Week 4

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Please respond to this post with a minimum of two paragraphs, APA STYLE, cited with TWO references or more and NO PLAGIARISM. Should you have any questions please contact me.

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Polypharmacy is the effect of taking two or more medications to treat health problems. For example, taking medications to treat diabetes and hypertension. Polypharmacy is usually problematic and this can be seen when the patient takes too many medication from different health providers who are independent of one another. If appropriately used, medication can prolong life while the adverse effect of Polypharmacy can lead to the elderly patients developing problems.

One of the ways in which Polypharmacy can occur is through having different health providers who do not completely know about the patient’s medication (Woodruff, 2015). Therefore, a risk factor for Polypharmacy is seeing several health providers. In order to alleviate such a problem, advanced nurse practitioner should research the medical background of a patient. A nurse practitioner should also keep information about a patient up to date. This avoids development of medication duplication and provides with the best treatment of patients.

Advanced nurse practitioners themselves can lead to Polypharmacy. One way they may do this is through the misconception that patients have to take with them a drug which may not be necessary. There can also be poor or inaccurate advice which can lead to patients taking the wrong medications (Hughes, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, & United States, 2012). Poor knowledge on drugs and failure to review the medications of a patient on regular basis can lead to Polypharmacy. A solution to this involves doing medication reviews. In this case, a nurse practitioner may be able to take multiple reviews (Hughes, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, & United States, 2012). He or she should provide the right information to the patient which can then be sent to patients using emails or texts to ensure that they have the needed information any time they require it. A nurse can use the assistance of a physician when administering complex medication. The idea is to reduce errors resulting from medication errors brought about by a nurse.

One of the effective methods of alleviating Polypharmacy is through the use of medication card which has a list of current medications in which one should adhere with. The list should be shared with the physician as well as other people involved and as a result the patients will be able to adhere with it. Review of a patient’s medication is also used to alleviate Polypharmacy. Studies show that 10 to 70 percent of medications given to the elderly were not appropriate (Madaffari, 2013).

References

Hughes, R., Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, & United States. (2012). Patient safety and quality: An evidence-based handbook for nurses. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

Madaffari, V. A. (2013). Implementation of a medication management improvement system for community- dwelling older adults. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 3(7). doi:10.5430/jnep.v3n7p85

Woodruff, K. (2015). Preventing polypharmacy in older adults. American Nurse Today, 5(10), 1-8.

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Mod 1 Case

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INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY THEORY AND HEALTH STATISTICS

Case Assignment

Part I (approximately 1–1½ pages, total):

Copy and paste the following examples (1-6 below), then respond by classifying each of the following variables as either: nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio. Provide a brief explanation where indicated.

  1. A researcher studying lifespan categorizes individuals into single, married, divorced, or widowed. What type of variable measurement is this?
  2. A cognitive scientist places her subjects into categories based on how anxious they tell her that they are feeling: “not anxious,” “mildly anxious,” “moderately anxious,” and “severely anxious,” and she uses the numbers 0, 1, 2 and 3 to label categories where lower numbers indicate less anxiety. What type of variable measurement is this? Are the categories mutually exclusive?
  3. A Physician diagnoses the presence or absence of disease (i.e., yes or no). What type of variable measurement is this?
  4. A person weighing 200 lbs. is considered to be twice as heavy as a person weighing 100 lbs. In this case, what type of measurement is body weight?
  5. A nurse takes measurements of body temperature on patients and reports them in units of degrees Farenheit as part of a study. What type of variable measurement is this?
  6. Patients rate their experience in the emergency room on a five point scale from poor to excellent (1 = very poor, 2 = not very good, 3 = neither good nor bad, 4 = quite good, and 5 = excellent). What type of variable measurement is this? Is the difference between a 1 and a 2 necessarily the same as the difference between a 3 and a 4? Explain briefly.

