Assessment 4 Patient, Family, or Population Health Problem Solution

Home>Homework Answsers>Nursing homework helpNURSENurs9 months ago03.10.202410Report issuefiles (3)ASSESSMENT4.docxNURS-FPX4900__MolinaDagmari_Assessment2.docxNURS-FPX4900__MolinaDagmari_Assessment1.docxASSESSMENT4.docxDevelop an intervention (your capstone project), as a solution to the patient, family, or population problem you’ve defined. Submit the proposed intervention to the faculty for review and approval. This solution needs to be implemented (shared) with your patient, family, or group. You are not to share your intervention with your patient, family, or group or move on to Assessment 5 before your faculty reviews/approves the solution you submit in Assessment 4. In a separate written deliverable, write a 5–7 page analysis of your intervention.instructionsIn your first three assessments, you applied new knowledge and insight gleaned from the literature, from organizational data, and from direct consultation with the patient, family, or group (and perhaps with subject matter and industry experts) to your assessment of the problem. You’ve examined the problem from the perspectives of leadership, collaboration, communication, change management, policy, quality of care, patient safety, costs to the system and individual, technology, care coordination, and community resources. Now it’s time to turn your attention to proposing an intervention (your capstone project), as a solution to the problem.preparationIn this assessment, you’ll develop an intervention as a solution to the health problem you’ve defined. To prepare for the assessment, think about an appropriate intervention, based on your work in the preceding assessments, that will produce tangible, measurable results for the patient, family, or group. In addition, you might consider using a root cause analysis to explore the underlying reasons for a problem and as the basis for developing and implementing an action plan to address the problem. Some appropriate interventions include the following:· Creating an educational brochure.· Producing an educational voice-over PowerPoint presentation or video focusing on your topic.· Creating a teaching plan for your patient, family, or group.· Recommending work process or workflow changes addressing your topic.Plan to spend at least 3 direct practicum hours working with the same patient, family, or group.In addition, you may wish to complete the following:· Review the assessment instructions and scoring guide to ensure that you understand the work you will be asked to complete and how it will be assessed.· Conduct sufficient research of the scholarly and professional literature to inform your work and meet scholarly expectations for supporting evidence.Note: As you revise your writing, check out the resources listed on the Writing Center’sWriting Supportpage.INSTRUCTIONSComplete this assessment in two parts: (a) develop an intervention as a solution to the problem and (b) submit your proposed intervention, with a written analysis, to your faculty for review and approval.Part 1Develop an intervention, as a solution to the problem, based on your assessment and supported by data and scholarly, evidence-based sources.Incorporate relevant aspects of the following considerations that shaped your understanding of the problem:· Leadership.· Collaboration.· Communication.· Change management.· Policy.· Quality of care.· Patient safety.· Costs to the system and individual.· Technology.· Care coordination.· Community resources.Part 2Submit your proposed intervention to your faculty for review and approval.In a separate written deliverable, write a 5–7 page analysis of your intervention.· Summarize the patient, family, or population problem.· Explain why you selected this problem as the focus of your project.· Explain why the problem is relevant to your professional practice and to the patient, family, or group.In addition, address the requirements outlined below. These requirements correspond to the scoring guide criteria for this assessment, so be sure to address each main point. Read the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed. In addition, note the additional requirements for document format and length and for supporting evidence.· Define the role of leadership and change management in addressing the problem.· Explain how leadership and change management strategies influenced the development of your proposed intervention.· Explain how nursing ethics informed the development of your proposed intervention.· Include a copy of the intervention/solution/professional product.· Propose strategies for communicating and collaborating with the patient, family, or group to improve outcomes associated with the problem.· Identify the patient, family, or group.· Discuss the benefits of gathering their input to improve care associated with the problem.· Identify best-practice strategies from the literature for effective communication and collaboration to improve outcomes.· Explain how state board nursing practice standards and/or organizational or governmental policies guided the development of your proposed intervention.· Cite the standards and/or policies that guided your work.· Describe research that has tested the effectiveness of these standards and/or policies in improving outcomes for this problem.· Explain how your proposed intervention will improve the quality of care, enhance patient safety, and reduce costs to the system and individual.· Cite evidence from the literature that supports your conclusions.· Identify relevant and available sources of benchmark data on care quality, patient safety, and costs to the system and individual.· Explain how technology, care coordination, and the utilization of community resources can be applied in addressing the problem.· Cite evidence from the literature that supports your conclusions.· Write concisely and directly, using active voice.· Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references.Additional Requirements·Format: Format the written analysis of your intervention using APA style.APA Style Paper Tutorial [DOCX]is provided to help you in writing and formatting your paper. Be sure to include:· A title page and reference page. An abstract is not required.· Appropriate section headings.·Length: Your paper should be approximately 5–7 pages in length, not including the reference page.·Supporting evidence: Cite at least five sources of scholarly or professional evidence that support your central ideas. Resources should be no more than five years old. Provide in-text citations and references in APA format.·Proofreading: Proofread your paper, before you submit it, to minimize errors that could distract readers and make it more difficult for them to focus on its substance.NURS-FPX4900__MolinaDagmari_Assessment2.docxAssessment 2: Assessing the Problem: Quality, Safety, and Cost ConsiderationsDagmari MolinaCapella UniversityNURS-FPX4900Professor Sabrina Pope09/16/20242Assessment 2: Assessing the Problem: Quality, Safety, and Cost ConsiderationsPart 1Type 2 Diabetes is a chronic, progressive condition that poses significant challenges to healthcare systems and individual well-being. Initially, the condition is characterized by insulin resistance and eventually, the pancreas is unable to produce sufficient insulin, resulting in high concentrations of glucose in the blood (Galicia-Garcia et al., 2020). Type 2 Diabetes affects millions of people worldwide, especially those from underserved and ethnic minority populations. The condition not only requires continuous management to prevent complications but also has far-reaching effects on the quality of care, patient safety, and healthcare costs. This paper explores the impact of Type 2 Diabetes on healthcare quality, safety, and costs, focusing on the case of Omari Michaelson. Additionally, the paper will assess how nursing standards, organizational policies, and leadership strategies can be leveraged