Make sure to read the questions first and write down the times when these points are discussed in case you need to hear those parts again.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-npe7Bczj3g

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hqiCLuOtXts

“Merchants of Doubt” is a 2014 documentary inspired by the 2010 book of the same name written by Naomi Oreskes professor of Science History from Harvard University, and Eric Conway the historian at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, CA.

The book identifies parallels between the global warming controversy and earlier controversies over tobacco smoking, acid rain, DDT, and the hole in the ozone layer. The book, and movie in turn, expose the strategy of ‘keeping the controversy alive’ by spreading doubt and confusion after a scientific consensus has already been reached.

The movie takes a hard look at what arguments climate deniers are making and what tactics they use to propagate their message.  These tactics have been used successfully by the same people on previous issues and are now being cultivated to prevent the regulation of greenhouse gas emissions in response to the risk of global climate change – regardless of scientific consensus.

PART I:  Assignment

Watch the movie “Merchants of Doubt” and respond to the following questions. Make sure to read the questions before watching the movie.

A goal of this class is to help give each of you the ability to discuss Climate Change with others who do not have the same knowledge or who have different viewpoints. This assignment will provide a challenging and rewarding opportunity for you to practice this. With everything you have learned to this point, write an essay/discussion post of how you would explain the climate change controversies discussed in this movie to an interested high school senior who has heard of global warming and the various debates, but is not familiar with the science of Climate Change.

Be sure to explain all parts of each of the following questions and use different paragraphs for different topics.

1) General Discussion (4 pts)

a) What is the goal of the climate change deniers in the movie (hint – use title of movie)?  Describe how this goal is achieved using two examples from the movie.

b) Describe two unethical practices of climate change deniers that were highlighted in the movie.  How do you think these practices have affected the climate change discussion?

2) Oregon Petition & Climategate Discussion (4 pts) 

Just before the Kyoto Negotiations, the Oregon Petition was created to attack the climate change science.  Just before the Copenhagen Summit, there were the attacks from Climategate.

a) What was the Oregon Petition as described in the movie?  How many “scientists who specialize in climate science” actually signed this document?  See the first paragraph at this link https://skepticalscience.com/OISM-Petition-Project-intermediate.htm (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

b) What was Climategate as described in the movie or in your textbook?  Which of the tactics explained at the following link is used to promote the Climategate allegations?  How so?

https://www.skepticalscience.com/5-characteristics-of-scientific-denialism.html (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

3) Deniers that Switched (4 pts)

The movie discussed two climate change deniers that changed their views and became important spokesman in the fight against climate change.

a) Who was the Director of Skeptic Society and what caused him to change his views on climate change?

b) Who was the very conservative Congressman from South Carolina and what caused him to change his views on climate change?

4) Think Tanks and Institutes (4 pts)

The movie discussed several “think tanks” that were created specifically to promote specific views, often so their founding organizations could be anonymous.

a) The Cato Institute created the NIPCC.  What does NIPCC stand for and why was it created?  Did they do any new scientific work?

b) Who was the CEO of the George C. Marshall Institute?  What industry was he a registered lobbyist for?  What was the goal of this institute?

5) Russian Arctic (4 pts)

Near the end of the movie, former Secretary of State Rex Tillerson who was the CEO of ExxonMobile at the time was shown shaking hands with Vladimir Putin.  What actions were planned to take place as a result of this agreement?  How did Climate Change allow this to occur? While this particular deal is no longer intact, there is much contention between nations over who will have access to arctic drilling rights.

6) Personal Review of “Merchants of Doubt” (6 pts)

After watching “Merchants of Doubt”, discuss how we can move beyond the questions and controversies that this movie brings out.  (100-200 words minimum)

Notes:

1.  Remember to use separate paragraphs for each of the points listed above, make sure there is a logical flow to your arguments and that it is written as though you are telling a story to a high school senior. This will make it more fun!

