Business Law Exam

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Short Answer 41) Sally operates a large manufacturing firm near a federal land preserve known for its waterfowl and fauna. The federal government has just filed suit against Sally and her corporation, charging them with criminal violations of various environmental protection statutes. What rights do Sally and her corporation have that are guaranteed under the United States Constitution?

42) John was driving his car in a careless way, failing to drive as a reasonably prudent person would under the driving conditions. Ramona was crossing the street in a careless way, failing to cross as a reasonably prudent person would. John struck and injured Ramona with the car John was driving. At trial, it was determined that John was 80 percent at fault and that Ramona was 20 percent at fault. The injuries sustained amounted to $100,000. Explain how much, if any, recovery Ramona would receive in a state that applies the contributory negligence rule. Do the same thing for a state that applies the comparative negligence rule.

43) Herman Corporation is engaged in preparing a marketing campaign consisting of electronic and print images. Drawings and photographs for the campaign are coming from a variety of sources, including popular magazines, international newspapers, and web sources. The marketing vice president asserts that the company may use the images under the fair use doctrine. What factors should be considered in the application of the fair use doctrine?

44) Louise owned a house next to Robert’s house. Robert made a contract with Midcity Painters to paint his house. The painters arrived to paint Robert’s house, but mistakenly painted Louise’s house. She saw the painters at work and made no comment. Later, Midcity Painters sent Louise a bill for painting her house. She claimed that she was not liable because she had not made any contract with them. Is this a valid defense?

 

45) Mary offered to sell Mike several pieces of rare Chinese art at a very good price because they were duplicates in her own collection. Mike could not accept the offer at that time, but he did give Mary $500 in return for her promise to keep her offer open for three (3) weeks. Mike returned with the agreed-upon balance two weeks later to find that Mary already had sold the pieces she had offered to sell to him. Mary explained that she had been able to get a better price from another buyer. She offered to return Mike’s $500 and insisted that this was all she was obligated to do. Is Mary right?

 

46) John received a promotion at work and felt new clothes would be necessary in the new position. John went to a local store and charged three ties on his charge account at a cost of $60 each. Bill, a friend of John’s, saw a sidewalk vendor selling ties at a cost of three for $10 and bought three at that price. The friends compared purchases that night and found that they had purchased identical ties. John became enraged and said that he would not pay the charge-account bill because the ties were clearly not worth $60 each. Bill indicated that he would testify on John’s behalf if litigation ensued. What would be the probable outcome of the lawsuit?

 

47) Kentucky Lumber and MillWork Company contracted to supply Rommell Company millwork for use in the construction of a school building. While the work was in progress, the Kentucky mill was destroyed by fire. For two months thereafter, Kentucky Lumber and MillWork Company supplied Rommell with mill work purchased by it from a third party. The Kentucky mill did not wish to continue this plan and declared that the contract was ended. Rommell brought an action against Kentucky Company to enforce the contract. How will the court decide?

 

48) Sam Student had borrowed $1,000 from his cousin. Sam and the cousin became involved in a heated disagreement when the cousin began to press Sam for repayment of the loan. Finally, Sam wrote a check for $190 to the cousin and conspicuously wrote on the check in big letters that it was full and final payment of the $1,000 loan. In need of money, the cousin cashed the check and demanded the remaining $810 from Sam. Sam refused to pay, claiming that they had entered into an accord and satisfaction that discharged Sam’s obligation to pay anything more. The cousin sued Sam. Discuss the probable outcome.

 

49) Kentucky Lumber and MillWork Company contracted to supply Rommell Company millwork for use in the construction of a school building. While the work was in progress, the Kentucky mill was destroyed by fire. For two months thereafter, Kentucky Lumber and MillWork Company supplied Rommell with mill work purchased by it from a third party. The Kentucky mill did not wish to continue this plan and declared that the contract was ended. Rommell brought an action against Kentucky Company to enforce the contract. How will the court decide?

 

50) Sam Student had borrowed $1,000 from his cousin. Sam and the cousin became involved in a heated disagreement when the cousin began to press Sam for repayment of the loan. Finally, Sam wrote a check for $190 to the cousin and conspicuously wrote on the check in big letters that it was full and final payment of the $1,000 loan. In need of money, the cousin cashed the check and demanded the remaining $810 from Sam. Sam refused to pay, claiming that they had entered into an accord and satisfaction that discharged Sam’s obligation to pay anything more. The cousin sued Sam. Discuss the probable outcome.

 

1: The criminal law of all states is the same because all states have adopted a uniform criminal code.

a. True b. False

2: Larceny is best defined as the taking of personal property from the presence of the victim by the use of force or fear.

a. True b. False

3: Due process includes the right to be heard, question witnesses, and present evidence.

a. True b. False

4: A tort is a wrong arising from a violation of a private duty.

a. True b. False

5: The tort of intentional infliction of emotional distress requires proof of outrageous conduct and resulting emotional distress in the victim.

a. True b. False

6: Libel is the printed equivalent of the spoken form of defamation known as slander.

a. True b. False

7: Once a mark is registered in accordance with federal law, the holder of the mark has the exclusive right to use the mark in perpetuity.

a. True b. False

8: An owner of a copyright may license some of his or her rights to another in exchange for statutorily-prescribed royalty payments.

a. True b. False

9: Courts will likely protect important customer lists under trade secret laws even if customer identities are determinable from other sources.

a. True b. False

10: Negotiable instruments are examples of formal contracts.

a. True b. False

11: An option contract gives one of the parties an absolute right to enter into a second contract at a later date.

a. True b. False

12: An otherwise vague contract may be clarified by references in the contract to other documents or agreements.

a. True b. False

13: An offer gives the offeror the power to bind the offeree by contract.

a. True b. False

14: The fact that the consideration supplied by one party is slight when compared with the burden undertaken by the other party is immaterial.

a. True b. False

15: Ordinarily, doing or promising to do what one is already under a legal obligation to do is not consideration.

a. True b. False

16: Unless a contract so provides, time is ordinarily not of the essence, and performance within a reasonable time is sufficient.

a. True b. False

17: The parties may agree that the adequacy of performance under a contract is to be determined by a third party.

a. True b. False

18: If there is a breach of contract, the law requires that the other party terminate the contract and bring a lawsuit.

a. True b. False

19: The measure of monetary damages when there has been a breach of contract is the sum of money that will place the injured party in the same position that would have been attained if the contract had been performed.

a. True b. False

20: Only direct losses from a breach of contract may be recovered by an injured party.

a. True b. False

21: Which of the following statements is true?

a. Felonies are less serious than misdemeanors. b. Felonies involve white-collar crimes only. c. Felonies are more serious than misdemeanors. d. Felonies are federal crimes only.

