WESTERN CIVILIZATION II pre-test History 102

Which of the following nationalities was NOT represented in the Austrian-Hungary Empire in 1867?

Question 1 options:

	1) Serbian
	2) Italian
	3) Romanian
	4) Bulgarian

Question 2 (1 point)

 

Which of these best describes the SA (the Sturm Abteilung)?

Question 2 options:

	1) the military arm of the Nazi Party
	2) the German officer corps
	3) a radical political party
	4) the militarized socialist party

Question 3 (1 point)

 

Napoleon’s campaign in Egypt resembled the medieval crusades in what way?

Question 3 options:

	1) Both increased contact between Western Europe and the Islamic world.
	2) Both were motivated primarily by religious ideals.
	3) Both represented a period of Christian tolerance for other religions.
	4) Neither had a long-term cultural impact.

Question 4 (1 point)

 

Recruitment for Hitler’s SA was greatly simplified by which of these?

Question 4 options:

	1) massive unemployment
	2) the use of convicts
	3) the Bolshevik Revolution
	4) the 1923 inflation

Question 5 (1 point)

 

Which of these correctly pairs a Romantic figure and his or her field?

Question 5 options:

	1) William Wordsworth : poetry
	2) Johan Wolfgang von Goethe : folklore
	3) John Constable : drama
	4) Mary Godwin Shelley : painting

Question 6 (1 point)

 

About what percentage of French citizens spoke the official French language in 1850?

Question 6 options:

	1) 50
	2) 90
	3) 75
	4) 25

Question 7 (1 point)

 

Which of these describes the general direction of Ottoman reform in the later 1800s?

Question 7 options:

	1) radical, fundamentalist
	2) militarization
	3) Westernizing, secularizing
	4) fragmentation

Question 8 (1 point)

 

Why did European aristocrats push to make it harder to gain a noble title?

Question 8 options:

	1) to distinguish nobles from others more clearly
	2) to eliminate competition among the nobles for royal favors
	3) to free the nobility from the vingtième
	4) to make such titles more marketable

Question 9 (1 point)

 

What was ultimately accomplished through the revolutions in Latin American?

Question 9 options:

	1) the granting of citizenship rights to indigenous people
	2) the establishment of new forms of government
	3) the granting of citizenship rights to women
	4) the abolishment of slavery

Question 10 (1 point)

 

Who joined the Dual Alliance in 1882, creating the Triple Alliance?

Question 10 options:

	1) Italy
	2) the Ottoman Empire
	3) Austria
	4) Germany

Question 11 (1 point)

 

Hitler’s assault on the Slavic peoples indicates that his attacks on the Jews were more about ________ than ________.

Question 11 options:

	1) racism; religion
	2) culture; religion
	3) history; revenge
	4) religion; nationalism

Question 12 (1 point)

 

How did the interpretation of the Russian Magna Carta change over time?

Question 12 options:

	1) The Russian Magna Carta was initially perceived as providing privileges and principles of self-organization, but was eventually perceived as providing political and corporate rights.
	2) The rights it outlined were initially only intended to apply to Russian nobility, but were eventually extended to other Russians as well.
	3) The Russian Magna Carta was initially perceived as providing political and corporate rights, but was eventually perceived as providing privileges and principles of self-organization.
	4) The rights it outlined were initially applied to all Russians, but eventually came to apply only to Russian nobility.

Question 13 (1 point)

 

Which of these world regions took virtually no part in the slave trade of the 1700s?

Question 13 options:

	1) Asia
	2) Africa
	3) North America
	4) Europe

Question 14 (1 point)

 

The lives of women in Western Europe in the late 1900s and early 2000s and the lives of women in the Soviet Union ________.

Question 14 options:

	1) remained fundamentally different
	2) moved closer together
	3) diverged radically
	4) never resembled each other.

Question 15 (1 point)

 

In the formation of the conservative order in Europe, which of these played the largest part?

Question 15 options:

	1) nationalism
	2) the end of the nobility
	3) the French Revolution
	4) the demise of the Holy Roman Empire

Question 16 (1 point)

 

Newer historical interpretations of the Industrial Revolution tend to focus on ________.

