doctor or lawyer

D) professional training in the sciences.

25. How was Booker T. Washington’s message received by whites?

A) Whites arrested Washington often for his messages to blacks about social equality.

B) Whites embraced his nonthreatening acceptance of white superiority.

C) Whites generally ignored Washington.

D) Whites elected Washington political office for his message to blacks.

26. Who were the “talented tenth”?

A) They were the most wealthy and influential group of whites; Washington felt all blacks

should try to aspire to be like them.

B) They were the top ten percent of black society; leaders like Du Bois felt that this group

should lead blacks to greater social and political equality.

C) They were the best group of working class students each year from Tuskegee;

Washington generally rewarded them with land of their own to begin their own farms.

D) They were the top ten percent of young female black students who were rewarded by Du

Bois with jobs in the North.

27. Where did the term “buffalo soldiers” originate?

A) Blacks would use their free time to herd buffalo.

B) Native Americans admired blacks’ fighting abilities and thought their hair similar to that

of the buffalo.

C) Blacks would frequently desert and run away during combat, a trait the Indians thought

was like the buffalo.

D) Whites thought that blacks were so lazy and cowardly that they were going to be

slaughtered like the buffalo.

28. Why is Madam C. J. Walker significant?

A) She was a wealthy aristocrat from France who financially supported black protest against

segregation.

B) She was an influential author and poet.

C) She became a very wealthy businesswoman.

D) She was the first African-American woman to vote.

African American History Final

29. What were “minstrel shows”?

A) puppet shows created by black puppeteers

B) black artists who would exhibit their paintings in public areas

C) groups of white and black actors who performed mime and circus-related acts for free in

the southern states

D) traveling groups of white actors and musicians, some portraying blacks in stereotypical,

racist caricatures

30. Why did southern whites approve of Booker T. Washington?

A) He challenged the racial status quo in the South.

B) He upheld the institution of segregation in the South.

C) He advocated for blacks to take over white-owned businesses.

D) He lobbied in public and private to end bans against interracial unions.

31. Who was described by one critic as the “Benedict Arnold of the Negro Race”?

A) Booker T. Washington

B) Frederick Douglass

C) William Trotter

D) Theodore Roosevelt

32. How did W.E.B. Du Bois’s background shape his views?

A) Du Bois was born in the South, but he moved North and did not sympathize with

southern blacks.

B) Du Bois was born free in the North, felt little racism during his early years, and became

fascinated by the role of race in America.

C) Du Bois immigrated from Africa, married a white woman, and avoided black issues

during his lifetime.

D) Du Bois was born in the South; he came from a slave family with a history of provoking

uprisings and advocated the use of violence.

33. What was the role of the “Talented Tenth,” according to Du Bois?

A) to serve as artists and writers for blacks to emulate

B) to go into the South and teach blacks about Liberia

C) to work to achieve the civil and political rights of African Americans

D) to demonstrate the usefulness of agricultural and vocational skills to blacks.

34. How did Du Bois’s and Washington’s approaches to improving the condition of black men differ?

A) Du Bois, unlike Washington, did not think blacks should be submissive to whites and

wait for change.

B) Du Bois, like Washington, was tolerant of white supremacy and with whites who

accepted it.

C) Du Bois, unlike Washington, felt that agitation for colonies in Africa made the most

sense for blacks.

D) Du Bois and Washington actually did not differ greatly regarding tactics for racial

improvement.

35. What methods did the NAACP use to try to gain black civil and political rights?

A) They worked within the court and legislative system.

B) They attempted to use violence against white supremacists.

C) They would hold huge rallies, with jazz and blues music to attract followers.

D) They worked actively to discredit Washington and to limit funding to Tuskegee.

African American History Final

36. Who was the most prominent black person associated with the NAACP in the early twentieth

century?

A) Booker T. Washington

B) Harriet Tubman

C) Frederick Douglass

D) W.E.B. Du Bois

37. What is true about the early NAACP?

A) It was a racially conservative organization.

B) White leaders dominated and financed it.

C) Because of Washington’s opposition, it rarely took stands against the Jim Crow system.

D) Washington’s spies established the organization in order to crush the Niagara Movement.

38. What political party did blacks generally support in the early twentieth century?

A) Democrat

B) Populist

C) Republican

D) Blacks were split between the three parties.