22: White-collar crimes:

a. always involve the threat or use of force or violence. b. generally involve the threat or use of force or violence. c. sometimes involve the threat or use of force or violence. d. do not involve the threat or use of force or violence.

23: The unauthorized use of a computer belonging to someone else is:

a. a crime in all states. b. a crime in some states. c. not a crime in any state. d. a crime under federal law only.

24: Torts arise from a violation of a ____ duty.

a. public b. private c. contractual d. criminal

25: Trespass applies to:

a. personal property only. b. land only. c. both personal property and land. d. only government-owned property.

26: It is important to protect trade dress against adoption by a competitor because such adoption can:

a. deceive purchasers into believing they have obtained a comparable product. b. dilute the originator’s resource investment in its product appearance. c. usurp the business goodwill of the developer of the trade dress. d. all of the above.

27: To analyze a copyright infringement claim in the context of computer programs, courts will primarily examine:

a. the total number of program steps that are substantially similar. b. the number of significant program steps that are substantially similar. c. whether the programs appear substantially similar in ordinary language. d. whether the programs appear substantially similar in machine language.

28: A contract of record is also referred to as a:

a. recognizance. b. reconnaissance. c. recording contract. d. none of the above.

29: An offer of a reward for the arrest and conviction of a criminal is an example of a:

a. unilateral contract. b. bilateral contract. c. quasi contract. d. formal contract.

30: The plaintiff in a quasi-contractual action can recover:

a. lost profits. b. damages for mental distress. c. the reasonable value of the benefit conferred upon the defendant. d. for all the damages sustained.

31: An agreement that consists of two or more parts and calls for corresponding performances of each part by the parties is called a:

a. partial contract. b. divisible contract. c. performance contract. d. divided contract.

32: If an offer requires that acceptance be communicated by a specific date and the acceptance is properly dispatched by the offeree on the final date,

a. no contract is formed, since the offeror will undoubtedly receive the dispatched acceptance after the deadline for acceptance. b.a contract is formed, but the contract is voidable at the election of the offeror. c. the acceptance is timely and a contract is formed, even though the offeror actually receives the acceptance well after the specified date has passed. d. the acceptance is timely and a contract is formed, but only if the offeror actually receives the acceptance by the deadline specified for acceptance.

33: When there is no consideration for a promise, the agreement is:

a.a quasi contract. b. equitable. c. not binding. d. unethical.

34: Ordinarily, a promise to perform an existing legal obligation is:

a. not consideration. b. binding if the promisor promises to perform with extra care. c. binding if the promisor promises to perform to suit the personal satisfaction of the promisee. d. binding if the promisee would experience substantial loss due to breach of the promise.

35: If no time period for performance is specified in a contract:

a. the contract is unenforceable. b. time shall be of the essence. c. a reasonable time for performance will be implied. d. the time for performance will be ignored by the courts.

36: The death or disability of a party to a contract discharges the contract when:

a. personal services requiring peculiar skill are involved. b. the payment of money is involved. c. a house is to be painted. d. none of the above.

37: Bankruptcy results in a discharge of contractual obligations by __________.

a. default b. equity c. operation of law d. oath or affirmation

38: When a party expressly declares that performance will not be made when required, this declaration is a(n):

a. anticipatory repudiation. b. injunction. c. negotiating technique. d. waiver of breach.

39: A contractual provision which states that a waiver of rights will not constitute a modification to the contract is:

a. not enforceable as being in bad faith. b. not enforceable as a violation of law. c. enforceable by one party only. d. enforceable.

40: A provision stipulating the amount of money damages to be paid in the event of default or breach of contract is known as a __________ damages clause.

a. nominal b. contract c. liquidated d. breach

 

 

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CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROJECT

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Project Guidelines and Rubric1.htmlCompetencyIn this project, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following competency:

  • Explain how cultural differences and diversity influence professional practice in criminal justice

ScenarioThe American Bar Association (ABA) has sent an email to your organization looking for a presentation that pitches ideas for a “360-degree view” installation at the new museum in Chicago. This installation will focus on the crack cocaine epidemic of the 1980s and 1990s, with a specific focus on how diversity can influence professional practices—both individual and systemic—in criminal justice. Your immediate supervisor is interested in pitching an idea for your team, and she has asked you to create a presentation that highlights the theme of diverse people struggling both with and within the criminal justice system.DirectionsInstallation IdeasYou will present your pitch research in a presentation format of your choosing. Numerous issues listed below are encompassed in the Sharanda Jones case. For the issues not related to the case, consider how they will fit into an installation; consider using a “What if . . . ?” slide that explores how it might have been different if she had been white, mentally ill, or otherwise different for each factor you’ve been asked to include.

  • Describe how policing is affected by a lack of cultural competence in both systemic and individual biases. Include commentary on the following issues in relation to cultural bias:
    • “Overpolicing” certain races or ethnicities
    • Militarization of police
    • Field decisions
    • Other issues of diversity:
      1. Mental illness
      2. LGBTQ+
  • Describe how courts are affected by a lack of cultural competence in both systemic and individual biases. Include commentary on the following issues in relation to cultural bias:
    • Discrepancies related to drug crime sentencing
    • Bail
    • Discrepancies related to socioeconomic status
    • Discrepancies related to death-penalty sentencing
    • Other issues of diversity:
      1. Mental illness
      2. LGBTQ+
  • Describe how corrections is affected by a lack of cultural competence in both systemic and individual biases. Include commentary on the following issues in relation to cultural bias:
    • Geography and female prisons
    • Medical issues (e.g., Sharanda Jones’s mother)
    • Lack of oversight in private prisons
    • Placement of transgendered people
    • Male corrections officers in female prisons
    • Treatment of mentally ill, disabled, pregnant, etc.
  • Explain the need for diversity in the recruitment of criminal justice professionals. Include commentary on the following issues in relation to cultural bias:
    • Current demographic information related to diversity
    • Gender equity
    • The importance of mirroring society