Question 16 options:

	1) the role of Italy
	2) the role of consumers
	3) increased industrial output
	4) new industrial machinery

Question 17 (1 point)

 

The term “total war” refers to what aspect of warfare in World War I?

Question 17 options:

	1) mobilization of all of a nation’s resources
	2) the large numbers of combatants
	3) its global scope
	4) the use of chemical and traditional weapons

Question 18 (1 point)

 

How does Andrew Ure’s view of the factory system compare to John Ruskin’s view of the factory system?

Question 18 options:

	1) Ure views the factory as a destructive influence on society that is stripping away the humanity of its workers, whereas Ruskin views the factory as a benevolent influence on society that provides work for the lower classes and financial gain for the upper classes.
	2) Both Ure and Ruskin view the factory as a benevolent influence on society that provides work for the lower classes and financial gain for the upper classes.
	3) Both Ure and Ruskin view the factory as a destructive influence on society that is stripping away the humanity of its workers.
	4) Ure views the factory as a benevolent influence on society that provides work for the lower classes and financial gain for the upper classes, whereas Ruskin views the factory as a destructive influence on society that is stripping away the humanity of its workers.

Question 19 (1 point)

 

Hitler’s invasion of the Rhineland can be seen as a ________.

Question 19 options:

	1) concession to his allies
	2) test of the Allies resolve
	3) first move in occupying the Sudetenland
	4) pointless maneuver

Question 20 (1 point)

 

Heinrich Himmler was commander of the Nazi ________.

Question 20 options:

	1) Party organization
	2) SS (Schutzstaffel)
	3) propaganda effort
	4) SA (Sturm Abteilung)

 

 

Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin disagreed about which of these in 1990–1991?

Question 21 options:

	1) who should be the next party chairman
	2) the survival of the Communist Party
	3) the pace of reform
	4) the response to the Cuban missile crisis

Question 22 (1 point)

 

How did the advent of steam power affect sugar cane production?

Question 22 options:

	1) Steam power decreased the cost of sugar cane production, causing a financial boom among plantation owners.
	2) Steam power increased the cost of sugar cane production, causing many plantation owners to go bankrupt.
	3) Upon the advent of steam power, some plantations replaced horses and mules with steam engines.
	4) Plantations opted not to use steam power in favor of the continued use of cheap labor provided by animals and slaves.

Question 23 (1 point)

 

Which of these oversaw many liberal reforms in Britain in the late 1800s?

Question 23 options:

	1) Alfred Balfour
	2) William Pitt
	3) Benjamin Disraeli
	4) William Gladstone

Question 24 (1 point)

 

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle was a direct blow to _______.

Question 24 options:

	1) scientific assumptions
	2) Darwin’s explanation of evolution
	3) the authority of the Catholic Church
	4) Einstein’s relativity theory

Question 25 (1 point)

 

Ibsen’s A Doll’s House shares the same theme as ________.

Question 25 options:

	1) In Search of Time Past
	2) Eminent Victorians
	3) Mrs. Warren’s Profession
	4) A Room of One’s Own

Question 26 (1 point)

 

Francis Palacky was successful in the same realm as _______.

Question 26 options:

	1) William Lovett
	2) Robert Owen
	3) Giuseppe Garibaldi
	4) Karl Marx

Question 27 (1 point)

 

Who dominated Latin American politics in the 1800s?

Question 27 options:

	1) the Catholic clergy
	2) urban craftsmen
	3) powerful Creoles
	4) peninsulares

Question 28 (1 point)

 

The steam engine revolutionized manufacturing because it was basically ________.

Question 28 options:

	1) an inexhaustible power source
	2) made to run anywhere
	3) free to run
	4) not dependent on a fuel source

Question 29 (1 point)

 

The Falangists were Spanish ________.

Question 29 options:

	1) communists
	2) fascists
	3) socialists
	4) anarchists

Question 30 (1 point)

 

With of the following areas joined with Prussia to form the German Empire in 1871?

Question 30 options:

	1) Hanover
	2) Alsace
	3) Bavaria
	4) Schleswig

Question 31 (1 point)

 

The author of the seven-volume In Search of Time Past was ________.