to improve outcomes, reduce complications, and mitigate costs associated with the condition.Impact of Type 2 Diabetes on Care Quality, Patient Safety and Care CostsType 2 Diabetes significantly impacts the quality of care, patient safety, and healthcare costs for both individuals and the broader healthcare system. Patients like Omari Michaelson, who face challenges in adhering to medication and lifestyle changes, often experience poor glycemic control, which increases the risk of complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease (Galicia-Garcia et al., 2020). These complications require continuous and specialized care which compromises overall quality as it increases the demand for healthcare services. In addition, the need for specialized care increases the risk of care fragmentation especially in underserved populations, which leads to inconsistent diabetes management and delayed interventions, further decreasing the quality of care (Chehal et al., 2022).In terms of patient safety, unmanaged Type 2 Diabetes increases the likelihood of adverse events such as hypoglycemia, falls, and infection, which can result in emergency interventions, hospitalizations and mortality (Dhatariya et al., 2020). Medication errors due to incorrect insulin administration are common among Type 2 Diabetes patients and can result in life-threatening consequences. In addition, patient safety can also be endangered due medication errors resulting from incorrect dosages, interactions and reactions to other medications for managing the condition. Per Dhatariya et al. (2020), individuals with diabetes are also more susceptible to safety issues such as diabetic ketoacidosis, a higher mortality risk, and hospital-acquired foot ulcers due to disparities in access to care and timely treatment. These safety issues align with my nursing experience, where Type 2 Diabetes patients frequently face issues related to improper medication use and delayed care, especially those from lower socio-economic backgrounds.The costs of managing Type 2 Diabetes are high for both individuals and the healthcare system. Individuals incur costs related to medications, frequent doctor visits, lower productivity, missed work days, and treatments for complications. For the healthcare system, diabetes management drives up costs due to increased hospitalizations, longer stays, and emergency treatments. According to Haque et al. (2021), the US healthcare system spends $327 billion on diabetes care per year, with 30% of this amount being spent on inpatient care and a similar percentage on medications for diabetes complications. The high cost of care associated with the condition is attributed to the fact that the likelihood of hospitalization among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes is three times higher than that of patients without chronic illnesses (Haque et al., 2021). Furthermore, as Chehal et al. (2022) assert, the burden of diabetes-related complications among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups is high, contributing to rising healthcare expenditures. In my practice, I consistently observe the financial strain on Type 2 Diabetes patients, especially those with limited resources as they struggle to afford medications and treatments, further worsening their health outcomes.State Board Nursing Practice Standards And/or Organizational or Governmental PoliciesState board nursing practice standards and organizational or governmental policies play a crucial role in shaping how Type 2 Diabetes management impacts care quality, patient safety, and healthcare costs. State boards regulate the nursing practice to ensure that they maintain competency in providing evidence-based care, including patient education on diabetes management, medication adherence, and monitoring. Using these standardized protocols directly influences care quality by ensuring that nurses are properly trained to recognize and address diabetes-related complications and apply dietary and lifestyle recommendations to improve glycemic control (Aldahmashi et al., 2024). Organizational policies that align with national standards for diabetes care also affect patient safety by enhancing self-management among patients, improving their outcomes (Husdal et al., 2021). In addition, governmental policies such as the Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded access to preventive services, improving diabetes management by reducing disparities in care, thereby decreasing long-term costs to individuals and the healthcare system (Chehal et al., 2022)​. These policies will guide my actions during the practicum by ensuring that I focus on patient education, accurate medication administration, and timely monitoring to improve outcomes and reduce the need for costly emergency interventions. They will also guide my actions in nursing practice by providing a framework for delivering consistent, evidence-based care.Local, state, and federal policies significantly influence the scope of nursing practice, particularly in managing chronic conditions like Type 2 Diabetes. For instance, state regulations may limit or expand the roles nurses can play in diabetes care management, such as prescribing medication or conducting patient education sessions. Federal policies like Medicare reimbursement rules also affect care delivery by influencing what services are covered, thus impacting the accessibility of diabetes care for patients. These policies allow for more integrated and preventive approaches to managing chronic diseases like diabetes. Therefore, the help ensure that nurses can provide comprehensive care that improves patient safety, care quality, and reduces overall healthcare costs (Chehal et al., 2022).Strategies for Improving Care Quality, Enhancing Patient Safety, and Reducing CostsSeveral strategies can be employed to improve the quality of care, enhance patient safety, and reduce healthcare costs for individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. First, implementing patient-centered education programs that focus on self-management is key. Educating patients like Mr. Omari on how to monitor blood glucose, adhere to medication, properly titrate and administer insulin, and make lifestyle changes significantly improves care quality and reduces the likelihood of complications. According to Dhatariya et al. (2020), patients who participate in diabetes education programs are more likely to maintain optimal blood glucose levels, leading to fewer complications and reduced emergency care costs. Therefore, the effectiveness of this strategy is supported by literature.Additionally, leveraging telehealth solutions such as telemedicine and mobile health apps can provide ongoing support and monitoring to help patients stay engaged with their care plans. In addition, such interventions help promote adherence to proper insulin and medication recommendations, improving patient safety and reducing hospital (Liu et al., 2024). Liu et el. (2024) demonstrate that patients who receive regular follow-ups through telemedicine interventions experience better outcomes, including reduced HbA1c levels, better weight control, improved blood pressure control and fewer instances of severe hypoglycemia. These improved outcomes ultimately lower healthcare costs by preventing acute care episodes. Another strategy is strengthening interdisciplinary care teams by enhancing collaboration among nurses, dietitians, and endocrinologists to improve care coordination and patient outcomes while reducing redundant treatments and costs.Relevant and available sources of benchmark data on care quality, patient safety, and healthcare costs can be accessed through databases such as the National Diabetes Statistics Report provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to track national diabetes prevalence and outcomes. The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) also provides data on hospitalization rates