What to SubmitTo complete this project, you must submit the following:Installation Ideas Your installation ideas can be presented through whatever medium best suits your needs, including a portfolio of text and pictures, a video presentation in which you explain your ideas as if you were in a face-to-face meeting, or a presentation with speaker notes or voice over.Supporting MaterialsThe following resource(s) may help support your work on the project:Reading: Two Key Justice Reforms This page on the ABA website discusses the ABA’s focus on criminal justice reform.Website: Coca-Cola Timeline Installation This link opens an image of a timeline installation like the one you’ve been asked by the ABA to conceptualize. It’s provided to aid your understanding of the final product.Text description of website: A picture of a wall with a timeline running across it horizontally. Above and below the line are different-sized pictures and text to show chronological placement.Reading: New Reforms Bypass Dallas Inmate Sentenced to Life for First Drug Arrest This article explains details of the Sharanda Jones case.Reading: From a First Arrest to a Life Sentence This article explains details of the Sharanda Jones case.Project Two Rubric

 

Criteria Exemplary (100%) Proficient (85%) Needs Improvement (55%) Not Evident (0%) Value
Articulation of Response Exceeds proficiency in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner Clearly conveys meaning with correct grammar, sentence structure, and spelling Shows progress toward proficiency, but with errors in grammar, sentence structure, and spelling Submission has critical errors in grammar, sentence structure, and spelling 15
Policing Exceeds proficiency in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner Describes how policing is affected by a lack of cultural competence in both systemic and individual biases Shows progress toward proficiency, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include misunderstandings of cultural competence or not including both systemic and individual biases Does not attempt criterion 20
Courts Exceeds proficiency in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner Describes how courts are affected by a lack of cultural competence in both systemic and individual biases Shows progress toward proficiency, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include misunderstandings of cultural competence or not including both systemic and individual biases Does not attempt criterion 20
Corrections Exceeds proficiency in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner Describes how corrections is affected by a lack of cultural competence in both systemic and individual biases Shows progress toward proficiency, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include misunderstandings of cultural competence or not including both systemic and individual biases Does not attempt criterion 20
Diversity in Recruitment Exceeds proficiency in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner Explains the need for diversity in the recruitment of criminal justice professionals Shows progress toward proficiency, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include a superficial explanation that does not include all required components Does not attempt criterion 20
Citations and Attributions Attributes sources where applicable using citation methods with very few minor errors Uses citation for ideas requiring attribution Attributes sources where applicable, but with major errors Does not attribute sources where applicable 5

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Ethics

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1.Federico is in a financial dispute. He is trying to collect money for a project he completed, but the debtor does not want to pay the money owed to Federico. Which court that would most likely address this situation?

  • U.S. Bankruptcy Court
  • State Small Claims Court
  • U.S. Tax Court

2.Which legal school of thought is illustrated in this dialogue?
DONUT DAY AT THE OFFICE
Alison: (She stands during David’s speech as if inspired but sits down once Bob starts talking.)
Bob: Right. Power to the people David. Anyone else hungry? (He tries to slowly move to the donuts and Joyce continues to defend them like a point guard.)
Lee: I have an idea that might address all of these issues. What if none of us have any of these donuts but instead we break up into teams and sell them to our coworkers for a profit? Instead of getting one or two donuts, we can stop on our way home and pick up a dozen of them each with our profits. In this case, we ignore the company stick-in-the-mud book regulations because, as you can see, we are obviously presented with some opportunities for a little economic development. Corporate rules here must bow to economic opportunity. If we let our rules block our prosperity, what kind of company will we become?
End Part 7

  • Command school of thought.
  • Sociological school of thought.
  • Law and economics school of thought.
  • Legal realism school of thought.

3.A law was recently passed in the city of Birmingdon that specifies a long list of restrictions on disposing of different kinds of waste material. The law is long, meticulous, and complicated, and many citizens do not understand all the points of the law or the purpose it is meant to fulfill. Citizens are commonly caught breaking the ordinance. Which law or principle of law will help defend them? Select the most relevant answer for this situation.

  • Equal Protection Laws
  • Procedural Due Process
  • Substantive Due Process
  • First Amendment

4.A television producer/director receives the following script designed to celebrate National Donut Day.  As she reads it, it brings to her mind some principles of jurisprudence she learned in her college business law class.

Help her out: Which legal school of thought is illustrated in this dialogue?

(The scene is a lunchroom or break room. There are at least three round tables visible and perhaps a vending machine, microwave, or refrigerator in the background. Of the three tables, no one is sitting at the center table as the scene opens.)

Karen: (She walks in carrying two big boxes of donuts and places them on the center table.) Allied Chemical just dropped these off to thank us for our work on the “Expressly Hair” project. Have fun. (She is unenthusiast. She shows absolutely no interest in the donuts and quickly leaves. Everyone else, except Alison, immediately stands. Alison is still showing an interest in the goodies but not moving toward them. Joyce immediately positions herself between the donuts and Bob.)

Bob: It’s a donut festival!

Joyce: (She moves to block and slow him, as if checking him in basketball.) Just wait a second! We have to first establish the rules.

Bob: Rules, in a donut festival?

Joyce: Yes rules. Last time donuts like these were brought in, Winfred got a broken nose and, once again, Alison didn’t get any. We aren’t animals. If we don’t slow down, someone is going to accidentally eat the cardboard again.

Bob: Oh, no. Here we go. Where’s the PowerPoint?

Joyce: There are guidelines in the employee handbook that have been developed over many years that detail out exactly what is to be done with these kind of employee gifts. (She opens a thick binder.) Nearly any scenario you can imagine has been detailed out in section 34 (b), including pastries from chemical companies. Practices and procedures have been set and we would be smart to follow them.

  • Natural law school of thought.
  • Critical legal studies school of thought.
  • Historical perspective school of thought.
  • Irrational forces perspective.

5.Sage files a complaint against Isabel, alleging that Isabel is responsible for damages to Sage’s property. Isabel thinks the allegations are ridiculous and doesn’t bother to respond to the complaint which she has been served. Which of the following is likely true?

  • A court can judge in Sage favor because Isabel is not bargaining in good faith.
  • A court will not open a case or post a judgment until Isabel chooses to respond.
  • A court can judge in Sage’s favor because Isabel seems to be constructively admitting to Sage’s allegations.
  • A court will judge in Isabel’s favor if it knows she thinks the charges are ridiculous.
  • 6.The federal government passes a law which targets one specific company even though it does not operate any differently from other local companies. Which law or principle of law is not being properly upheld?