39. What role did police play in many of the race riots of the era?

A) Police generally tried to assist blacks in any way they could.

B) Police tried to be neutral enforcers of the law.

C) Police were often either the cause of the trouble or the helpmates of the rioters.

D) Police completely ignored the riots, allowing violence to go unchecked for some time

before making their presence known.

40. What area became known as the “Negro Capital of the World”?

A) Chicago, Illinois

B) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

C) Charleston, South Carolina

D) Harlem, New York City, New York

41. What did the film Birth of a Nation depict?

A) Birth of a Nation was an incredibly racist film that portrayed blacks as either ignorant or

immoral; it glorified the Ku Klux Klan

B) Birth of a Nation was a film about the American Revolution, as seen through the eyes of

a black slaver.

C) Birth of a Nation was the first film directed, written, and produced by blacks; it attempted

to glorify black patriots’ military service during World War I.

D) Birth of a Nation was an accurate, although somewhat romanticized, portrayal of

Reconstruction.

42. What organization reemerged shortly after the release of the movie The Birth of a Nation?

A) the NAACP

B) the Ku Klux Klan

C) Actors Against Racism

D) the first motion picture rating organization

African American History Final

43. What led to the decline of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s?

A) People across the country began to see them as common terrorists and many began to

denounce their ideas of racism.

B) Its leaders began to fight among themselves; also, a Klan leader was convicted of raping

a young white woman who later died.

C) The Great Depression limited income, so many whites could no longer afford the

expensive membership.

D) The Supreme Court declared it a dangerous, subversive organization.

44. How was the Klan of the 1920s different from the Reconstruction-era Klan?

A) The Klan in the 1920s was violent and all-white, whereas the Reconstruction Klan

generally was not.

B) The Klan of the 1920s expanded hate targets to Catholics, Jews, and immigrants as well

as blacks.

C) The Klan of Reconstruction was more of a political power.

D) The Klan was able to run a viable candidate for president in 1924.

45. Why did the Ku Klux Klan work to prohibit alcohol?

A) The organization wanted to appeal to blacks.

B) The organization wanted to distance itself from white women.

C) The organization associated alcohol with a loose and immoral lifestyle.

D) The organization wanted to reach out to southern European immigrants.

46. What does the publicity poster for the film The Birth of a Nation convey about the Ku Klux Klan?

A) Members of the KKK are villains who should be jailed.

B) The KKK ruined Reconstruction for the nation.

C) Members of the KKK are heroes fighting for Christianity and justice.

D) The KKK was composed of European immigrants who were un-American.

47. What organization did Marcus Garvey form in Jamaica in 1914?

A) the Universal Negro Improvement Association

B) the NAACP

C) the World Negro Association

D) the Congress of Racial Equality

48. What benefits did Marcus Garvey and his ideas bring to many black people?

A) His organization brought direct economic benefits to blacks, providing a minimum

income to all members of the UNIA, regardless of class or race.

B) Garvey brought spiritual salvation to his followers, as he was primarily a Baptist

minister.

C) Garvey’s ideas brought an opportunity to celebrate black culture, history, and heritage.

D) Garvey brought few benefits to his members, as his organization was always very small

and extreme.

49. What was the “Harlem Renaissance”?

A) a time when historic buildings in Harlem were given great attention

B) a brief time when blacks in Harlem had equal social rights to whites

C) a name given to the time period when Harlem was part of the New York colony

D) an outpouring of literary and artistic work from blacks during the 1920s

African American History Final

50. Black men were banned from which sport in 1887?

A) football

B) basketball

C) baseball

D) hockey

51. Why were black women often affected more than black men during the Depression?

A) Black women generally lacked the high level of education that black men had achieved.

B) White families could not afford domestic help during the Depression.

C) The only jobs available during the Depression were the skilled jobs for black men.

D) Black women had to stay at home and take care of their children.

52. Why did blacks move over to the Democratic Party during the 1936 election?

A) Blacks felt that Roosevelt had been doing more for them than any other president.

B) Blacks wanted to support the Democratic Party, especially in the South.

C) Blacks actually didn’t begin to support the Democratic Party until after World War II.

