In 500 words and supported with scholarly nursing journals, explain the difference between subjective and objective assessments and why they are important.  

one reference from peer-reviewed Nursing Journal not older than 5 years required, APA format required.

SLO #3 News Media – How to Spot Fake News

Read and watch the following:  http://www.factcheck.org/2016/11/how-to-spot-fake-news/ and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UYc-hd1QSwA

If you had to help someone spot “fake news,” what would you tell them?  Choose a news article from a reputable media outlet and compare it to an online story that you know is fake.  Using the checklist provided on the factcheck web site, compare the two.  Although fake news is not new, it seems harder to distinguish and more accepted now.  Why?  How will this acceptance of fake news impact our democracy? 

 I need this by 6pm  EST  

Southeast Medical Center Case Study

Review the Southeast Medical Center case study found on page 92 of the course text.  Of the recommendations found on pages 100-101, select the three which you consider to be the highest priority/most important to the case.  Justify your reasoning. 

Your paper must be three to five double-spaced pages (excluding title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined. Utilize a minimum of two scholarly and/or peer-reviewed sources that were published within the last five years. All sources must be documented in APA style, as outlined 

I put 4 comment here because in this class the teacher ask for (4 comments only) no 6 as in the previous class. You can write 75 words in each and if you know about the theme or comment and you have substantive answer like your own comment you can write without references. Thanks.

Comment 1

Six articles that I have chosen to summarize for my research include the following:

1. Establishing a Nurse Mentor Program to Improve Nurse Satisfaction and Intent to Stay. This article used Benner’s novice to expert theory as a tool to develop a nurse mentor program in an Emergency Department.  The Benner Theory is focused on five levels of expertise five levels of proficiency: * novice * advanced beginner * competent * proficient * expert and the process nurses use to mature in the nursing profession. The nurses volunteered feedback about their experience in the nurse mentor program (Jones, 2016).
2. Nurse retention: A review of strategies to create and enhance positive practice environments in clinical settings. This paper summarizes and reviews the strategies that support retention of nurses through creation and enhancement of positive work environments in the clinical setting (Twigg, D., & McCullough, K., 2014).
3. 2018 National Health Care Retention & RN Staffing Report . This article looks at the value hospitals put on their staff and the correlation to commitment, confidence, and engagement. Hospitals believe that retention is a key strategy and the focusing of enhancing the culture that supports this belief (Colosi, B., March 2018).
4. The impact of nurse residency programs in the United States on improving retention and satisfaction of new nurse hires: An evidence-based literature review.      A focus on entry level newly graduated nurses and the work conditions that may affect retention and satisfaction with job. This literature is aimed at the use of a one-year nurse residency program compared to the traditional orientation and its effects on turnover rates (Eckerson, C. M., 2018).
5. Factors related to the intention to leave and the decision to resign among newly graduated nurses: A complete survey in a selected prefecture in Japan  This study looks at the factors related to intention to leave and the decision to quit among newly graduated nurses (Tei-Tominaga, M., 2012).
6. An Evidence-Based Protocol for Nurse Retention  This article focuses on nurse leaders and the positive relationship and the effects on employee retention and satisfaction (Gess, E., Manojlovich, M., & Warner, S., 2008).

Strengths related to using these articles for research are that they all portray relevant information regarding the retention of newly hired nurses and data related to staff retention. The information received from participants would be confidential, so views could be given free from judgement or fear of retaliation.

Weakness may be related to the amount of information specific to night shift retention. A Potential weakness may be finding willing participants to collect enough data to form a conclusion.

Comment 2

Chen, Y. Y., Chi, M. M., Chen, Y. C., Chan, Y. J., Chou, S. S., & Wang, F. D. (2013). Using a criteria-based reminder to reduce the use of indwelling urinary catheters and decrease urinary tract infections. American Journal of Critical Care, 22(2), 105-114.
The article intends to reveal criteria based reminders are useful in the diagnosis and cure of urinary tract infections.
Strength: This article is only focused on urinary catheters and discusses every minute detail
Weakness: It does not mention other vital methods for prevention
Clarke, K., Tong, D., Pan, Y., Easley, K. A., Norrick, B., Ko, C. … & Stein, J. (2013). Reduction in catheter-associated urinary tract infections by bundling interventions. International journal for quality in health care, 25(1), 43-49. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzs077
            The author here proposed interventions to prevent urinary tract infections.
Strength: the author has not lengthened the article despite proposing several things
Weakness: Without any substantial comparison, an author has regarded one intervention as best of all others
Gould, C. V., Umscheid, C. A., Agarwal, R. K., Kuntz, G., & Pegues, D. A. (2010). Guideline for prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections 2009. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 31(04), 319-326.
 