2.  We are looking forward to reading your essay to a high school senior!

Each of your textbook chapters has a “Bring It Home” conclusion naming personal choices you can make to help our world be more sustainable. Please list 4 personal choices, from any 4 different chapters (one each per any 4 of the 25 chapters) that have meant the most to you, and explain how you can personally make lifestyle changes that will have an impact on sustainability. What challenges do you face with these changes? For instance, if you want to use more public transportation, are the schedules and routes adequate? If you want to be a vegan, do you have the support of your roommates, friends or family who may be enthusiastic carnivores? Do you have international efforts underway, or want to start or join a larger movement? Choose the four ways you can personally be more sustainable, and if you’ve already made some changes, write about challenges you’ve faced to make these changes and/or rewards you experienced.

You must answer within a word-count (no less than 200 words, maximum count 350 words for entire essay (all four lifestyle choices are within one essay), citation sources do not count towards the wordcount, albeit words you cite within quotes do count, citing material from the course content, and using proper English grammar. A minimum of four different course reference sources from the course content (at least one chapter reference and at least one course video reference) are required to support your ideas for the entire essay. For textbook chapter references, you must provide author and page number(s), as example: (Karr, et al, p.57). For video references, you must provide video name with a minutes:seconds timestamp, as example: (The Future of Food: A Looming Crisis, 33:54) Outside-course citations may be used but will not be counted towards the four required. There is no need for a separate works cited page, please credit your sources within the body of your essay.  Do NOT cite Wikipedia in this assignment.

If the formatting is off when you copy and paste, no worries, as long as you have the word count, good grammar and correct spelling,  I won’t delete points if the formatting is off (this occasionally happens when you copy and paste).  Be sure to read the rubric below to earn as many points as possible:

Your grading rubric is as follows:

30pts if within wordcount requirement (no less than 200, no more than 350) 80pts lifestyle changes to support sustainability (20 each of 4) 40pts course material citations from different sources – use different chapters, include at least one video source (10pts each of 4)

Points will be deducted if necessary as follows: -5 poor grammar -10 typos/spelling errors

Reference:

http://www.unfpa.org/video/state-world-population-2013-motherhood-childhood

Title: The Effect of Energy Sources on Environmental Pollution and Human Health

● Purpose

o In 2-3 sentences, state the purpose of the Analysis of Energy Sources Lab.

● Introduction

o In a detailed paragraph, summarize what is currently known about renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Use the background information provided in the Unit 4 Lab: Analysis of Energy Sources.

● Hypothesis/Predicted Outcome

o In one sentence, state what you expect the results of the lab procedure will be.

● Methods

o In a detailed paragraph, summarize the steps you performed for collecting the data in this lab exercise. The goal of the methods section is to include enough information that others can duplicate your process and obtain the same results.

● Results/Outcome

o In a detailed paragraph, summarize your data.

● Discussion/Analysis

o In a detailed paragraph, discuss whether you obtained the expected results and what you learned from the lab.

– Only Pt.II of the attachment needs to be answered. Thank you

– Use the information on the chart-Pt.I (pg.1) and the youtube video link at the bottom of pg.2 to answer the above questions for Pt.II only. 

Environmental Science: Toward a Sustainable Future

by Wright and Boorse, 12th edition

16 Multiple Choice Questions

1) The future worldwide use of irrigation:

A) is expected to double in the next 20 years due to increasing demands for food

B) is limited by the availability of freshwater, waterlogging, and salinization of soils

C) depends on new technologies to extract more groundwater

D) will require increased reliance on new hydrogen technologies to produce freshwater

16) The development of new varieties of grain crops increased productivity by increasing the:

A) surface area of the leaves of the plants

B) size of the roots and ability to absorb water

C) strength of the stems to support more grains

D) size and number of seeds

2) In the last 50 years, the greatest progress in addressing worldwide hunger and malnutrition came from the:

A) use of better transportation methods to export grain more efficiently

B) development and use of new varieties of high-yielding wheat and rice

C) reduced reliance on pesticides, herbicides, and chemical fertilizers

D) widespread use of sustainable irrigation methods

3) Although the Green Revolution has greatly reduced world hunger and malnutrition, it has:

A) doubled the amount of land used to raise crops

B) not significantly increased the productivity of modern agriculture

C) required high levels of increasingly expensive fertilizer and pesticides

D) contributed significantly to the destruction of the ozone layer

4) Radiation exposure immediately around a properly functioning nuclear power plant is about

A) less than 1% of natural background exposure.