Procedural Due Process

First Amendment

  • Substantive Due Process
  • 7. Casey is on trial under criminal allegations that she engaged in fraudulent behavior at the company she manages. She is worried when the plaintiff alleges that it has “unambiguous proof” that Casey is guilty. Which of the following is most likely true?
  • If the plaintiff meets a “clear and convincing” burden of proof, Casey will be found guilty.
  • Casey need not worry about the plaintiff’s evidence, since parties tend to boast about the level of proof they can establish anyway.
  • If the plaintiff provides proof only up to the level of “clear and convincing,” Casey can still be acquitted.
  • The plaintiff will most likely prove Casey is guilty, since criminal charges only need to meet a prima facie burden of proof.
  1. Bookmark question for laterDevon is accused of robbing a jewelry store and is summarily thrown in jail. Which law or principle of law will help Devon in this situation?
    • First Amendment
    • Procedural Due Process
    • Equal Protection Laws
    • Substantive Due Process
  2. Bookmark question for laterA new law is established in the town of Avery that promotes affirmative action employment for transgender and homosexual individuals. This law would be in pursuance of the tenets of the __________ school of jurisprudential thought.
    • Command
    • Law and Economics
    • Legal Realism
    • Irrational Forces
    • Sociological
  3. Bookmark question for laterAdelyn is in a financial dispute with her creditor. She wants to declare bankruptcy because she is finding herself unable to meet the requirements of paying off her debt. Which court that would most likely address this situation?
    • U.S. Bankruptcy Court
    • State Small Claims Court
    • U.S. Tax Court
  4. Bookmark question for laterThe government of Sharonville is deep in debt, and consequently enacts a city ordinance that requires citizens to do volunteer work for the city once per week. Such and act would be in accordance with the __________ school of jurisprudential thought.
    • Sociological
    • Law and Economics
    • Irrational Forces
    • Legal Realism
    • Command
  5. Bookmark question for laterWhich legal theory is illustrated in this dialogue?
    DONUT DAY AT THE OFFICE
    Part 3 
    Joyce: We had a lawsuit filed about this after the pastry rumble of 2017 and there was . . . oh yeah, I remember there were some specific rules that are detailed out in 34 (b), section 4.
    Bob: Those stupid rules were just made right after Winfred face-planted in the donuts when he slipped trying to get past Alison. They don’t apply here and now. There wouldn’t even be donut rules if he’d paid attention to his own big feet.
    End Part 3 

    • Irrational forces perspective.
    • Critical legal studies school of thought.
    • Historical perspective school of thought.
    • Natural law school of thought.
  6. Bookmark question for laterWhich of the following situations would most likely receive a change of venue?
    • A local teacher is taken to court after a video of him beating his students goes viral and is viewed by most people in town..
    • An employer who is accused of racially-discriminatory practices wants a change of venue when it finds out that the local venue judge is African-American.
    • A defendant in a case requests a change of venue because the location of the trial is inconveniently far away from the state where he lives.
    • A woman wants a change of venue when it appears that all jurors to the case will be male.
  7. Bookmark question for laterA law which promotes the opportunity for foreign workers to obtain employment, housing, and medical care regardless of their citizenship status would likely fall under which school of jurisprudential thought?
    • Irrational Forces
    • Legal Realism
    • Historical
    • Natural Law
    • Sociological
  8. Bookmark question for laterDixonville has had fundamentally the same demographics, economic system, and social structure for decades. In recent years these factors have begun to shift, causing many to call for new legislation and legal practices. Shifting the legal structure of Dixonville in order to account for the changes that are occurring would be in accordance with the __________ school of jurisprudential thought.
    • Irrational Forces
    • Legal Realism
    • Natural Law
    • Historical
    • Sociological
  9. Bookmark question for laterAfter a tragic event in which an armed intruder storms into a mall and fatally shoots several people, the city of Belmonte institutes a law that prohibits any form of weapon in public retail establishments. This reaction would be an example of following which school of jurisprudential thought?
    • Natural Law
    • Irrational Forces
    • Sociological
    • Legal Realism
    • Historical
  10. Bookmark question for laterWhich legal school of thought is illustrated in this dialogue?
    DONUT DAY AT THE OFFICE
    Part 5
    Derek: We need someone we can trust who can divide up the donuts. One set of rules and what we’ve done in the past can’t always be applied here. If we had an impartial judge or two in the mix, someone who doesn’t like donuts perhaps, they could take into account all of the changing factors impacting our donut sphere and make up rules that will bring glazed-happiness to all who they think need it.
    End Part 5

    • Critical legal studies school of thought.
    • Sociological school of thought.
    • Irrational forces perspective.
    • Legal realism school of thought.
  11. Bookmark question for laterThe federal government passes a law which a company, JuneCorp, feels unjustifiably discriminates against the company and harms its ability to operate. Under the strict scrutiny test, which of the following statements is true?
    • JuneCorp can contest the legality of the law if all three scrutiny tests determine that the law is necessary.
    • JuneCorp cannot contest the law because the government makes the laws and therefore has the final say.
    • JuneCorp cannot contest the legality of the law if only its finances are harmed.
    • JuneCorp can contest the legality of the law if the law doesn’t serve a state interest.
  12. Bookmark question for laterSally and Kirk are at odds over the details of a business contract. Neither of them wants to go to court, but they both refuse to make a compromise on the terms they expect from one another. Which of the following would most easily force them to a resolution?
    • Negotiation
    • Legally-binding arbitration
    • Legally-binding mediation
    • Non-binding arbitration
  13. Bookmark question for laterAnnie is an observer to a legal dispute between two of the tenants in a building she manages. She has documented information relevant to the case but prefers not to get involved in the dispute. Which of the following is true?
    • Annie can be required via subpoena to provide the information she has.
    • Annie can refuse any and all attempts by a court to involve her in the dispute.
    • Annie is required by Good Samaritan laws to put forth any information she has relevant to the case.
    • Annie cannot provide any information since her position as a manager precludes her ability to be unbiased.
  14. Bookmark question for laterWhich jurisprudential school of thought relies the most upon precedent in establishing law?
    • Historical
    • Natural Law
    • Irrational Forces
    • Legal Realism
    • Sociological
  15. Bookmark question for laterClaudia feels strongly against a law that was recently passed in her hometown. She proceeds to write letters to the local newspaper criticizing the effect of the law. She also marches up and down the sidewalk in front of city hall loudly publicizing her opinion. Which law or principle of law which is most relevant to this situation?
    • Procedural Due Process
    • Equal Protection Laws
    • Substantive Due Process
    • First Amendment
  16. Bookmark question for laterAn appeals court feels that a lower court has made an incorrect judgment concerning a civil law case. Which of the following would be the mostly reason to remand the case back to the lower court?
    • The appellate court is not interested in the case.
    • The appellate court wants the lower court to handle the case, since it is a civil rather than criminal case.
    • The appellate court wants to see more evidence before it can make an informed decision.
    • The appellate court found a mistake of law that occurred during the initial trial.
  17. Bookmark question for laterWhich legal school of thought is illustrated in this dialogue?
    DONUT DAY AT THE OFFICE
    Part 2
    Bob: Listen, donuts are made to bring joy into our lives and to wake up our glazed faculties. Just let them be distributed according to unchanging moral principles of justice. The donuts will distribute themselves according to natural principles.  We just take what we want and the leftovers will be appreciated by those who enjoy them most. Don’t overcomplicate this. Where’s the chocolate milk?
    End Part 2