Part II: Statistics (1/2 page)

Given what you’ve learned in this module about the meaning of “statistics,” choose one of the examples from Part I (1-6), and raise a relevant question of your own that could be answered by a statistician. Then without answering your own question, explain how a pattern could be studied or a useful prediction made based on data that are to be collected.

Part III: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Data (approximately 1–1½ pages)

A health scientist wishes to measure how well participants diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder are coping. Explain how a variable such as coping could be measured quantitatively or qualitatively.

Assignment Expectations

Assessment and Grading: Your paper will be assessed based on the performance assessment rubric that is linked within the course. Review it before you begin working on the assignment.

The following guidance appears only in Module 1, but it applies to the assignments throughout the course:

File format: Your work should be prepared using Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, or Excel depending upon the assignment instructions. For assignments requiring video or voice recordings, use media formats that are supported by MyTLC Courses as noted in our Trident Support page.

In-text citations and references: Be sure that all information and ideas in your papers are supported by in-text citations and corresponding references at the end of the paper.

Scholarly sources: Online sources must be limited to credible professional and scholarly publications such as peer-reviewed journal articles, e-books, or specific webpages on websites from a university, government, or nonprofit organization (these have extensions .edu, .gov, or .org). Presenting consumer sources such as e-magazines, newspapers, Wikipedia, WebMD, or other commercial websites (these have extensions .com) as references is not appropriate.

Scholarly writing: Use an academic paper format, not an essay based on your opinions or experience. Avoid using the first person in writing. Synthesize what you learned from the sources you read; write papers in your own words; and cite sources within the text, as well as include a properly formatted reference list.

Use of direct quotes: Use of direct quotes should be avoided. Only use direct quotes when preserving the exact words of an author is necessary. In the rare instance that directly quoted material is used, it must be properly cited (with quotation marks and page numbers in the in-text citation); quotes should not exceed 5-10% of the total paper content.

The Writing Style Guide that is linked on the TLC Portal homepage under My Resources will help clarify expectations.

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Discussion 4

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Where can you find evidence to inform your thoughts and scholarly writing? Throughout your degree program, you will use the research literature to explore ideas, guide your thinking, and gain new insights. As you search the research literature, it is important to use resources that are peer-reviewed and from scholarly journals. You may already have some favorite online resources and databases that you use or have found useful in the past. For this Discussion, you explore databases available through the Walden Library.

To prepare:

  • Review the information presented in the Learning Resources for using the Walden Library, searching the databases, and evaluating online resources.
  • Begin searching for a peer-reviewed article that pertains to your practice area and is of particular interest to you.
  • Identify the database that you used to search for a peer-reviewed article in your area of practice and interest.
  • Reflect on your experience with searching the database. Did you note any difficulties when searching for an article? What steps/strategies did you find helpful for locating a peer-reviewed article? Would this database be useful to your colleagues? Would you recommend this database?
  • Once you have select your peer-reviewed article, evaluate its strengths and weaknesses in terms of scholarly writing, bias, opinion, quality of evidence, and appropriateness to its target audience.

Post a brief summary of your peer-reviewed article, the database you located your article in, your database searching experience, key words utilized in the search, and analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the article.

Support your Discussion assignment with specific resources used in its preparation using APA formatting. You are asked to provide a reference for all resources, including those in the Learning Resources for this course.

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DNP-805 Topic 2 DQ 2

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Max Points: 5.0

 

You are now a DNP-prepared nurse in a new leadership position in clinical practice. Analyze your new practice workflow to incorporate seeing patients and in regards to communication with the health care team and the infusion of the EHR into your practice. What elements do you need to consider if this position is in a magnet acute-care hospital in a busy metropolitan area? How might your practice change if the setting was a rural regional clinic system?