D) Blacks hoped to continue the dramatic gains made during the 1920s in civil rights.

53. Mary McLeod Bethune is an example of which of the following occupation groups of blacks

during the Great Depression?

A) domestic workers

B) shipyard workers

C) school teachers

D) social scientists

54. What Supreme Court case decided that all Americans have the right to a jury of their peers?

A) Dred Scott v. Sanford

B) Brown v. Board of Education

C) Plessy v. Ferguson

D) Norris v. Alabama

55. What did the case of the Scottsboro Boys involve?

A) two young communists accused of plotting to overthrow the government

B) two young white women who falsely accused nine black men of rape on a train

C) a case where blacks’ schoolteachers had taught the concept of evolution rather than the

Biblical story of the evolution of man

D) two young boys who were lynched by a group of whites for stealing candy from a white

store owned by the local sheriff and police chief

56. What was the Tuskegee Study?

A) a group of communists that attempted to take over the political affairs of Macon County,

Alabama

B) an effort by blacks to revive Booker T. Washington’s philosophy of accommodation

C) a federal government-sponsored health study that monitored black men with syphilis

D) an organization of black women who worked to get better prices for household goods in

the city of Detroit

African American History Final

57. What lessons did The Amos ‘n’ Andy Show teach white America?

A) Racism was unacceptable, and blacks were the equals to whites.

B) It was acceptable to laugh at black people’s efforts to survive.

C) Blacks could be successful in high-level positions in society.

D) Blacks should be doctors, politicians, and lawyers.

58. What roles did blacks generally play in films produced by whites?

A) They played the roles of slaves in nonspeaking roles.

B) They played the roles of servants, pranksters, or buffoons.

C) Many films allowed blacks access to substantial, creative roles.

D) Blacks were not allowed in film productions.

59. What was true about the radio program The Amos ‘n’ Andy Show?

A) It was a generally positive, non-stereotypical view of blacks.

B) It was one of many shows about blacks on the radio at the time.

C) It featured white actors performing the part of blacks.

D) It included only women as the characters.

60. How did black audiences react to Amos ‘n’ Andy?

A) Black audiences were excited to have black actors accurately portraying black characters.

B) Blacks audiences were hopeful that some black writers would get jobs on the show.

C) Although many elite blacks embraced the portrayal of blacks on the show, they wished it

would focus on more positive aspects of black middle-class life.

D) Many urban, educated blacks resented the stereotypical view of blacks presented by the

show.

61. How were Oscar Micheaux’s films different from standard Hollywood fare?

A) His films were even more outwardly racist than most typical Hollywood portrayals.

B) He produced movies for blacks and often focused on race within black culture.

C) He was a French director who produced films that critiqued American society.

D) His films set the standard that the rest of Hollywood followed regarding race.

62. Where was the central, most vibrant place for the development of black culture in the 1930s and

1940s?

A) Harlem

B) Chicago

C) Philadelphia

D) New Orleans

63. How does the career of singer Billie Holiday reveal the efforts of black artists to agitate for civil

rights during the era?

A) She used her art to protest black radicalism.

B) She used her art to elevate southern whites.

C) She used her art to challenge black oppression.

D) She used her art to champion Jim Crow segregation.

64. Who broke the color barrier in baseball in 1947?

A) Satchel Paige

B) Rube Foster

C) Jackie Robinson

D) Sammy Sosa

African American History Final

65. What policies did the War Department lay out for black participation in the military during World

War II?

A) African Americans would be the lead troops and undertake the first wave of combat in

Europe.

B) African Americans would be kept segregated and serve mainly in noncombat units.

C) African Americans would have absolutely no role or presence in Europe.

D) African Americans would be limited to digging ditches in Europe for white troops.

66. What was a common occupation for many black soldiers in Europe?

A) They were often a part of the transportation corps, delivering supplies to soldiers at the

front lines.

B) They were only responsible for digging trenches and setting up temporary quarters for

white soldiers.

C) They were rarely put in any position of danger during the war.

D) No African Americans were sent to Europe because they were thought to be lazy and

cowardly.

67. What was a difference between German POWs’ treatment in camps and the treatment of African

Americans in the military?

A) Germans often received worse treatment than blacks.

B) Germans were more restricted in their ability to move about the camps.