and healthcare costs associated with diabetes complications. Additionally, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) offers data on patient safety measures and quality benchmarks, which can be used to evaluate how well healthcare systems are managing chronic conditions like diabetes. These data sources provide critical benchmarks for assessing the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving care quality, enhancing patient safety, and reducing costs for individuals and the healthcare system.Part 2During my first 2 practicum hours, I met with Omari Michaelson, a 58-year-old man living with Type 2 Diabetes, and his family in their home. Omari has been struggling with managing his condition, and his family expressed concern over his inconsistent medication adherence and unhealthy dietary habits. They highlighted how his work schedule and caregiver responsibilities for his aging mother made it difficult for him to prioritize his own health. From this meeting, I learned that the family’s support could play a crucial role in improving his adherence to a healthier lifestyle. They were willing to learn more about how they could help, but they were unsure of the most effective ways to do so.During the meeting, I reviewed evidence-based practice (EBP) documents including guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and materials on diabetes self-management education. These resources emphasized the importance of patient education, family involvement, and routine follow-up care in managing Type 2 Diabetes. From the review, I learned that a team-based approach that includes regular patient monitoring, education on meal planning, and family support and involvement is critical for successful diabetes management. The ADA guidelines highlighted how empowering patients through education can improve glycemic control and reduce complications, which supported my plan to focus on patient-centered education and family collaboration.During the meeting, I used leadership and communication skills to explain the significance of Omari’s condition and the importance of lifestyle modifications. I explored how we could collaborate as a team to support Omari’s care, and I emphasized the urgency of improving his glycemic control to prevent future complications. Although there was initial resistance from Omari due to the time commitment for exercise and meal planning, I addressed this barrier by involving his family in the conversation. The family agreed to help him with some of his caregiving and family responsibilities to allow him time for exercise. They also agreed to change their diet and to support Omari, as well as joining him for exercise. I also used change management strategies such as breaking the process down into small, manageable steps and encouraging gradual changes instead of overwhelming them with information. This approach helped shift the family’s perspective, and they ultimately agreed on the importance of addressing the issue. I did not need to redefine the problem, but I adjusted my approach to focus more on small, incremental changes. Looking back, I could have used more visual aids such as charts or infographics to further explain the risks of unmanaged diabetes.ReferencesAldahmashi, H., Maneze, D., Molloy, L., & Salamonson, Y. (2024). Nurses’ adoption of diabetes clinical practice guidelines in primary care and the impacts on patient outcomes and safety: An integrative review.International Journal of Nursing Studies,154, 104747.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104747Chehal, P. K., Selvin, E., DeVoe, J. E., Mangione, C. M., & Ali, M. K. (2022). Diabetes and the fragmented state of US health care and policy.Health Affairs,41(7), 939-946.https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00299Dhatariya, K., Mustafa, O. G., & Rayman, G. (2020). Safe care for people with diabetes in hospital.Clinical Medicine,20(1), 21-27.https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2019-0255Galicia-Garcia, U., Benito-Vicente, A., Jebari, S., Larrea-Sebal, A., Siddiqi, H., Uribe, K. B., Ostolaza, H., & Martín, C. (2020). Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of molecular sciences,21(17).https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176275Haque, W. Z., Demidowich, A. P., Sidhaye, A., Golden, S. H., & Zilbermint, M. (2021). The financial impact of an inpatient diabetes management service.Current Diabetes Reports,21(2), 1-9.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-020-01374-0Husdal, R., Adolfsson, E. T., Leksell, J., & Nordgren, L. (2021). Diabetes care provided by national standards can improve patients’ self‐management skills: A qualitative study of how people with type 2 diabetes perceive primary diabetes care.Health Expectations,24(3), 1000-1008.https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.13247Liu, F., Li, J., Li, X., Yang, Z., Wang, W., Zhao, L., Wu, T., Huang, C., & Xu, Y. (2024). Efficacy of telemedicine intervention in the self-management of patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in Public Health,12(2024).https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1405770NURS-FPX4900__MolinaDagmari_Assessment1.docxThis file is too large to display.View in new windowNURS-FPX4900__MolinaDagmari_Assessment1.docxThis file is too large to display.View in new windowASSESSMENT4.docxDevelop an intervention (your capstone project), as a solution to the patient, family, or population problem you’ve defined. Submit the proposed intervention to the faculty for review and approval. This solution needs to be implemented (shared) with your patient, family, or group. You are not to share your intervention with your patient, family, or group or move on to Assessment 5 before your faculty reviews/approves the solution you submit in Assessment 4. In a separate written deliverable, write a 5–7 page analysis of your intervention.instructionsIn your first three assessments, you applied new knowledge and insight gleaned from the literature, from organizational data, and from direct consultation with the patient, family, or group (and perhaps with subject matter and industry experts) to your assessment of the problem. You’ve examined the problem from the perspectives of leadership, collaboration, communication, change management, policy, quality of care, patient safety, costs to the system and individual, technology, care coordination, and community resources. Now it’s time to turn your attention to proposing an intervention (your capstone project), as a solution to the problem.preparationIn this assessment, you’ll develop an intervention as a solution to the health problem you’ve defined. To prepare for the assessment, think about an appropriate intervention, based on your work in the preceding assessments, that will produce tangible, measurable results for the patient, family, or group. In addition, you might consider using a root cause analysis to explore the underlying reasons for a problem and as the basis for developing and implementing an action plan to address the problem. Some appropriate interventions include the following:· Creating an educational brochure.· Producing an educational voice-over PowerPoint presentation or video focusing on your topic.· Creating a teaching plan for your patient, family, or group.· Recommending work process or workflow changes addressing your topic.Plan to spend at least 3 direct practicum hours working with the same patient, family, or group.In addition, you may wish to complete the following:· Review the assessment instructions and scoring guide to ensure that you understand the work you will be asked to complete and how it will be assessed.