B) double normal environmental background exposure.

C) 10 times higher than normal environmental background exposure.

D) 100 times higher than normal environmental background exposure.

5) Nuclear bombs rely upon:

A) a domino effect that causes the nuclear fission of uranium-235 in less than a second

B) a domino effect that causes the nuclear fusion of uranium-235 in less than a second

C) an instantaneous fission of uranium-235 under extreme pressures

D) an instantaneous fusion of uranium-235 under extreme pressures

6) Enrichment of nuclear fuel:

A) increases the relative concentration of uranium-235 to only 3-5% to avoid any possibility of nuclear explosion at higher percentages

B) increases the relative concentration of uranium-235 to 30-50% to avoid a nuclear explosion at higher percentages

C) decreases the relative concentration of uranium-235 from 60% to only 3-5% to avoid a nuclear explosion at higher percentages

D) decreases the relative concentration of uranium-235 from 100% to 30-50% to avoid a nuclear explosion at higher percentages

7) The actual fission reactions that release energy in a nuclear power plant are about:

A) two-thirds from uranium-235 and one-third from uranium-239

B) one-third from uranium-235 and two-thirds from uranium-239

C) two-thirds from uranium-235 and one-third from plutonium-239

D) one-third from uranium-235 and two-thirds from plutonium-239

8) A self-amplifying reaction and a nuclear explosion in a nuclear power plant are prevented in large part by:

A) the regular addition of uranium-239 to the fuel

B) control rods that absorb extra neutrons

C) the production of plutonium-239

D) fuel rods that absorb tremendous amounts of heat

Unit 3 Examination

9) Compared to a nuclear plant, a coal-fired plant:

A) releases more than 100 times more radioactivity because of radioactive elements in coal.

B) requires much less mining and results in fewer mining deaths.

C) contributes to acid rain, and a nuclear plant does not.

D) emits much less carbon dioxide.

10) About how much of the sun’s radiation would strike the Earth if the Earth did not have its atmosphere?

A) about 10 times more

B) about twice as much

C) it would be about the same

D) about half as much

11) With all of the sun’s energy striking the Earth every second of every day, why doesn’t the Earth overheat and kill us all?

A) The Earth is so large and dense that it absorbs all of this heat.

B) The Earth is overheating regionally, melting rocks into the lava of volcanoes.

C) The Earth maintains a balance by radiating this heat back into space.

D) The atmosphere of the Earth prevents the solar radiation from reaching the Earth’s surface.

12) The thinning of the troposphere away from the equator is primarily a result of:

A) land masses moving towards the poles

B) shifting of the continental plates due to plate tectonics

C) differences in solar energy striking the Earth

D) the number of clouds in the mesosphere and thermosphere

13) The effect of the 2008 recession has

A) speeded up the flight from inner cities to suburbs.

B) made existing properties more valuable.

C) greatly slowed the suburban building boom and the purchase of new houses.

D) reversed the movement to suburbs, increasing the pressure to find housing in the inner city.

Unit 4 Examination

14) Over the past 60 years, as people moved from U.S. cities to suburbs, the people that were left behind in the cities were primarily

A) older, poor people representing ethnic minorities.

B) younger, wealthy people representing ethnic minorities. C) older and wealthy Caucasians.

D) younger Caucasians.

15) _________________ ranges from supporting and voting for particular candidates to expressing your support for particular legislation through letters or phone calls.

A) Lifestyle choices

B) Membership in nongovernmental organizations

C) Political involvement

D) None of the above

Please look at the attachment and answer all questions like the first attachment which is a sample. from the second attachment answer questions 2-5 and the third and fourth answer all 5. Please note like the attachment with the sample you are to answer the question give an example and use at least 2 keywords that fit in with your answers. Keyworsd are above all questions. if you have access to frumpkin textbook for environmental health global to local you will be able to answer most questions from there. I need it by tomorrow 8am CT which is a hard deadline. And please note each answers should be around half a page to 3/4. Thanks