C) Germans were white and therefore received better treatment by whites than African-

American soldiers did.

D) Germans could periodically return to Germany and come back.

68. Why were the Tuskegee Airmen the most visible group of black soldiers?

A) They were a group of Native American code talkers in the Air Force.

B) They were a group of German prisoners of war who flew planes for the U.S.

C) They were an all-black unit of Air Force pilots and had black officers.

D) They refused to serve in the war because of racism and discrimination.

69. Which was the first war to see integrated American troop units in conflict?

A) World War I

B) World War II

C) the Korean War

D) the Vietnam War

70. What provoked whites in Money, Mississippi, to lynch Emmett Till?

A) Till attempted to register to vote in rural Georgia.

B) Till raped a white woman in a large southern city.

C) He breached social etiquette—the boy called a white woman “Baby.”

D) Till was married to a white woman and had several children in the North with her.

71. What event sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

A) the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr.

B) a dispute over police brutality in the city

C) the violence against black men on the buses

D) the arrest of Rosa Parks, a civil rights activist

African American History Final

72. How did white violence impact the development of the civil rights movement?

A) It made no impact.

B) It helped to end the movement.

C) It revealed southern racism to the larger public, extending the movement.

D) It found approval as a tactic by the federal government, ending the movement.

73. What group did Martin Luther King, Jr., form to continue the civil rights struggle begun with the

Montgomery Bus Boycott?

A) Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

B) Montgomery Bus Boycott League

C) Southern Christian Leadership Council

D) Congress of Racial Equality

74. What were the Freedom Rides?

A) an attempt by whites to destroy the SCLC and SNCC

B) an attempt to gain voting rights for blacks

C) an interracial ride by students on public transportation through the South

D) an effort by the Kennedy administration to publicize black problems in the North

75. What was Malcolm X’s view before 1964 about changing black people’s status in America?

A) He thought that police did not abuse black people.

B) He rejected integration with whites in any fashion.

C) He felt that real revolution would come only through peace with whites.

D) He hoped to work with the NAACP and Martin Luther King, Jr., to effect change.

76. How did Malcolm X’s views change after his visit to Mecca in 1964?

A) He began to favor segregation and subordination for blacks.

B) He renounced his former view that all whites were evil and racist.

C) He began speaking for the use of violence and force to overcome racism.

D) He began to insist that all blacks move to Africa.

77. What did Carmichael say that the slogan “Black Power” meant?

A) reverse discrimination, favoring blacks over whites in all areas and by any means

necessary

B) positive self-identity, racial pride, and independent economic and political power

C) the removal of segregation

D) Carmichael never really defined “Black Power.”

78. Why did the Black Panthers alarm white Americans?

A) They advocated self-defense and frequently patrolled black neighborhoods with guns.

B) They were stressing a return to segregation, which had become unpopular.

C) They advocated violence against all whites, regardless of political views.

D) They hoped to move all African Americans to Africa, thereby removing an important part

of the labor force.

African American History Final

79. Why was Berry Gordy significant in black music and life?

A) He was the first black presidential candidate and founded Motown.

B) He contributed to the civil rights movement through the production of black music and by

financing important ventures.

C) He helped to stop Detroit race riots, both in 1957 and 1967, by appealing to the black

community and police to avoid violence.

D) He was the primary politician behind the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

80. Why did colleges begin to form black studies departments in the late 1960s and early 1970s?

A) They began to feel that black studies were important, even before blacks became students

there.

B) They were forced to form black studies departments by the Supreme Court.

C) More blacks entered white colleges and began to demand courses of relevance to them.

D) Local NAACP groups demanded such programs or they would riot and form protests.

81. How is Oprah Winfrey an example of black success in the twenty-first century?

A) Her writing career has made her the most highly acclaimed writer in the world.

B) Her acting career has made her the most highly acclaimed performer in the world.

C) Her singing career has made her the most successful black musician in the world.

D) Her media empire has made her the richest African-American woman in the world.

82. How did deindustrialization impact the black community in the late twentieth century?

A) It made no impact on the black community.

B) It produced many more industrial jobs in the U.S. for blacks.

C) It produced some new industrial jobs for blacks.

D) It led to a decrease in industrial jobs for blacks.

