Name: Date:

1. Where did a sizable group of newly freed blacks settle after the Revolutionary War? A) Massachusetts B) Africa C) Nova Scotia D) England

2. What happened to British military expenditures from 1775 to l7g2? A) They declined fl.om $4 million to $2 million. B) They stayed steady at $4 million. C) They rose from $4 million to $8 million. D) They rose from $4 million to $20 million.

3. Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense was an important publication during this era of conflict between Britain and the colonies because it A) called for people to use their common sense and not break from Britain. B) called for people to use their common sense and establish independence. C) embraced both religious and scientific justifications for independence. D) embraced both religious and scientific justification for colonization.

4. In 1775, rvhat challenge did George V/ashington face in trying to amass an anny to figlrt the British? A) The British were more asfirte recruiters. B) He lacked the authority to do so. C) The Massachusetts minutemen were against him. D) He was more comfortable as a politician than commander of an army

5. Who brutally killed Shawnee chief Cornstalk after refusing to respect his commitment to neutrality in the war? A) A neighboring hibe leader B) American soldiers C) British soldiers D) Unknown renegades hired by one side

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6. What strategy did General Washington deploy to prevent General William Howe from capturing Philadelphia? A) Full-frontal attack B) Counterattack on New York City C) Ambush by a local Indian tribe D) Small attacks along the way

7. How long did it take for the Articles of Confederation, drafted in 1777, to be approved by all thirteen states? A) Three years B) One year C) Three rnonths D) One month

8. Why did the king and Parliament refuse to compromise or negotiate with the patriot leaders of the colonies? A) They knew they had a stronger military force. B) The patriots were unwilling to sail to England to meet them. C) The patriots rejected their earlier peace efforts. D) They viewed the colonists as out of line and in open rebellion.

9. Armed clashes in 1775 between British soldiers and which group of people fueled the argument for independence? A) Local farmers B) Impressed seamen C) Massachusetts militiamen D) Virginia slaves

10. Why were Massachusetts militiamen who fought against the first British attack referred to as the minutemen? A) They defeated the British very quickly. B) They were quick to report the news to the press. C) They lost to the British very quickly. D) They assembled to fight very quickly.

11. What region lagged behind the others in providing opportunities for public education for children before the Revolution? A) Northeast B) Mid-Atlantic C) West D) South

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12. What was Thomas Jefferson’s opinion of the nation’s extensive frontiers? A) It was untamed wilderness firll of potential problems. B) Indian territories were to be respected. C) It was key to future national development. D) It was viewed as a source of very expensive conflicts and thus to be avoided.

13. How did President Thomas Jefferson create a vibrant social culture in Washington, D.C.? A) He was the first president to free his slaves. B) Congressmen were required to live in the city year-round. C) He authorized the creation of important cultural institutions. D) He opened the White House to visitors regularly.

14. What act or case determined that the Supreme Court had the authority to decide if federal laws were constifutional? A) Marburyv. Madison B) McCullochv. Maryland C) Judiciary Act D) Mmshall Act

15. Where was the capital city prior to the construction ofthe new capital in Washington, D.C.? A) Boston B) New York C) Philadelphia D) Charleston

16. The technological advancements in the production of clothing meant the typical southem plantation mi stess A) continued to do much of her work herself as a way to maintain her domestic

authority, only employing others for cooking and cleaning. B) maintained control over food preparation while delegating more tedious tasks

related to weavingo spinning, and sewing to servants and slaves. C) increasingly served as domestic matragers and divided the tasks of clothing

production and other household duties {unong her servants and slaves. D) primarily ordered premade clothing and precut fabric from the recently established

factories in northem cities, the most convenient option.

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17. New England merchants responded to the Embargo Act of 1807 A) with support because they saw it as a way to punish Great Britain. B) by opposing it in spirit but complying in practice as a sign of national unity. C) by opposing it and seeking to have Jefferson removed from office. D) by opposing it and attempting to smuggle goods tluough Canada.

18. How did the Embargo Act undermine Jefferson’s reputation as a strong Democratic- Republican? A) Despite years of support from both farmers and merchants, the Embargo Act made

JefFerson unpopular. B) Jefferson became a Federalist after being rejected by Democratic-Republicans. C) Jefferson’s Democratic-Republican views were contradicted by the Embargo Act. D) Jefferson was no longer heralded as a hero who fathered the American republic.