· Conduct sufficient research of the scholarly and professional literature to inform your work and meet scholarly expectations for supporting evidence.Note: As you revise your writing, check out the resources listed on the Writing Center’sWriting Supportpage.INSTRUCTIONSComplete this assessment in two parts: (a) develop an intervention as a solution to the problem and (b) submit your proposed intervention, with a written analysis, to your faculty for review and approval.Part 1Develop an intervention, as a solution to the problem, based on your assessment and supported by data and scholarly, evidence-based sources.Incorporate relevant aspects of the following considerations that shaped your understanding of the problem:· Leadership.· Collaboration.· Communication.· Change management.· Policy.· Quality of care.· Patient safety.· Costs to the system and individual.· Technology.· Care coordination.· Community resources.Part 2Submit your proposed intervention to your faculty for review and approval.In a separate written deliverable, write a 5–7 page analysis of your intervention.· Summarize the patient, family, or population problem.· Explain why you selected this problem as the focus of your project.· Explain why the problem is relevant to your professional practice and to the patient, family, or group.In addition, address the requirements outlined below. These requirements correspond to the scoring guide criteria for this assessment, so be sure to address each main point. Read the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed. In addition, note the additional requirements for document format and length and for supporting evidence.· Define the role of leadership and change management in addressing the problem.· Explain how leadership and change management strategies influenced the development of your proposed intervention.· Explain how nursing ethics informed the development of your proposed intervention.· Include a copy of the intervention/solution/professional product.· Propose strategies for communicating and collaborating with the patient, family, or group to improve outcomes associated with the problem.· Identify the patient, family, or group.· Discuss the benefits of gathering their input to improve care associated with the problem.· Identify best-practice strategies from the literature for effective communication and collaboration to improve outcomes.· Explain how state board nursing practice standards and/or organizational or governmental policies guided the development of your proposed intervention.· Cite the standards and/or policies that guided your work.· Describe research that has tested the effectiveness of these standards and/or policies in improving outcomes for this problem.· Explain how your proposed intervention will improve the quality of care, enhance patient safety, and reduce costs to the system and individual.· Cite evidence from the literature that supports your conclusions.· Identify relevant and available sources of benchmark data on care quality, patient safety, and costs to the system and individual.· Explain how technology, care coordination, and the utilization of community resources can be applied in addressing the problem.· Cite evidence from the literature that supports your conclusions.· Write concisely and directly, using active voice.· Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references.Additional Requirements·Format: Format the written analysis of your intervention using APA style.APA Style Paper Tutorial [DOCX]is provided to help you in writing and formatting your paper. Be sure to include:· A title page and reference page. An abstract is not required.· Appropriate section headings.·Length: Your paper should be approximately 5–7 pages in length, not including the reference page.·Supporting evidence: Cite at least five sources of scholarly or professional evidence that support your central ideas. Resources should be no more than five years old. Provide in-text citations and references in APA format.·Proofreading: Proofread your paper, before you submit it, to minimize errors that could distract readers and make it more difficult for them to focus on its substance.NURS-FPX4900__MolinaDagmari_Assessment2.docxAssessment 2: Assessing the Problem: Quality, Safety, and Cost ConsiderationsDagmari MolinaCapella UniversityNURS-FPX4900Professor Sabrina Pope09/16/20242Assessment 2: Assessing the Problem: Quality, Safety, and Cost ConsiderationsPart 1Type 2 Diabetes is a chronic, progressive condition that poses significant challenges to healthcare systems and individual well-being. Initially, the condition is characterized by insulin resistance and eventually, the pancreas is unable to produce sufficient insulin, resulting in high concentrations of glucose in the blood (Galicia-Garcia et al., 2020). Type 2 Diabetes affects millions of people worldwide, especially those from underserved and ethnic minority populations. The condition not only requires continuous management to prevent complications but also has far-reaching effects on the quality of care, patient safety, and healthcare costs. This paper explores the impact of Type 2 Diabetes on healthcare quality, safety, and costs, focusing on the case of Omari Michaelson. Additionally, the paper will assess how nursing standards, organizational policies, and leadership strategies can be leveraged to improve outcomes, reduce complications, and mitigate costs associated with the condition.Impact of Type 2 Diabetes on Care Quality, Patient Safety and Care CostsType 2 Diabetes significantly impacts the quality of care, patient safety, and healthcare costs for both individuals and the broader healthcare system. Patients like Omari Michaelson, who face challenges in adhering to medication and lifestyle changes, often experience poor glycemic control, which increases the risk of complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease (Galicia-Garcia et al., 2020). These complications require continuous and specialized care which compromises overall quality as it increases the demand for healthcare services. In addition, the need for specialized care increases the risk of care fragmentation especially in underserved populations, which leads to inconsistent diabetes management and delayed interventions, further decreasing the quality of care (Chehal et al., 2022).In terms of patient safety, unmanaged Type 2 Diabetes increases the likelihood of adverse events such as hypoglycemia, falls, and infection, which can result in emergency interventions, hospitalizations and mortality (Dhatariya et al., 2020). Medication errors due to incorrect insulin administration are common among Type 2 Diabetes patients and can result in life-threatening consequences. In addition, patient safety can also be endangered due medication errors resulting from incorrect dosages, interactions and reactions to other medications for managing the condition. Per Dhatariya et al. (2020), individuals with diabetes are also more susceptible to safety issues such as diabetic ketoacidosis, a higher mortality risk, and hospital-acquired foot ulcers due to disparities in access to care and timely treatment. These safety issues align with my nursing experience, where Type 2 Diabetes patients frequently face issues related to improper medication use and delayed care, especially those from lower socio-economic backgrounds.The costs of managing Type 2 Diabetes are high for both individuals and the healthcare system. Individuals incur costs related to medications, frequent doctor visits, lower productivity, missed work days, and treatments for complications. For the healthcare system, diabetes management drives up costs due to increased hospitalizations, longer stays, and emergency treatments. According to Haque et al. (2021), the US healthcare system spends $327 billion on diabetes care per year, with 30% of this amount being spent on inpatient care and a similar percentage on medications for diabetes complications. The high cost of care associated with the condition is attributed to the fact that the likelihood of hospitalization among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes is three times higher than that of patients without chronic illnesses (Haque et al., 