83. The impact of rap music popularized which musical term and genre?

A) bebop

B) hip-hop

C) classical

D) ragtime

84. Supporters of Afrocentricity argue that __________.

A) Europeans are actually the highest culture, and Africans should follow their lead.

B) America is a melting pot, bringing together many cultures, including Africans.

C) Africa should be only one of the main focal points of their study of history.

D) European civilization came from African origins, especially from Egypt.

85. What institution continued to be at the center of black life during the late twentieth century?

A) newspapers

B) rap music

C) churches

D) the NAACP

86. What is the connection between the Vatican, slavery, and African-American history?

A) No discernible connection exists.

B) Pope John Paul II apologized for the role of the Catholic Church in slavery.

C) Pope John Paul II apologized for the role of the Catholic Church in World War II.

D) Pope John Paul II apologized for the role of the Catholic Church in priest abuse of

children.

African American History Final

87. What was a culminating event of Farrakhan’s leadership of the Nation of Islam?

A) his trip to Mecca

B) his denunciation of Jews

C) the Million Man March

D) his reaction to September 11

88. Where did most blacks live in the U.S. in 2000?

A) the northeastern states

B) the midwestern states

C) the southern states

D) the western states

89. In the Supreme Court case of Loving vs. Virginia (1967), the court struck down what category of

law?

A) antiabortion

B) homosexual marriage

C) hate-speech

D) antimiscegenation

90. How has the percentage of African Americans in the University of California system been

affected by the end of affirmative action policies?

A) The percentage of blacks has dropped slightly overall.

B) The percentage of blacks has fallen dramatically overall.

C) The percentage of blacks has risen slightly overall

D) The percentage of blacks has risen dramatically overall.

91. What did the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1988 accomplish?

A) Although it would have made significant gains for blacks, Reagan vetoed it.

B) It helped black women gain jobs in federal employment.

C) It negated affirmative action programs in higher education and within the federal

government.

D) It withheld federal funds if an institution discriminated against women or racial

minorities.

92. What is the concept of apartheid?

A) another term for the industrialization of modern nations

B) a system of racial discrimination, glorifying white supremacy

C) a type of African music that gained popularity among blacks in the 1980s

D) a type of international foreign policy, where some governments are set “a part” because

of race

93. How does the black community view the idea of reparations for blacks to compensate for

slavery?

A) Opinion is divided over reparations.

B) The black community is solidly behind the idea.

C) The black community is solidly against the idea.

D) Elite blacks seem to favor it, while poor blacks seem to be against it.

African American History Final

94. How did the Rodney King verdict reveal differences between whites and blacks regarding

American justice?

A) Blacks and whites came together to support the verdict.

B) Blacks saw the acquittal of the police officers as an example of injustice while whites

saw it as preserving law and order.

C) Blacks and whites came together to oppose the verdict.

D) Blacks saw the fact that Rodney King was released as evidence that the American court

system favored rich people while whites saw it as injustice.

95. Who was the first American president to visit sub-Saharan Africa?

A) Harry Truman

B) George W. Bush

C) Bill Clinton

D) Ronald Reagan

96. How did blacks view President Clinton?

A) They refused to support him at first, but later reluctantly did after he cut welfare.

B) They thought he was the best president since Lyndon Johnson regarding black rights.

C) They never supported him or any of his polices because of his lack of support of Africa.

D) They supported him at first but then later voted against him because of public scandals.

97. Why did President Clinton reduce funding for the social welfare program Aid to Families of

Dependent Children in 1996?

A) He thought it violated freedom of speech.

B) He thought it interfered with integration.

C) He thought it did little to reduce poverty.

D) He thought black women would work less if the act was passed.

98. What was different from previous administrations regarding Clinton’s appointment of black

people to administrative positions?

A) He appointed fewer blacks than Ronald Reagan.

B) He failed to appoint any blacks to administrative positions.

C) He appointed blacks to positions that often had nothing to do with race.

D) Blacks refused to support his appointments, because he picked unqualified people.

99. Which city was devastated by Hurricane Katrina in 2005?

A) Miami

B) Houston

C) Galveston

D) New Orleans

100. Who was the first African American president of the United States of America?

A) Barack Obama

B) George W. Bush

C) Bill Clinton

D) Martin Luther King Jr.