19. What university established the nation’s first medical school? A) The University of Penusylvania B) Yale University C) Harvard University D) ColumbiaUniversity

20. Napoleon wanted to unload the entire Louisiana Territory on the United States because A) Jefferson offered him a price he couldn’t refuse. B) his defeat in Haiti had soured him on the Americas. C) he thought it would resolve the conflict with the Indians along the U.S. border. D) the French Revolution required all of his a$ention.

21. What caused economic hardship for some of the wealthiest planters in Virginia in the 1810s and 1820s? A) The end of the slave trade drove the cost of slaves through the roof, B) Tobacco and other cash crops were not as valuable anymore. C) The soil was exhausted, limiting its productive capacrty. D) Many went into debt purchasing luxury imported goods they could not afford.

22. Whatpolicy approved by Congress promoted racist legislation at the state and federal level? A) Denial of black suffrage B) Continuation of racial slavery C) Restrictions on black officeholders D) Separate legal codes for blacks

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23. How did Congress ensure U.S. merchants could use an ancient Indian trail from Missouri to Santa Fe in the 1820s? A) They negotiated a treaty with Indians for access to the trail. B) They took over land on either side oftlre tail, securing its access. C) They approved the use of armed guards to escort taders. D) They approved the capture of any Indian who threatened to block a trader.

24. Inthe early nineteenth century, women showed their party loyalties during the many public political celebrations by A) carrying party flags. B) encouraging ofher women to vote for theirparty. C) refusing to socialize with women from other parties. D) sewing a symbol into their clothing.

25. What two new parties were formed from the Democratic-Republicans when they broke rrp over the election of 1824? A) Democrats and National Republicans B) Democrats and Republicans C) National Democrats and Republicans D) National Republicans and Democratic Socialists

26. Whatposition did whites in Missouri take on the issue of slavery in 1819? A) Abolish it completely B) Gradually abolish it C) Defend the institution D) Abolish and defend it

27. Whattopic concemed most serious battles in Congress during Adams’s presidency? A) Election laws B) Political parties C) Taritrs D) National debt

28. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830, and in response the Cherokee A) accepted it because they realized they could never defeat the U.S. military. B) refused to accept the terms of the act and fouglrt back. C) accepted it because it granted thern’oclear title forevet” on other tenitory. D) didn’t even know what the act entailed because they were not informed.

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29. What was the significance of the Missouri Compromise? A) Missouri was ceded to the Cherokee for ten years. B) It abolished slavery in Missouri. C) The crisis of conflict between North and South was ended. D) It sparked the Civil War.

30. Southem senators blocked Maine’s admission to statehood because Maine A) represented the interests ofNew England elite merchants. B) refused to recognize the separation of church and state. C) would have given more power in the Senate to free states. D) wanted to intoduce slavery and would be the only northern state to do so.

31. What caused the Second Seminole War in the 1830s? A) White settlers opened fire on Seminole Indians, against terms of the Indian

Removal Act. B) The Seminole and the Cherokee fought over lucrative land along the Mississippi

River. C) The U.S. military forcibly removed Seminoles from their land. D) The Seminole Indians attacked white sefflers who came to take their land.

32. The relationship between yeomen farmers and neighboring plantation owners was that they were A) generally friendly but economically independent of each other. B) hostile neighbors and economic competitors. C) often relatives who tried not to mix business with family. D) often related to one another with the farrrers relying on the plantation owners.

33. The Trcaty of New Echota which authorized the exchange of 100 million acres of Cherokee land for $68 million and32 million acres in Indian Territory, was authorized by A) the Cherokee leader John Ross. B) the majority of Cherokee mer who voted to accept it. C) a few Cherokee men who were tricked by the U.S. govemment. D) the U.S. government without any input from the Cherokee.

34. Inthe early nineteenth century, which group of southerners allied most closely with slave owners? A) Yeomen farmers B) Middle-class people C) Religioris leaders D) Poor whites

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35. How did slavery stunt the development of other important industries and institutions in the South? A) Slavery was so controversial that northerners did not want to do business with the

South. B) Wealthy people invested all of their money in slavery and nothing else. C) The plantation economy required rural settlements and detered the development of

great cities. D) Southerners agreed to rely on the North for manufacturing and education in

exchange for their reliance on southem goods.