2021). Furthermore, as Chehal et al. (2022) assert, the burden of diabetes-related complications among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups is high, contributing to rising healthcare expenditures. In my practice, I consistently observe the financial strain on Type 2 Diabetes patients, especially those with limited resources as they struggle to afford medications and treatments, further worsening their health outcomes.State Board Nursing Practice Standards And/or Organizational or Governmental PoliciesState board nursing practice standards and organizational or governmental policies play a crucial role in shaping how Type 2 Diabetes management impacts care quality, patient safety, and healthcare costs. State boards regulate the nursing practice to ensure that they maintain competency in providing evidence-based care, including patient education on diabetes management, medication adherence, and monitoring. Using these standardized protocols directly influences care quality by ensuring that nurses are properly trained to recognize and address diabetes-related complications and apply dietary and lifestyle recommendations to improve glycemic control (Aldahmashi et al., 2024). Organizational policies that align with national standards for diabetes care also affect patient safety by enhancing self-management among patients, improving their outcomes (Husdal et al., 2021). In addition, governmental policies such as the Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded access to preventive services, improving diabetes management by reducing disparities in care, thereby decreasing long-term costs to individuals and the healthcare system (Chehal et al., 2022)​. These policies will guide my actions during the practicum by ensuring that I focus on patient education, accurate medication administration, and timely monitoring to improve outcomes and reduce the need for costly emergency interventions. They will also guide my actions in nursing practice by providing a framework for delivering consistent, evidence-based care.Local, state, and federal policies significantly influence the scope of nursing practice, particularly in managing chronic conditions like Type 2 Diabetes. For instance, state regulations may limit or expand the roles nurses can play in diabetes care management, such as prescribing medication or conducting patient education sessions. Federal policies like Medicare reimbursement rules also affect care delivery by influencing what services are covered, thus impacting the accessibility of diabetes care for patients. These policies allow for more integrated and preventive approaches to managing chronic diseases like diabetes. Therefore, the help ensure that nurses can provide comprehensive care that improves patient safety, care quality, and reduces overall healthcare costs (Chehal et al., 2022).Strategies for Improving Care Quality, Enhancing Patient Safety, and Reducing CostsSeveral strategies can be employed to improve the quality of care, enhance patient safety, and reduce healthcare costs for individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. First, implementing patient-centered education programs that focus on self-management is key. Educating patients like Mr. Omari on how to monitor blood glucose, adhere to medication, properly titrate and administer insulin, and make lifestyle changes significantly improves care quality and reduces the likelihood of complications. According to Dhatariya et al. (2020), patients who participate in diabetes education programs are more likely to maintain optimal blood glucose levels, leading to fewer complications and reduced emergency care costs. Therefore, the effectiveness of this strategy is supported by literature.Additionally, leveraging telehealth solutions such as telemedicine and mobile health apps can provide ongoing support and monitoring to help patients stay engaged with their care plans. In addition, such interventions help promote adherence to proper insulin and medication recommendations, improving patient safety and reducing hospital (Liu et al., 2024). Liu et el. (2024) demonstrate that patients who receive regular follow-ups through telemedicine interventions experience better outcomes, including reduced HbA1c levels, better weight control, improved blood pressure control and fewer instances of severe hypoglycemia. These improved outcomes ultimately lower healthcare costs by preventing acute care episodes. Another strategy is strengthening interdisciplinary care teams by enhancing collaboration among nurses, dietitians, and endocrinologists to improve care coordination and patient outcomes while reducing redundant treatments and costs.Relevant and available sources of benchmark data on care quality, patient safety, and healthcare costs can be accessed through databases such as the National Diabetes Statistics Report provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to track national diabetes prevalence and outcomes. The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) also provides data on hospitalization rates and healthcare costs associated with diabetes complications. Additionally, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) offers data on patient safety measures and quality benchmarks, which can be used to evaluate how well healthcare systems are managing chronic conditions like diabetes. These data sources provide critical benchmarks for assessing the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving care quality, enhancing patient safety, and reducing costs for individuals and the healthcare system.Part 2During my first 2 practicum hours, I met with Omari Michaelson, a 58-year-old man living with Type 2 Diabetes, and his family in their home. Omari has been struggling with managing his condition, and his family expressed concern over his inconsistent medication adherence and unhealthy dietary habits. They highlighted how his work schedule and caregiver responsibilities for his aging mother made it difficult for him to prioritize his own health. From this meeting, I learned that the family’s support could play a crucial role in improving his adherence to a healthier lifestyle. They were willing to learn more about how they could help, but they were unsure of the most effective ways to do so.During the meeting, I reviewed evidence-based practice (EBP) documents including guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and materials on diabetes self-management education. These resources emphasized the importance of patient education, family involvement, and routine follow-up care in managing Type 2 Diabetes. From the review, I learned that a team-based approach that includes regular patient monitoring, education on meal planning, and family support and involvement is critical for successful diabetes management. The ADA guidelines highlighted how empowering patients through education can improve glycemic control and reduce complications, which supported my plan to focus on patient-centered education and family collaboration.During the meeting, I used leadership and communication skills to explain the significance of Omari’s condition and the importance of lifestyle modifications. I explored how we could collaborate as a team to support Omari’s care, and I emphasized the urgency of improving his glycemic control to prevent future complications. Although there was initial resistance from Omari due to the time commitment for exercise and meal planning, I addressed this barrier by involving his family in the conversation. The family agreed to help him with some of his caregiving and family responsibilities to allow him time for exercise. They also agreed to change their diet and to support Omari, as well as joining him for exercise. I also used change management strategies such as breaking the process down into small, manageable steps and encouraging gradual changes instead of overwhelming them with information. This approach helped shift the family’s perspective, and they ultimately agreed on the importance of addressing the issue. I did not need to redefine the problem, but I adjusted my approach to focus more on small, incremental changes. Looking back, I could have used more visual aids such as charts or infographics to further explain the risks of unmanaged diabetes.ReferencesAldahmashi, H., Maneze, D., Molloy, L., & Salamonson, Y. (2024). Nurses’ adoption of diabetes clinical practice guidelines in primary care and the impacts on patient outcomes and safety: An integrative review.International Journal of Nursing Studies,154, 104747.