Question 31 options:

	1) Henrik Ibsen
	2) George Bernard Shaw
	3) Marcel Proust
	4) Lytton Strachey

Question 32 (1 point)

 

Which nation became independent under the Treaty of London of 1830?

Question 32 options:

	1) Brazil
	2) Poland
	3) Greece
	4) Belgium

Question 33 (1 point)

 

Why did smallpox have such a devastating effect on Native American populations?

Question 33 options:

	1) because they lacked the Western medicines necessary to fight it
	2) because they had never been exposed to it and lacked the immune defenses necessary to fight it
	3) because they were genetically more prone to illness and disease than European populations
	4) because their immune systems had been weakened by the stress of warding of the encroaching settlers

Question 34 (1 point)

 

In the 1970s, feminism in Europe focused on which of these?

Question 34 options:

	1) women’s place in society
	2) political equality
	3) legal reform
	4) welfare reform

Question 35 (1 point)

 

Which of these was addressed by the Factory Act of 1833?

Question 35 options:

	1) labor unions
	2) child labor
	3) wage controls
	4) dangerous working conditions

Question 36 (1 point)

 

How did Immanuel Kant’s ideas compare to the philosophy of rationalism that was prevalent during the enlightenment?

Question 36 options:

	1) He embraced rationalism and denied the existence of human freedom, immortality, God.
	2) He accepted rationalism, but still believed in human freedom, immortality, and the existence of God.
	3) He denied rationalism in favor of a belief in human freedom, immortality, and the existence of God.
	4) He believed that rationalism was the only component necessary to achieve enlightenment.

Question 37 (1 point)

 

What response did Napoleon have regarding his exile to St. Helena?

Question 37 options:

	1) an adoption of a catatonic state
	2) a complete acceptance of the repercussions of his actions
	3) a level of delusion about his continued maintenance of absolute power
	4) a level of astonishment at the English’s choice of punishment and his dramatic loss of power

Question 38 (1 point)

 

Which of these men ruled in France during the Crimean and Franco-Prussian wars?

Question 38 options:

	1) Napoleon III
	2) Louis XVIII
	3) Louis Napoleon
	4) Louis-Philipp

Question 39 (1 point)

 

In the mid-1800s, women working in factories were most commonly _______.

Question 39 options:

	1) in their twenties and married
	2) young and single
	3) over thirty and widowed
	4) divorced and in their twenties

Question 40 (1 point)

 

In Jacques-Louis David’s Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon I, the scene is ________.

Question 40 options:

	1) full of symbolism of the French Revolution
	2) divided between royalists and republicans
	3) more reminiscent of medieval monarchy than republican France
	4) makes clear the debt of Napoleon to the papacy

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The Eiffel Tower, like the Crystal Palace, was built as ________.

Question 41 options:

	1) the centerpiece of an international exposition
	2) a transportation center
	3) monument to French imperialism
	4) an experiment for the use of elevators

Question 42 (1 point)

 

Pursuing a kleindeutsch policy meant that Bismarck would _________ in his planned German state.

Question 42 options:

	1) include all German-speaking lands
	2) include only Prussia
	3) not aim to include Austria
	4) join Austria and Prussia

Question 43 (1 point)

 

Which of these made electricity far superior to traditional power sources?

Question 43 options:

	1) It could be easily transporte
	2) It required no infrastructure.
	3) It did not depend on fossil fuels.
	4) It was free.

Question 44 (1 point)

 

In Morocco, the French governed ________.

Question 44 options:

	1) directly
	2) through a French governor
	3) as though Morocco was part of France
	4) through a puppet monarch

Question 45 (1 point)

 

The water frame was special among the various innovations in the cloth industry because it ________.

Question 45 options:

	1) moved cloth manufacturing to factories
	2) could be used in homes
	3) was a British invention
	4) mechanized a step in cloth production

Question 46 (1 point)

 

Which of these is illustrated by the Polish Patriots?

Question 46 options:

	1) a Polish alliance with Russia
	2) conservative reaction to revolutionary movements
	3) a Polish Protestant resurgence
	4) the spread of revolutionary ideas through Europe

Question 47 (1 point)

 

A key reason that Hitler was made chancellor in 1933 was that he ________.