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infection

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Antimicrobial agents are essential components in the treatment of various bacterial infections as they help to kill or prevent the growth of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoans. Prior to the discovery of antimicrobial agents, treatment options for patients with bacterial infections were limited. For many patients, treatment often resulted in the amputation of limbs or even death. Today, treatment options for bacterial infections typically have a more positive prognosis. Due to the various types of infections presented in patients, it is essential to be able to identify the underlying cause of the infection—whether bacterial or viral—before recommending drug treatments. This will help you identify whether or not an antimicrobial agent would be appropriate and which specific agent would target the infection. In this Assignment, you consider the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents for infections.

To prepare:
  • Review this week’s media presentation on principles of antimicrobial therapy, as well as Chapter 8 of the Arcangelo and Peterson text.
  • Consider the categories of antimicrobial agents.
  • Think about differences between viral and bacterial infections.
  • Reflect on why proper identification of the infection is key to selecting the proper antimicrobial agent.

Write a 3- to4- page paper that addresses the following:

  • Describe the categories of antimicrobial agents.
  • Describe differences between viral and bacterial infections.
  • Explain why proper identification of viral and bacterial infections is key to selecting the proper antimicrobial agent.

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discussion

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Clinical Documentation Improvement (CDI)

Physician documentation is the source by which the coder begins to select the correct diagnosis and procedure codes. There has been a lot of discussion for physicians to improve their clinical documentation.

Research Clinical Documentation Improvement (CDI) related to ICD 10 and indicate how this movement benefits the clinical coding specialist /medical coder in their day to day work.

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Week 2 Assignment Patient Educational Flyer

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Details:

 

Design a 1-2 page patient education flyer/pamphlet for an alternative medicine/herbal product.

Describe the product, its intended use, side effects, adverse reactions, and safety issues (risks and benefits of using an alternative medication/herbal product versus a prescription medication).

The flyer should include at least two community and/or online resources for the patient to obtain more information.

APA format is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin.

 

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Nursing homework help

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Discussion: Influencing Social Change

Individuals with psychiatric mental health disorders are frequently stigmatized not only by society as a whole, but also by their friends, family, and sometimes healthcare providers. In your role, however, you have the opportunity to become a social change agent for these individuals. For this Discussion, consider how you might make a positive impact for your clients and advocate for social change within your own community.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

· Apply strategies to become a social change agent for psychiatric mental health

Learning Resources

Note:  To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the  Course Materials  section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

 

Angermeyer, M. C., Matschinger, H., & Schomerus, G. (2013). Attitudes towards psychiatric treatment and people with mental illness: Changes over two decades. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 203(2), 146–151. Retrieved from http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/203/2/146.full

 

Bui, Q. (2012). Antidepressants for agitation and psychosis in patients with dementia. American Family Physician, 85(1), 20–22. Retrieved from http://www.aafp.org/journals/afp.html

Note: Retrieved from from the Walden Library databases.

 

Dingfelder, S. F. (2009). Stigma: Alive and well. American Psychological Association, 40(6), 56. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/monitor/2009/06/stigma.aspx

 

Jenkins, J. H. (2012). The anthropology of psychopharmacology: Commentary on contributions to the analysis of pharmaceutical self and imaginary. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 36(1), 78–79. doi:10.1007/s11013-012-9248-0

 

Note: Retrieved from from the Walden Library databases.

Price, L. H. (2010). Violence in America: Is psychopharmacology the answer? Brown University Psychopharmacology Update, 21(5), 5. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1556-7532

Note: Retrieved from from the Walden Library databases.

Optional Resources

 

Bennett, T. (2015). Changing the way society understands mental health. National Alliance on Mental Illness. Retrieved from http://www.nami.org/Blogs/NAMI-Blog/April-2015/Changing-The-Way-Society-Understands-Mental-Health

 

Mechanic, D. (2007). Mental health services then and now. Health Affairs, 26(6), 1548–1550. Retrieved from http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/26/6/1548.full

 

Rothman, D. J. (1994). Shiny, happy people: The problem with “cosmetic psychopharmacology.” New Republic, 210(7), 34–38.