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104747Chehal, P. K., Selvin, E., DeVoe, J. E., Mangione, C. M., & Ali, M. K. (2022). Diabetes and the fragmented state of US health care and policy.Health Affairs,41(7), 939-946.https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00299Dhatariya, K., Mustafa, O. G., & Rayman, G. (2020). Safe care for people with diabetes in hospital.Clinical Medicine,20(1), 21-27.https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2019-0255Galicia-Garcia, U., Benito-Vicente, A., Jebari, S., Larrea-Sebal, A., Siddiqi, H., Uribe, K. B., Ostolaza, H., & Martín, C. (2020). Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of molecular sciences,21(17).https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176275Haque, W. Z., Demidowich, A. P., Sidhaye, A., Golden, S. H., & Zilbermint, M. (2021). The financial impact of an inpatient diabetes management service.Current Diabetes Reports,21(2), 1-9.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-020-01374-0Husdal, R., Adolfsson, E. T., Leksell, J., & Nordgren, L. (2021). Diabetes care provided by national standards can improve patients’ self‐management skills: A qualitative study of how people with type 2 diabetes perceive primary diabetes care.Health Expectations,24(3), 1000-1008.https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.13247Liu, F., Li, J., Li, X., Yang, Z., Wang, W., Zhao, L., Wu, T., Huang, C., & Xu, Y. (2024). Efficacy of telemedicine intervention in the self-management of patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in Public Health,12(2024).https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1405770NURS-FPX4900__MolinaDagmari_Assessment1.docxThis file is too large to display.View in new windowASSESSMENT4.docxDevelop an intervention (your capstone project), as a solution to the patient, family, or population problem you’ve defined. Submit the proposed intervention to the faculty for review and approval. This solution needs to be implemented (shared) with your patient, family, or group. You are not to share your intervention with your patient, family, or group or move on to Assessment 5 before your faculty reviews/approves the solution you submit in Assessment 4. In a separate written deliverable, write a 5–7 page analysis of your intervention.instructionsIn your first three assessments, you applied new knowledge and insight gleaned from the literature, from organizational data, and from direct consultation with the patient, family, or group (and perhaps with subject matter and industry experts) to your assessment of the problem. You’ve examined the problem from the perspectives of leadership, collaboration, communication, change management, policy, quality of care, patient safety, costs to the system and individual, technology, care coordination, and community resources. Now it’s time to turn your attention to proposing an intervention (your capstone project), as a solution to the problem.preparationIn this assessment, you’ll develop an intervention as a solution to the health problem you’ve defined. To prepare for the assessment, think about an appropriate intervention, based on your work in the preceding assessments, that will produce tangible, measurable results for the patient, family, or group. In addition, you might consider using a root cause analysis to explore the underlying reasons for a problem and as the basis for developing and implementing an action plan to address the problem. Some appropriate interventions include the following:· Creating an educational brochure.· Producing an educational voice-over PowerPoint presentation or video focusing on your topic.· Creating a teaching plan for your patient, family, or group.· Recommending work process or workflow changes addressing your topic.Plan to spend at least 3 direct practicum hours working with the same patient, family, or group.In addition, you may wish to complete the following:· Review the assessment instructions and scoring guide to ensure that you understand the work you will be asked to complete and how it will be assessed.· Conduct sufficient research of the scholarly and professional literature to inform your work and meet scholarly expectations for supporting evidence.Note: As you revise your writing, check out the resources listed on the Writing Center’sWriting Supportpage.INSTRUCTIONSComplete this assessment in two parts: (a) develop an intervention as a solution to the problem and (b) submit your proposed intervention, with a written analysis, to your faculty for review and approval.Part 1Develop an intervention, as a solution to the problem, based on your assessment and supported by data and scholarly, evidence-based sources.Incorporate relevant aspects of the following considerations that shaped your understanding of the problem:· Leadership.· Collaboration.· Communication.· Change management.· Policy.· Quality of care.· Patient safety.· Costs to the system and individual.· Technology.· Care coordination.· Community resources.Part 2Submit your proposed intervention to your faculty for review and approval.In a separate written deliverable, write a 5–7 page analysis of your intervention.· Summarize the patient, family, or population problem.· Explain why you selected this problem as the focus of your project.· Explain why the problem is relevant to your professional practice and to the patient, family, or group.In addition, address the requirements outlined below. These requirements correspond to the scoring guide criteria for this assessment, so be sure to address each main point. Read the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed. In addition, note the additional requirements for document format and length and for supporting evidence.· Define the role of leadership and change management in addressing the problem.· Explain how leadership and change management strategies influenced the development of your proposed intervention.· Explain how nursing ethics informed the development of your proposed intervention.· Include a copy of the intervention/solution/professional product.· Propose strategies for communicating and collaborating with the patient, family, or group to improve outcomes associated with the problem.· Identify the patient, family, or group.· Discuss the benefits of gathering their input to improve care associated with the problem.· Identify best-practice strategies from the literature for effective communication and collaboration to improve outcomes.· Explain how state board nursing practice standards and/or organizational or governmental policies guided the development of your proposed intervention.· Cite the standards and/or policies that guided your work.· Describe research that has tested the effectiveness of these standards and/or policies in improving outcomes for this problem.· Explain how your proposed intervention will improve the quality of care, enhance patient safety, and reduce costs to the system and individual.· Cite evidence from the literature that supports your conclusions.· Identify relevant and available sources of benchmark data on care quality, patient safety, and costs to the system and individual.· Explain how technology, care coordination, and the utilization of community resources can be applied in addressing the problem.· Cite evidence from the literature that supports your conclusions.