Question 47 options:

	1) had already clearly defied the Versailles Treaty
	2) was committed to socialism
	3) appeared less of a threat than the far right or far left
	4) had proved to be good at building coalitions

Question 48 (1 point)

 

Which of the following areas was still part of the Ottoman Empire as of 1913?

Question 48 options:

	1) Sudan
	2) Serbia
	3) Syria
	4) Libya

Question 49 (1 point)

 

Blitzkrieg was successful because it was fast and ________.

Question 49 options:

	1) baffling
	2) unexpected
	3) relied on naval power
	4) based on secrecy

Question 50 (1 point)

 

What does Voltaire assert about the role of social classes in society?

Question 50 options:

	1) that social classes are an archaic tradition that needs to be examined through the lens of modern philosophical inquiry
	2) that social classes are a mental construct that can easily be abolished in society
	3) that social classes are inevitable in a society where men desire domination, wealth, pleasure, and idleness
	4) that social classes are of the utmost importance to a balanced, successful, modern society

Question 51 (1 point)

 

What can be determined about this eighteenth-century political cartoon based upon the positioning of King Louis XVI?

Question 51 options:

	1) that it was drawn after the third partition of Poland
	2) that it was drawn after the calling of the Estates General
	3) that it was drawn before the second partition of Poland
	4) that is was drawn before the calling of the Estates General

Question 52 (1 point)

 

What negative environmental repercussion resulted from English Rule in India?

Question 52 options:

	1) The British people’s love of big game hunting resulted in the near extinction of India’s big cats and bears.
	2) British efforts to develop an atomic bomb resulted in the pollution of India’s waterways with chemical and nuclear waste.
	3) British determination to industrialize India and introduce India to mills and factories resulted in terrible air pollution across much of India.
	4) British encouragement of large-scale commercial logging resulted in deforestation and ecological destruction across much of India.

Question 53 (1 point)

 

The Declaration of the Rights of Woman is the earliest example of the _______.

Question 53 options:

	1) success of women’s calls for enfranchisement
	2) successes of the National Constituent Assembly
	3) impact of the American Revolution
	4) usefulness of the Declaration of the Rights of Man to disenfranchised groups

Question 54 (1 point)

 

If there was one moment when the French Revolution can be said to have become inevitable, it is the _______.

Question 54 options:

	1) fall of the Bastille
	2) Tennis Court Oath
	3) calling of the Estates General
	4) Reign of Terror

Question 55 (1 point)

 

The storming of the Tuileries is an example of a(n) ________.

Question 55 options:

	1) aristocratic reaction
	2) émigré
	3) journée
	4) cahier de doléances

Question 56 (1 point)

 

To what extent was the Paris Commune successful?

Question 56 options:

	1) The new president MacMahon was from the ranks of the communards.
	2) The Commune protected Paris from the Prussian invasion.
	3) It created a symbol of the possibilities of socialist insurrections.
	4) The Third Republic was a socialist government.

Question 57 (1 point)

 

Which of these was added to Italy as a result of the Austro-Prussian War?

Question 57 options:

	1) Rome
	2) Sardinia
	3) Venetia
	4) Sicily

Question 58 (1 point)

 

According to the work of Karl Pearson, what is necessary in order for mankind to attain a state of higher civilization?

Question 58 options:

	1) competition and a struggle between the races
	2) the abandonment of nationalist ideals
	3) the application and enforcement of inscrutable human ethics
	4) the use of military force in uncooperative nations

Question 59 (1 point)

 

What belief contributed to the propagation of Christian missionary movements?

Question 59 options:

	1) the belief that imperialism could only really be successful if the colonial territories adopted the religion and customs of their motherland
	2) the belief held by many Christians that they could not go to heaven unless they converted at least five people to Christianity during their lifetime
	3) the belief held by many Christians that they dwelled in a providential moment of history for the expansion of Christianity
	4) the belief held by many Christians that if they did not convert foreigners to Christianity these foreigners might eventually try to force their blasphemous religions on them

Question 60 (1 point)

 

For Montesquieu, the British Parliament, king, and courts acted as ______.

Question 60 options:

	1) the general will
	2) brakes on each other’s power
	3) a joint executive
	4) a means of oppressing the people