    • Historical perspective school of thought.
    • Critical legal studies school of thought.
    • Irrational forces perspective.
    • Natural law school of thought.
  18. Bookmark question for laterClara is suing David because of a property dispute. Clara and David are from different states, so it is not readily clear which state has jurisdiction over this case. Which of the following is true?
    • Jurisdiction falls in David’s state of residence, since he is the one being summoned to court.
    • Jurisdiction depends solely on where the property – the focus of the dispute – is located.
    • Jurisdiction falls in Clara’s state of residence, since she is the plaintiff.
    • Jurisdiction can fall in whichever state has subject matter or personal jurisdiction, likely depending on which state Clara feels will give her a more favorable outcome for her case.
  19. Bookmark question for laterWhich legal school of thought is illustrated in this dialogue?
    DONUT DAY AT THE OFFICE
    Part 8
    (Just then Calvin, the fit CEO, comes jogging into the room with a water bottle in hand. He spots the donuts and shows his disgust.) Calvin: Why do people inflict such nasty, sugar-coated poison on all of us?! A healthy workplace is a happy workplace. (He takes both boxes of donuts, puts them in a small, dirty, battered trash can and steps on them to squash them down, making them suddenly inedible. He smiles at everyone as if they all agree that he has done them a great service.) That’s my job as CEO, to help everyone realize a long and happy life! Cheers! (He runs from the room as everyone looks on in stunned silence. After a couple of seconds Bob collapses on the floor next to the garbage can, looking at the destroyed donuts as if they were a long-lost love.)
    End Part 8 

    • Command school of thought.
    • Legal realism school of thought.
    • Sociological school of thought.
    • Law and economics school of thought.
  20. Bookmark question for laterWhich of the following situations would not substantiate proper standing to sue?
    • Aniesha wants to sue her neighbor Robert after she witnessed him steal someone else’s car.
    • TreesForDays, an environmental activist group, wants to sue a company dumping chemicals into a river in a different state.
    • Tyler wants to sue Kevin after Kevin harms Tyler’s sister in a car crash which leaves her sister in a coma.
    • Calvin wants to sue his sister after finding out she has been taking cash from the cash register at the family business.
  21. Bookmark question for laterLula thinks that people who discipline their children by spanking should be sent to jail and says she would be glad to go to jail if she was caught spanking her child. Which philosophy of ethics is applicable?
    • Social Justice Theory
    • Kantianism
    • Virtue Ethics
    • Utilitarianism
  22. Bookmark question for laterDetermine which moral standard of social responsibility the business is observing.
    Meg’s company decided to build an additional factory in a small community. When the community started a protest because of the negative impact the factory would potentially have, Meg’s company promised to prevent and pay for any negative impact to the community. It also offers to build a community park to balance out the negative impact the factory might cause.

    • Corporate Citizenship Moral Standard
    • Indeterminable
    • Profit-Maximizing Moral Standard
    • Stakeholder Theory Moral Standard
    • Moral Minimum Standard
  23. Bookmark question for laterAnthony votes in favor of a bill which would prevent people above a certain level of income from being able to purchase subsidized housing. Which philosophy of ethics is applies here?
    • Utilitarianism
    • Social Justice Theory
    • Virtue Ethics
    • Kantianism
  24. Bookmark question for laterRadcliffe is a college business professor with little education but extensive experience in business. A treaty negotiating the free trade of educational opportunities was just passed between Canada and the U.S., and it includes a condition that “all university professors must have at least a master’s degree in order to teach.” Which of the following is true?
    • Radcliffe no longer meets the qualifications to teach.
    • Radcliffe may not be restricted from teaching if his university has no rule concerning the need for a master’s degree.
    • Radcliffe may still teach as long as he only teaches in the U.S.
    • The treaty is only enforceable if it doesn’t conflict with state law in Radcliffe’s state.
  25. Bookmark question for laterDetermine which moral standard of social responsibility the business is observing.
    Vivian’s company is considering building a huge new department store in a small town. The community argues that the store will disrupt local commerce and harm local business owners. Vivian argues that the store will save money for customers and bring more jobs to the community. Assume both arguments are true.

    • Corporate Citizenship Moral Standard
    • Stakeholder Theory Moral Standard
    • Moral Minimum Standard
    • Profit-Maximizing Moral Standard
    • Indeterminable
  26. Bookmark question for laterMoira is ashamed to discover that her son stole an apple from the cafeteria and gave it to another student who had no lunch. She grounds him from watching TV as punishment. Which philosophy of ethics is applies here?
    • Virtue Ethics
    • Utilitarianism
    • Kantianism
    • Social Justice Theory
  27. Bookmark question for laterDetermine which moral standard of social responsibility the business is observing.
    Earl’s company wants to change the material it uses for its products to a cheaper, less-durable material. Processing the material causes more waste and the final products will not be as safe for customers, but the company will make more money overall.