· Write concisely and directly, using active voice.· Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references.Additional Requirements·Format: Format the written analysis of your intervention using APA style.APA Style Paper Tutorial [DOCX]is provided to help you in writing and formatting your paper. Be sure to include:· A title page and reference page. An abstract is not required.· Appropriate section headings.·Length: Your paper should be approximately 5–7 pages in length, not including the reference page.·Supporting evidence: Cite at least five sources of scholarly or professional evidence that support your central ideas. Resources should be no more than five years old. Provide in-text citations and references in APA format.·Proofreading: Proofread your paper, before you submit it, to minimize errors that could distract readers and make it more difficult for them to focus on its substance.NURS-FPX4900__MolinaDagmari_Assessment2.docxAssessment 2: Assessing the Problem: Quality, Safety, and Cost ConsiderationsDagmari MolinaCapella UniversityNURS-FPX4900Professor Sabrina Pope09/16/20242Assessment 2: Assessing the Problem: Quality, Safety, and Cost ConsiderationsPart 1Type 2 Diabetes is a chronic, progressive condition that poses significant challenges to healthcare systems and individual well-being. Initially, the condition is characterized by insulin resistance and eventually, the pancreas is unable to produce sufficient insulin, resulting in high concentrations of glucose in the blood (Galicia-Garcia et al., 2020). Type 2 Diabetes affects millions of people worldwide, especially those from underserved and ethnic minority populations. The condition not only requires continuous management to prevent complications but also has far-reaching effects on the quality of care, patient safety, and healthcare costs. This paper explores the impact of Type 2 Diabetes on healthcare quality, safety, and costs, focusing on the case of Omari Michaelson. Additionally, the paper will assess how nursing standards, organizational policies, and leadership strategies can be leveraged to improve outcomes, reduce complications, and mitigate costs associated with the condition.Impact of Type 2 Diabetes on Care Quality, Patient Safety and Care CostsType 2 Diabetes significantly impacts the quality of care, patient safety, and healthcare costs for both individuals and the broader healthcare system. Patients like Omari Michaelson, who face challenges in adhering to medication and lifestyle changes, often experience poor glycemic control, which increases the risk of complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease (Galicia-Garcia et al., 2020). These complications require continuous and specialized care which compromises overall quality as it increases the demand for healthcare services. In addition, the need for specialized care increases the risk of care fragmentation especially in underserved populations, which leads to inconsistent diabetes management and delayed interventions, further decreasing the quality of care (Chehal et al., 2022).In terms of patient safety, unmanaged Type 2 Diabetes increases the likelihood of adverse events such as hypoglycemia, falls, and infection, which can result in emergency interventions, hospitalizations and mortality (Dhatariya et al., 2020). Medication errors due to incorrect insulin administration are common among Type 2 Diabetes patients and can result in life-threatening consequences. In addition, patient safety can also be endangered due medication errors resulting from incorrect dosages, interactions and reactions to other medications for managing the condition. Per Dhatariya et al. (2020), individuals with diabetes are also more susceptible to safety issues such as diabetic ketoacidosis, a higher mortality risk, and hospital-acquired foot ulcers due to disparities in access to care and timely treatment. These safety issues align with my nursing experience, where Type 2 Diabetes patients frequently face issues related to improper medication use and delayed care, especially those from lower socio-economic backgrounds.The costs of managing Type 2 Diabetes are high for both individuals and the healthcare system. Individuals incur costs related to medications, frequent doctor visits, lower productivity, missed work days, and treatments for complications. For the healthcare system, diabetes management drives up costs due to increased hospitalizations, longer stays, and emergency treatments. According to Haque et al. (2021), the US healthcare system spends $327 billion on diabetes care per year, with 30% of this amount being spent on inpatient care and a similar percentage on medications for diabetes complications. The high cost of care associated with the condition is attributed to the fact that the likelihood of hospitalization among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes is three times higher than that of patients without chronic illnesses (Haque et al., 2021). Furthermore, as Chehal et al. (2022) assert, the burden of diabetes-related complications among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups is high, contributing to rising healthcare expenditures. In my practice, I consistently observe the financial strain on Type 2 Diabetes patients, especially those with limited resources as they struggle to afford medications and treatments, further worsening their health outcomes.State Board Nursing Practice Standards And/or Organizational or Governmental PoliciesState board nursing practice standards and organizational or governmental policies play a crucial role in shaping how Type 2 Diabetes management impacts care quality, patient safety, and healthcare costs. State boards regulate the nursing practice to ensure that they maintain competency in providing evidence-based care, including patient education on diabetes management, medication adherence, and monitoring. Using these standardized protocols directly influences care quality by ensuring that nurses are properly trained to recognize and address diabetes-related complications and apply dietary and lifestyle recommendations to improve glycemic control (Aldahmashi et al., 2024). Organizational policies that align with national standards for diabetes care also affect patient safety by enhancing self-management among patients, improving their outcomes (Husdal et al., 2021). In addition, governmental policies such as the Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded access to preventive services, improving diabetes management by reducing disparities in care, thereby decreasing long-term costs to individuals and the healthcare system (Chehal et al., 2022)​. These policies will guide my actions during the practicum by ensuring that I focus on patient education, accurate medication administration, and timely monitoring to improve outcomes and reduce the need for costly emergency interventions. They will also guide my actions in nursing practice by providing a framework for delivering consistent, evidence-based care.Local, state, and federal policies significantly influence the scope of nursing practice, particularly in managing chronic conditions like Type 2 Diabetes. For instance, state regulations may limit or expand the roles nurses can play in diabetes care management, such as prescribing medication or conducting patient education sessions. Federal policies like Medicare reimbursement rules also affect care delivery by influencing what services are covered, thus impacting the accessibility of diabetes care for patients. These policies allow for more integrated and preventive approaches to managing chronic diseases like diabetes. Therefore, the help ensure that nurses can provide comprehensive care that improves patient safety, care quality, and reduces overall healthcare costs (Chehal et al., 2022).Strategies for Improving Care Quality, Enhancing Patient Safety, and Reducing CostsSeveral strategies can be employed to improve