This article is based on the prevention types for catheter-associated urinary tract infections
Strength: It describes all reasons which may lead to the development of infection
Weakness: it does not figure out ways in which this infection may get severe
Hebden, J. N. (2014). Nurse-directed catheter removal protocols to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection: Strategies for implementation. American journal of infection control, 42(6), 670
The article provides deep insights into how individuals can benefit from nurse-directed catheter removal protocol
Strength: It helps gain insights into types of urinary tract infections that patient can encounter
Weakness: it does not declare a suggested method to be an effective one
Magers, T. L. (2013): Using evidence-based practice to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections. AJN The American Journal of Nursing, 113(6), 34-42.
            The author has mentioned real life and practices to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections
Strength: The author motivates its prevention
Weakness: substantially, no prevention methodologies are mentioned
Parry, M. F., Grant, B., & Sestovic, M. (2013). Successful reduction in catheter-associated urinary tract infections: focus on nurse-directed catheter removal. American journal of infection control, 41(12), 1178-1181.
            In this article, Author has discussed and tried to measure the role of a nurse in catheter removal
Strength: the charts and diagrams presented are viable for understanding pain units
Weakness: It has less practical implication due to the non-addition of any possible solution

Comment 3 3DQ2

Two methods for evaluating evidence would be Randomized Controlled Trials and Observation research. The Observational research such as surveys and qualitative studies can be a platform for informing practice. This type or research measures but does not control the variables. Randomized studies between control groups is random (Reinhardt, 2010). This design is the random assignment of study participants to either a group that receives the treatment being studied (the “treatment group”) or a group that does not receive the treatment (the “control group”).

We may also need to determine whether the article supplies Qualitative vs Quantitative information. Depending on what type of data is required to defend the hypothesis.

Quantitative – Quantitative research is measurable and uses data and statistics to form basis for hypothesis (Grove, Gray, and Burns, 2015).

Qualitative- “Qualitative research is a systematic approach used to describe experiences and situations from the perspective of the person in the situation. The researcher analyzes the words of the participant, finds meaning in the words, and provides a description of the experience that promotes deeper understanding of the experience” (Grove, Gray, and Burns, 2015).  This type of research is based on perception and emotions.

Comment 4

For the evaluation of evidence, the use of quantitative and qualitative methods is the ones on which a medical practitioner can rely. In qualitative methods, use of literature is made along with previous studies to provide viable arguments. Comparatively quantitative methods are wise enough to generate data and compare statistics and then coin any particular verdict to the evidence. One cannot say that one is superior over others as both come with pros and cons. Qualitative methods often make use of interviews and often believes in professional advice for generating the result. They do not go into any in-depth study to find out if opinions are valid or error-free. Quantitative method is known for conducting data and experiments and processing the data while correlating them to reach a possible solution (Creswell, 2007). Hence regarding medical aspects, quantitative data is more appropriate to rely on than qualitative analysis. Qualitative methods, however, is essential for increasing knowledge about any aspect. Though for proper evaluation and for proving a point, the need of quantitative analysis has reached to a higher point, without numerical data, it is not wise to make health care related decisions as it directly affects a life.
Evaluating different evidence methods: There are several methods of evaluating evidence methods are present, but the two most common methods of evaluating evidence are Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews. These two methods can help in the determination of the relevance and validity of the evidence. During the evaluating evidence both these systematic reviews and meta-analyses methods as well as similar and different.
Similarities:
Both the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses are considered the highest quality of evidence for clinical decision making and can be used above all the other methods of evaluating evidence.
Both the methods for evaluating evidence are similar because they involve the collection of data from different sources and summarizing all the evidence and results of the studies.
Differences:
While systematic review collects and summarizes all the empirical evidence, the meta-analysis uses statistical methods to summarize the results of the studies.
Second, Meta-analysis is a statistical method used to combine the numerical results from such studies, if it is possible to do. On the other hand, a systematic review is a formal, systematic and structured approach to review all the relevant literature on a topic.
Third, the rationale for Meta-analysis is that through the combination of samples from different studies the overall sample size is increased, while the rationale for systematic reviews is that when data is pooled together from different sources, greater reliability would be obtained.
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2007). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Melnyk BM, Fineout- Overholt E, Mays MZ. The evidence-based practice beliefs and implementation scales: psychometric properties of two new instruments. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2008;5(4):208-216.