    • Stakeholder Theory Moral Standard
    • Corporate Citizenship Moral Standard
    • Profit-Maximizing Moral Standard
    • Indeterminable
    • Moral Minimum Standard
  28. Bookmark question for laterNation A builds a new highway next to citizens’ properties. In the months following, littering as well as several highway accidents result in damage to the properties. The property owners want to sue the government for damages, but are restrained by:
    • Comity of Nations
    • Sovereign Immunity
    • Act of State Doctrine
  29. Bookmark question for laterNoraCorp wants to meet a moral minimum of ethical behavior in its operations. It is planning a merger with another company which would cause any or all of the following:
    I) Stock price will go up, positively impacting shareholders
    II) The company could build a new central headquarters, which would decrease nearby property values
    III) The company could fire 200 employees
    IV) The company could afford a new production facility, which would negatively impact the environment and landowners’ property.
    V) The company could offer higher-quality products to customers for lower cost, positively impacting customers.
    NoreCorp decides to move forward with the merger. All of the above events occur, but NoraCorp offers severance packages to the employees it fires and plans to compensate landowners for damages caused by the new production facility. Which of the following is true?

    • NoraCorp has exceeded its moral minimum requirements, meeting a “corporate citizenship” level of social responsibility.
    • NoraCorp has met its moral minimum requirements.
    • NoraCorp has not met its moral minimum requirements.
  30. Bookmark question for laterFinley wants to make as many people happy as possible. He steals from a greedy CEO in order to give money to a large number of poor people. Which philosophy of ethics is applicable?
    • Utilitarianism
    • Virtue Ethics
    • Kantianism
    • Social Justice Theory
  31. Bookmark question for laterCountry A and Country B have had an informal trading arrangement for many years wherein merchants on the border of the countries may freely trade goods without the restriction of fees. Which of the following is true?
    • Country A and Country B have a binding agreement to this arrangement under customary international law.
    • The government of Country A may not arbitrarily begin to charge fees for items brought in from Country B.
    • Country A and Country B have no binding agreement under customary international law.
    • More than one response is correct.
  32. Bookmark question for laterNation A is neighbors with Nation B. When an international crime lord who operates in both countries is captured by Nation A, it sentences him to a lifetime of heavy labor. Nation B wants to have the criminal executed, but it defers to Nation A’s judgment. Which principle of International Law is at play?
    • Comity of Nations
    • Sovereign Immunity
    • Act of State Doctrine
  33. Bookmark question for laterDetermine which moral standard of social responsibility the business is observing.
    Brad’s company has a smokestack that pollutes the air in a nearby community. When people begin complaining about the pollution, the company pays to have a stack scrubber installed on the smokestack to limit the pollution but does not respond to the community’s complaints.

    • Moral Minimum Standard
    • Stakeholder Theory Moral Standard
    • Corporate Citizenship Moral Standard
    • Profit-Maximizing Moral Standard
    • Indeterminable

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Law homework help

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Type: Individual Project

Unit:  Default

Due Date:  Mon, 10/24/16

Individual Assignment: 15-points

Review Questions

Answer the study questions numbered 1-5 on page 72 (Minimum 2-pages , typed, and double spaced)

1. Explain how Plato and Aristotle associated status with justice. Define rectificatory or

commutative justice.

2. Describe distributive and corrective justice. Identify how different systems under distributive

justice would allocate the resources of society.

3. Describe Rawls’s system of distributive and corrective justice.

4. Describe retributive and utilitarian rationales for punishment, which is a substantive

justice issue. Explain due process and how it fits with procedural justice. What are the

elements of due process?

5. Describe some types of restorative justice programs. What ethical systems support

restorative justice?

 

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Business Law HW

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CAPACITY & LEGALITY

 

 

1. Joan, who is sixteen years old, moves out of her parents’ home and signs a one-year lease for an apartment at Kenwood Apartments. Joan’s parents tell her that she can return to live with them at any time. Unable to pay the rent, Joan moves back to her parents’ home two months later. Can Kenwood enforce the lease against Joan? Why or why not?

 

2. A famous New York City hotel, Hotel Lux, is noted for its food as well as its luxury accommodations. Hotel Lux contracts with a famous chef, Chef Perlee, to become its head chef at $30,000 per month. The contract states that should Perlee leave the employment of Hotel Lux for any reason, he will not work as a chef for any hotel or restaurant in New York, New Jersey, or Pennsylvania for a period of one year. During the first six months of the contract, Hotel Lux heavily advertises Perlee as its head chef, and business at the hotel is excellent. Then a dispute arises between the hotel’s management and Perlee, and Perlee terminates his employment. One month later, he is hired by a famous New Jersey restaurant just across the New York state line. Hotel Lux learns of Perlee’s employment through a large advertisement in a New York City newspaper. It seeks to enjoin (prevent) Perlee from working in that restaurant as a chef for one year. Discuss how successful Hotel Lux will be in its action.

 

3. Joanne is a seventy-five-year-old widow who survives on her husband’s small pension. Joanne has become increasingly forgetful, and her family worries that she may have Alzheimer’s disease (a brain disorder that seriously affects a person’s ability to carry out daily activities). No physician has diagnosed her, however, and no court has ruled on Joanne’s legal competence. One day while she is out shopping, Joanne stops by a store that is having a sale on pianos and enters into a fifteen-year installment contract to buy a grand piano. When the piano arrives the next day, Joanne seems confused and repeatedly asks the delivery person why a piano is being delivered. Joanne claims that she does not recall buying a piano. Explain whether this contract is void, voidable, or valid. Can Joanne avoid her contractual obligation to buy the piano? If so, how?

 

4. State X requires that persons who prepare and serve liquor in the form of drinks at commercial establishments be licensed by the state to do so. The only requirement for obtaining a yearly license is that the person be at least twenty-one years old. Mickey, aged thirtyfive, is hired as a bartender for the Southtown Restaurant. Gerald, a staunch alumnus of a nearby university, brings twenty of his friends to the restaurant to celebrate a football victory one afternoon. Gerald orders four rounds of drinks, and the bill is nearly $600. When he learns that Mickey has failed to renew his bartender’s license, Gerald refuses to pay, claiming that the contract is unenforceable. Discuss whether Gerald is correct.

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WK6 QUIZ CA408

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Question 1  

By definition, mixed-methods research designs

 

 

include both relationship questions and difference questions in the same study.

 

 

include both descriptive and inferential statistics in the analysis.

 

 

include both quantitative and qualitative data.

 

 

include a number of quantitative measures of student performance.

 

 

 

Question 2

 

 

Of the following, which best illustrates an example of a mixed-methods study?

 

 

Jenka conducts interviews and observations in her study of transitional students.

 

 

Vanda conducts observations and supplements her findings with class grades.

 

 

Micky looks at percentages of successful transitions from the district and class grades.