the quality of care, enhance patient safety, and reduce healthcare costs for individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. First, implementing patient-centered education programs that focus on self-management is key. Educating patients like Mr. Omari on how to monitor blood glucose, adhere to medication, properly titrate and administer insulin, and make lifestyle changes significantly improves care quality and reduces the likelihood of complications. According to Dhatariya et al. (2020), patients who participate in diabetes education programs are more likely to maintain optimal blood glucose levels, leading to fewer complications and reduced emergency care costs. Therefore, the effectiveness of this strategy is supported by literature.Additionally, leveraging telehealth solutions such as telemedicine and mobile health apps can provide ongoing support and monitoring to help patients stay engaged with their care plans. In addition, such interventions help promote adherence to proper insulin and medication recommendations, improving patient safety and reducing hospital (Liu et al., 2024). Liu et el. (2024) demonstrate that patients who receive regular follow-ups through telemedicine interventions experience better outcomes, including reduced HbA1c levels, better weight control, improved blood pressure control and fewer instances of severe hypoglycemia. These improved outcomes ultimately lower healthcare costs by preventing acute care episodes. Another strategy is strengthening interdisciplinary care teams by enhancing collaboration among nurses, dietitians, and endocrinologists to improve care coordination and patient outcomes while reducing redundant treatments and costs.Relevant and available sources of benchmark data on care quality, patient safety, and healthcare costs can be accessed through databases such as the National Diabetes Statistics Report provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to track national diabetes prevalence and outcomes. The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) also provides data on hospitalization rates and healthcare costs associated with diabetes complications. Additionally, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) offers data on patient safety measures and quality benchmarks, which can be used to evaluate how well healthcare systems are managing chronic conditions like diabetes. These data sources provide critical benchmarks for assessing the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving care quality, enhancing patient safety, and reducing costs for individuals and the healthcare system.Part 2During my first 2 practicum hours, I met with Omari Michaelson, a 58-year-old man living with Type 2 Diabetes, and his family in their home. Omari has been struggling with managing his condition, and his family expressed concern over his inconsistent medication adherence and unhealthy dietary habits. They highlighted how his work schedule and caregiver responsibilities for his aging mother made it difficult for him to prioritize his own health. From this meeting, I learned that the family’s support could play a crucial role in improving his adherence to a healthier lifestyle. They were willing to learn more about how they could help, but they were unsure of the most effective ways to do so.During the meeting, I reviewed evidence-based practice (EBP) documents including guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and materials on diabetes self-management education. These resources emphasized the importance of patient education, family involvement, and routine follow-up care in managing Type 2 Diabetes. From the review, I learned that a team-based approach that includes regular patient monitoring, education on meal planning, and family support and involvement is critical for successful diabetes management. The ADA guidelines highlighted how empowering patients through education can improve glycemic control and reduce complications, which supported my plan to focus on patient-centered education and family collaboration.During the meeting, I used leadership and communication skills to explain the significance of Omari’s condition and the importance of lifestyle modifications. I explored how we could collaborate as a team to support Omari’s care, and I emphasized the urgency of improving his glycemic control to prevent future complications. Although there was initial resistance from Omari due to the time commitment for exercise and meal planning, I addressed this barrier by involving his family in the conversation. The family agreed to help him with some of his caregiving and family responsibilities to allow him time for exercise. They also agreed to change their diet and to support Omari, as well as joining him for exercise. I also used change management strategies such as breaking the process down into small, manageable steps and encouraging gradual changes instead of overwhelming them with information. This approach helped shift the family’s perspective, and they ultimately agreed on the importance of addressing the issue. I did not need to redefine the problem, but I adjusted my approach to focus more on small, incremental changes. Looking back, I could have used more visual aids such as charts or infographics to further explain the risks of unmanaged diabetes.ReferencesAldahmashi, H., Maneze, D., Molloy, L., & Salamonson, Y. (2024). Nurses’ adoption of diabetes clinical practice guidelines in primary care and the impacts on patient outcomes and safety: An integrative review.International Journal of Nursing Studies,154, 104747.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104747Chehal, P. K., Selvin, E., DeVoe, J. E., Mangione, C. M., & Ali, M. K. (2022). Diabetes and the fragmented state of US health care and policy.Health Affairs,41(7), 939-946.https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00299Dhatariya, K., Mustafa, O. G., & Rayman, G. (2020). Safe care for people with diabetes in hospital.Clinical Medicine,20(1), 21-27.https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2019-0255Galicia-Garcia, U., Benito-Vicente, A., Jebari, S., Larrea-Sebal, A., Siddiqi, H., Uribe, K. B., Ostolaza, H., & Martín, C. (2020). Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of molecular sciences,21(17).https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176275Haque, W. Z., Demidowich, A. P., Sidhaye, A., Golden, S. H., & Zilbermint, M. (2021). The financial impact of an inpatient diabetes management service.Current Diabetes Reports,21(2), 1-9.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-020-01374-0Husdal, R., Adolfsson, E. T., Leksell, J., & Nordgren, L. (2021). Diabetes care provided by national standards can improve patients’ self‐management skills: A qualitative study of how people with type 2 diabetes perceive primary diabetes care.Health Expectations,24(3), 1000-1008.https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.13247Liu, F., Li, J., Li, X., Yang, Z., Wang, W., Zhao, L., Wu, T., Huang, C., & Xu, Y. (2024). Efficacy of telemedicine intervention in the self-management of patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in Public Health,12(2024).https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1405770NURS-FPX4900__MolinaDagmari_Assessment1.docxThis file is too large to display.View in new window123Bids(65)Miss DeannaDr. Ellen RMDr. Aylin JMnicohwilliamProf Double RProf. TOPGRADEEmily ClareDr. Sarah Blakefirstclass tutorDr. Freya WalkerMUSYOKIONES A+Dr ClovergrA+de plusSheryl HoganProWritingGuruDr. Everleigh_JKColeen AndersonIsabella HarvardBrilliant GeekTutor Cyrus KenShow All Bidsother Questions(10)EE AssignmentOperations Improvement Plan Implementationwhat is the main idea of quotations by Washington’s Chief of EngineersFor A-plus WriterBIO-101 what is lifeI1Unit 7 Assignment: Creating Healthy Communities WorksheetDeltaresponse about article

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