1. Medicaid plans face several operational challenges, including challenging populations and an uncertain policy and payment environment. 
2. True
   False

4.5 points   

QUESTION 2

1. Sandy is the new practice manager of Precise Physicians group. Part of her new role is to explain the goal of managed care, in order to educate staff on its purpose and how it impacts the business’ activities and reimbursement strategies. If you were Sandy you would explain that the goal of managed care activities include all but the following?
2. manage the cost of health care 
3. provide free healthcare service to the uninsured
4. influence the quality of that health care
5. provide better access to that care

4.5 points   

QUESTION 3

1. Data analysis is a powerful asset to businesses and individuals, to be able to compare information for decision making. But in order to be considered useful for data analysis purposes, data must be all of the following except:
2. Be clean and valid
3. Encompass a specific and short time period
4. Link appropriately if it comes from multiple sources
5. Be consistent and mean the same thing from 
6. provider to provider

4.5 points   

QUESTION 4

1. Which of the following scenarios BEST describes how capitation works in regard to physician reimbursement?
2. A physician is paid the same amount regardless of how many members receive services in a given month or how expensive those services are.
3. A physician is paid based on use of services by members or race or gender.
4. A physician rate can vary depending on such factors as age, gender, current health status, geography, and practice type.
5. None are correct

4.5 points   

QUESTION 5

1. Administrative claims data can serve many different uses for reporting and analysis in managed care. Which of the following examples BEST describes possible uses of this data:
2. Monitor utilization patterns and the cost of health care
3. Conduct clinical investigations
4. Patient profiling
5. None are correct

4.5 points   

QUESTION 6

1. Which of the following calculation scenarios describe capitation in regard to physician reimbursement?
2. If a physician receives $100 per month per member and the plan has 20 members, then the physician will receive $2000/month.
3. Even if no members seek services in a given month, the physician is still compensated $2000.
4. On the other hand, if all 20 members seek services in a given month, the physician is still only paid $2000.
5. All are correct

4.5 points   

QUESTION 7

1. In most situations, providers have the option whether or not to participate in P4P programs though involuntary participation is possible. This may be a reflection of the idea that most of pay-for-performance (P4P) incentives are financial. 
2. True
   False

4.5 points   

QUESTION 8

1. Which of the following is NOT a descriptive element of a P4P program?
2. A variety of measures can be used; measures may be simple or complex; it is recommended that measures be straightforward, understandable, and valid.
3. Rewards include the following: tiering, reimbursement adjustments, and bonus payments
4. A common method of per diem is straight per diem; this method is a negotiated single charge for a day in the hospital regardless of any actual charges or costs incurred.
5. None are correct

4.5 points   

QUESTION 9

1. Managed care organizations have a wide array of tools to promote prevention through the use of activities, such as case management. To achieve maximum impact, managed care organizations need to make use of the entire set of tools available to them. Components of a strong managed care prevention program include the following.
2. immunizations and screenings included in benefits
3. health risk assessments for select populations only
4. free fitness center memberships
5. none are correct

4.5 points   

QUESTION 10

1. The following should be considered when designing and implementing technology and information systems:
2. Visibility, because only external customers should be considered.
3. Security and privacy, because employees should be individually responsible for security audits.
4. Usability, because users’ needs should not be met.
5. Flexibility, because systems should have the capability to be easily modified to meet changing requests.