 

 

Svec interviews both parents and their children regarding transition.

 

 

 

Question 3

 

A study that relies primarily on quantitative data and uses qualitative data to follow up is considered an example of which approach to mixed methods design?

 

 

Multiphase iterative

 

 

Embedded

 

 

Exploratory

 

 

Explanatory

 

 

Question 4

 

Dorothy has been collecting both quantitative and qualitative data in parallel. She wanted to ensure triangulation with the hope that analyses of both data sets lead to similar conclusions about the phenomenon under investigation. Which design has Dorothy employed?

 

 

Convergent

 

 

Embedded

 

 

Multiphase iterative

 

 

Explanatory

 

 

Question 5

 

Rodrigo wanted to investigate students’ feeling about reading for pleasure. First, he interviewed students and then he used insights from the interviews to construct a survey to collect quantitative data. Which design has Rodrigo employed?

 

 

Convergent

 

 

Embedded

 

 

Exploratory

 

 

Explanatory

 

Question 6

Sharon wanted to investigate student perceptions of homework. First, she distributed a survey to students and their parents and collected quantitative data. Second, she interviewed a few participants to gain insights on their survey responses. Which design has Sharon employed?

 

 

Convergent

 

 

Embedded

 

 

Exploratory

 

 

Explanatory

 

 

 

Question 7  

Tacita is interested in how teachers’ classroom management practices change over time. She conducts observations of 8 teachers’ classrooms over the course of five years. She interviews the teachers and follows up with counts of referral data, disciplinary notes in children’s files, and number of notes home per teacher per year. This study can be described as a:

 

 

QUAN-QUAL study

 

 

QUAN-qual study

 

 

QUAL-quan study

 

 

Quantitative study

 

 

Question 8

 

The QUAN-qual model of mixed methods design is also known as

 

 

triangulation.

 

 

interpretation.

 

 

exploratory.

 

 

explanatory.

 

 

 

Question 9

 

Mixed-methods research that has more than one phase usually employs which type of sampling method?

 

 

stratified random

 

 

purposive

 

 

probability

 

 

systematic

 

 

Question 10  

Mixed-methods researchers should ask themselves, “Are the quantitative and qualitative data equally relevant to the same or related topics and research question(s)?” This question is most useful to help the researcher evaluate:

 

 

the validity of the study.

 

 

the purpose of the study.

 

 

the type of analysis to be used in the study.

 

 

the conclusions drawn as a result of the study.

 

 

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Law homework help

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1.Read eBOOK page 457-478

pick one of question from questions number 5-15, then write analysis for it.

QUESTIONS AND CASE PROBLEMS are in the page 476-478

300 words analysis

 

2.Read eBOOK page 479-502

pick one of question from questions number 10-15, then write analysis for it.

QUESTIONS AND CASE PROBLEMS are in the page 500-502

 

300 words analysis

 

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Fine Arts in the Modern World: LA_104

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Share your reaction to Merce Cunningham’s dance Second Hand (link to the YouTube clip below; 3.23 minutes) in one paragraph.  Make sure that you understand the explanations about Cunningham’s pieces as “existential expression” (Fiero, p. 447), i.e. you need to read your textbook closely and seek more information online!  Avoid hasty negative judgments, and instead open your mind to understanding the choreography and performance.

[URL:  Merce Cunningham dance Second Hand:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-FwiMlDQ7rI]

  • your substantive post should include your own reading/understanding of this multi-art form work

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CJUS 350

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Use proper etiquette in discussion. Quality as well as quantity counts. Present your own opinion on the assigned topic in a 300–500-word thread. Provide at least 1 reference and 1 Scripture in support of your thread.

 

 

Discussion Board Grading Rubric

Student:
Criteria Points Possible Points Earned Instructor’s Comments
Thread
All key components of the Discussion Board Forum prompts are answered in a new thread that includes 1 reference and 1 scripture. 25    
Major points are supported by the following:

·      Reading & Study materials

·      Good examples (pertinent, conceptual, or personal examples are acceptable)

·      Thoughtful analysis (considering assumptions, analyzing implications, and comparing/contrasting concepts)

 40  
Proper spelling and grammar are used. 25  
Required word count (300–500 words) is met. 10  
Replies
Required word count (150–250 words each) for 2 replies is met. 5    
Major points are supported by the following:

·      Reading & Study materials

·      Good examples (pertinent, conceptual, or personal examples are acceptable)

·      Thoughtful analysis (considering assumptions, analyzing implications, and comparing/contrasting concepts)

 20  
Appropriate “netiquette” manners are used (for example, no name-calling or labeling another student’s idea a derogatory term, such as “stupid” or “dumb,” even when disagreeing—see Student Expectations). 5  
Proper spelling and grammar are used. 20  
Total 150    

 

 

 

 

1 day ago

Eddie Duran

DB Forum 2

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While the Fourth Amendment started off simple, in language,  there have been “millions of pages of text- in the forms of case opinions, law review articles, and legal treaties” trying to interpret the words of the Fourth Amendment (Worrall, 2012, pg. 73-74).  The Fourth Amendment protects persons, houses, papers, and effects and its foundation prohibits unreasonable search and seizures and prevents warrants from being issued without probable cause.  As stated by Worrall (2012), the language in the Fourth Amendment is constantly evolving which is proven by the number of Supreme Court decisions throughout the years (pg.74).  The exclusionary rule was not a part of the U.S. Constitution and was created by the U.S. Supreme Court. As we learned in Week 2, the exclusionary rule “requires that evidence obtained in violation of the Constitution cannot be used in a criminal trial to prove guilt” (Worrall, 2012, pg. 42) and as Donald Dripp (2001) notes, there are “few debates in American law are as sustained, or as biter, as the debate over the exclusionary rule” (pg. 1)

In his article “the Case for the Contingent Exclusionary Rule”, Donald Dripps presents “constitutional remedies” and how “exclusions and damages might be combined to provide an effective yet politically sustainable remedy for constitutional violations” (pg. 2). The goal would be to set damages and compensate well instead of suppressing evidence in violation of the Fourth Amendment which could deter those from violating constitutional rights.  The courts would be allowed to consider the disciplinary actions taken by law enforcement and if it was sufficient, the evidence would be allowed.  This remedy would “encourage honest fact-finding and fair interpretation of the Constitution” (Dripps, 2001, pg. 3). It would also deter police from committing perjury, inspire better police work, and improve police training. Dripps also asserts that by having an effective deterrent remedy, future innocent victims could be protected.