36. The Comanche tribe was a serious t}reat to Mexico after 1821 because A) the tribe doubled in size and threat. B) Mexico achieved independence and lacked resources. C) Mexico was in the midst of a bloody war with Spain. D) the Comanche won their war with white settlers and were free to focus on Mexico.

37. What recourse did most plantation mistesses have on discovering their husbands were having sexual relations with slave women? A) None really; most pretended they did not know it was happening. B) Most of these women filed for divorce on grounds of adultery. C) Mistesses were able to have the alleged lover sold or haded out of the household. D) Mistesses often filed rape charges against their husbands on behalf of the slave

women.

38. What were the two lmgest southern cities in 1850, with populations over 100,000? A) Charleston and Atlanta B) New Orleans and Charleston C) Atlanta and Baltimore D) Baltimore andNew Orleans

39. Which slaves were most likely to successfully run away in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries? A) Young men and women from the fields B) Skilled male slaves with greater mobility C) Single men without ties D) Female domestics with the trust of their mistress

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40. Which party won the 1848 election, placing a slaveholder in the White House? A) Whigs B) Free-Soil party C) Democrats D) Federalists

41. Why did the Cherokee march from their land in the Southeast to Indian Territory become known as the Trail of Tears? A) They were so sad at having to move. B) They were beaten and tortured by the U.S. army along the way. C) Their leader, Chief Big Tears, died along the way. D) It took longer than expected and many people died,

42. Why were harsher methods of discipline introduced after 1840 on plantations in South Carolina and Mississippi? A) Slaves in those areas frequently organized riots and other more minor rebelliorts. B) Slaveholders in those areas were inexperienced and overcompensating. C) Slaves proved impervious to more mild punishments. D) Slaveholders feared blacks because they ouhumbered whites.

43. News ofNat Turner’s rebellion in 1831 was especially frightening to slaveholders because Tumer A) managed to unite free blacks and slaves. B) managed to inspire slaves to kill their owners. C) seemed like an obedienL submissive slave prior to this event. D) recruited poor whites to help in his rebellion.

44. What is mearrt by manifest destiny as touted by politicians during the 1840s? A) The right of opposing legislative parties to debate is vital to democracy and

preordained by the Enlightenment. B) Political parties must agree to a “manifest” before each campaign cycle. C) The United States has a God-given right to expand its borders. D) The United States has proven its destiny as the most powerful country in the world.

45. “Oregon fever” in 1842 was A) an outbreak of yellow fever that swept the Oregon territory. B) a battle between British settlers and local Indians in Oregon. C) the massive influ of British into Oregon. D) the massive influx of Americans into Oregon.

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46. What was the outcome of the baule at the Alamo between the Mexican govemment and a band of white U.S. settlers? A) The Mexicans handily defeated the settlers. B) The battle came to a draw when both sides retreated. C) The settlers surprisingly defeated the larger Mexican military. D) The U.S. government intervened and forced the settlers to stand down.

47. Why was incumbent Martin Van Buren vulnerable in his 1840 reelection campaign? A) Andrew Jackson had recovered and was running against him. B) Van Buren endorsed the wildly unpopular o’gag rule” in 1836. C) Van Buren failed to intervene in the Panic of 1837. D) Van Buren lost all of his campaign money in the banking crisis.

48. Who fit the description of a’leoman farmer”? A) Small-scale farmers who owned fewer than six slaves B) Independent landowners who did not own slaves C) Landowners of any scale who owned fewer than ten slaves D) Farmers who worked leased land without slave labor

49. Why did slave women generally fail at their runaway attempts? A) They often returned to visit family. B) They weren’t as strong or fast as men. C) They weren’t highty motivated because they weren’t treated badly. D) Women wore more likely to get lost in the wood5.

50. On what basis did the Free-Soil party argue that slavery should not be permitted in the new territories? A) Slavery empowered aristocratic men over the rights of the people. B) Slavery was amoral injustice. C) The nation would always be paralyzed by this debate if they didn’t take a difficult

stand now. D) Northern interests would always be second to those of southern slaveholders.

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