I believe Dripps idea has some merit and could apply in real world application but it would be difficult. Dripps model seems to follow the words of Colossians 3:12-13 which says” Put on then, as God’s chosen ones, holy and beloved, compassionate hearts, kindness, humility, meekness, and patience, bearing with one another and, if one has a complaint against another, forgiving each other; as the Lord has forgiven you, so you also must forgive” (ESV). His theory would hold law enforcement officers accountable for their decisions on the scene and ensure that there is integrity in the process. It could still preserve evidence that while it may not have been seized legally, is still important to the case. But as much as I think Dripps model could work in the real world, there is still room for manipulation and abuse.  While the model is to deter police and ensure that they do what is right, who is to say the judge imposing the amount of damages is completely honest and moral?  Who is to determine what is the appropriate level of damages, each individual judge or do they have parameters based on the type of evidence, crime, and severity of the rights violated? Also, where would the damages go? Who gains to benefit the most? I also think there is a fine line of having police departments pay fines in order to keep evidence from being excluded which can give the appearance that a case can be bought.

I believe Dripps model is compatible in restorative justice in that it requires police departments to pay for damages for violating someone’s constitutional rights, which is the premise for restorative justice by trying to repair harm, involving all stakeholders, and transforming the relationship between communities and governments (restorativejustice.org).  The goal for any punishment to a crime is to deter a person from even committing it or committing it again and Dripps model tries to make that attempt.

References

Dripps, D. (2001). The case for the contingent exclusionary rule. The American Criminal Law Review, 38(1), 1-46.

Worrall, John L. Criminal Procedure: From First Contact to Appeal. Boston: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon, 2012. Print.

“What Is Restorative Justice?” —. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2014. http://www.restorativejustice.org/university-classroom/01introduction

 

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16 hours ago

Kira Egbert

DB2

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Top of Form

The constitutional criminal Procedure is set in regards to amendments of the constitution in which outline our rights at citizens. “Criminal Procedure is a set of rules and guidelines that describes how suspected and accused criminals are to be handled and processed by the Justice System” (Lab, 2016 pg 31). Mr. Dripps’s argument is compatible with the Criminal Process of restorative justice. Restorative justice is a system of criminal justice that focuses primarily on the rehabilitation of offenders through friendly relations with the offender’s victims as well as the community. The rule is in place in order to eliminate evidence, which was collected in violation to the constitution for a criminal trial in order to prove guilt. “Critics of the exclusionary rule routinely argue that it constitutes a loophole in the criminal justice process that allows guilty criminals to go free.” (Lab, 2016 pg.45)

In the real world, Dripps argument would serve the victim while also serving society to a point. Dripps model seems to hold law enforcement officers accountable for their decisions at the point of arrest or being pulled over, ensure that there is integrity, and respect in the process. It would open various doors for relationships in the community but also leave room for manipulating responses and or abuse. In Proverbs 21:15 the Bible tells us “When justice is done, it brings joy to the righteous but brings terror to evildoers”. (Open Bible, n.d.)

 

Dr. Kahlib Fischer’s presentation in Module/Week 1 is compatible with Dripps’ Model of “Contingent Suppression” with restorative justice due the relationship’s and restorative justice not being the same and or similar. Based upon Dr. Kahlib Fischer’s presentation, he had mentioned that it is not up to the government officials to build and repair relationships, it is those in the community that are responsible to rebuild and care for one another, that is not left in the hands of  a government official. It is to reenact and restore social justice and help the needy as well as those who truly understand our placement.

 

Word Count: 370

Works Cited

Lab, S. P. (2016). Crime prevention: Approaches, practices, and evaluations (9th ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.

Open Bible. (n.d.). Retrieved from Open Bible : https://www.openbible.info

 

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fine Arts in the Modern World: LA_104_

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1. Compare and contrast Adolf von Menzel’s Iron Mills (Das Eisenwalzwerk—Moderne Zyklopen; translated:  The Iron-Rolling Mill–Modern Cyclops; 1875; oil on canvas. Figure 30.3) with Thomas Eakins’ The Agnew Clinic (1889; oil on canvas.  Figure 30.21).  For a clearer view, search for von Menzel’s and for Eakins’ work under Google-Images and upload the Wikimedia image.  Enlarge the images and scroll across the screen, so that you can actually see the details.  Describe each work in a separate paragraph of at least 75 words (total of 150 words for both). 

In a third paragraph, elaborate on the differences and similarities including the explanation of the two different worlds and classes of society reflected in the art works.  What is the context of each work –one a painting of an iron mill in Germany, the other of a medical amphitheater in the United States?  Were both works commissioned or painted by the artist out of his own desire?  Your third paragraph should have a minimum of an additional 50 words.

Information on von Menzel’s work:  http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_image.cfm?image_id=1312

Information on Eakins’ work: http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1800s/1889med/agnewclinic.html

 

2. Which art work in chapter 31 is considered by some critics the “first modern painting” (this is a quote from your textbook, thus, you are asked to find the quote as well as the specific art work to which Fiero’s text refers)?  List the artist, title, date, medium, and figure number, and explain why it is considered the “first modern painting.”  You may quote from the textbook, but do not forget to indicate the page number!  (Only a one-sentence answer is required for this explanation.)

 

3. Look closely at Marcel Duchamp’s Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (1912; oil on canvas; figure 32.11).  Read the information in your textbook provided by Fiero on Duchamp’s work as well as the information on Umberto Boccioni’s Unique Forms of Continuity in Space (1913; bronce; figure 32.9), and the text on “The Birth of Motion Pictures” (also in your textbook).  Expand your freshly gained knowledge (CRUCIAL) by reading the online text on Duchamp’s work provided by the Philadelphia Museum of Art at: http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/51449.html.

Describe Duchamp’s painting in detail including the early exhibition experience in Paris (1912 in the Salon des Indépendants) and in New York City (1913 at the Armory Show) in at least 75 words.

 

Add a paragraph discussing how Duchamp’s interpretation differs from the traditional “reclining nudes in the art” (google the phrase to see examples).  What could this mean for the traditional image of the female in the arts (i.e., what do reclining women do as opposed to women walking down stairs?)?  In the same paragraph, explain the connection between Duchamp’s painting and the beginning of motion pictures.  Write an additional 75 words.

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