To prepare for this Discussion:

· Reflect on how you might influence social change for psychiatric mental health.

Note : For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on  Submit !

By Day 3

Post an explanation of how you, as a nurse practitioner, might become a social change agent for psychiatric mental health. Include how you might advocate for change within your own community.

 

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final written assignment

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Project: Scholar-Practitioner Project: Public Health Leadership Theory

The Assignment (9–12 pages):
Section 1 — Abstract and Introduction (1–2 pages)
Section 2 — Revised Literature Review and Problem Statement (5–7 pages):
Literature Review to include:
A synthesis of the literature of 15–20 peer reviewed, scholarly resources
A description of theoretical gaps in the research
Problem Statement to include:
An explanation of the specific problem that addresses identified gaps within the literature
An explanation of how your problem statement incorporates implications for positive social change.
Section 3 — Personal Public Health Leadership Theory (2–3 pages):
An articulation of your personal Public Health Leadership Theory
Section 4 — Revised Visual Representation of Your Public Health Leadership Theory (3–4 pages):
Your visual representation should include:
Your personal Public Health Leadership Theory to address the gaps identified in the literature
A visual representation of the theory (e.g. table, graph, matrix)
A explanation on how the theory addresses the literature gap identified in Week 5
A description of how your theory incorporates aspects of systems thinking
Section 5 — Empirical Evaluation Plan for a Public Health Leadership Theory (3–4 pages):
You will assess if the newly developed leadership theory addresses the problem you have been working on. What methodological steps will you use? How will you collect data? Suggestion – start with how theories in our text are evaluated. It does not have to be detailed, but it must include the methods, measures and analytic techniques.
If the assignments are done correctly, there should be an alignment from the topic of choice to the evaluation:
The topic is researched in the literature
The literature review points out a theoretical gap that needs to be addressed by leadership
The gap is turned into a problem statement
A leadership theory to address the problem proposed
The theory is depicted in a visual; and finally
An evaluation plan describes how the newly developed theory resolves the problem identified in the literature
To further help, examples (Two final projects – permission given to post) are located in the Doc Sharing area for this week
Section 6 — Conclusion (1–2 pages)
Section 7 — References
An APA-formatted reference list of 15–20 peer-reviewed, scholarly journals

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Class 4 Unit 3 Topic 1

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Purpose: Comment the Discussion (Class 504 Unit 3 Comment 2)

 

Thing to Remember:

Answer this discussion with opinions/ideas creatively and clearly. Supports post using several outside, peer-reviewed sources.

1 References, find resources that are 5 years or less

No errors with APA format 6 Edition

 

To Comment:

According to our text Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt (2015) external evidence is from research whereas internal evidence is the clinic practice as a result of a quality improvement project or evidence based practice. Porzsolt et al. (2003) define internal evidence as the clinicians “current knowledge” (n.p.).

My internal evidence for my PICOT is the knowledge that 100% of my endoscopic carpal tunnel patients in the past year have required revision with open carpal tunnel release. My external evidence are the randomized controlled trials that I found on my literature search via Ebscohost databases CINAHL and Cochrane determining there is no statistical difference in either procedure in regards to outcome in a 6-month time frame.

Searching utilizing a database to answer a PICOT questions does have its advantages over web-based search. When searching the web, you must ensure that the information is current and valid even when using and academic search engine such as google scholar. Web based searches often lead to too many results requiring more time for the clinician to weed through relevant information. The internet has made research at bedside possible however the clinician should be aware of the “soundness of the evidence, comprehensiveness and specificity, database ease of use, and access to database” when searching for literature (Hain & Kear, 2015). Although web base search engines will yield you numerous results you should be conscious as a clinician only relying on this information. Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt (2015) recommend utilizing another source when you find your research on google or google scholar. Many databases have healthcare literature allowing a clinician to narrow by certain criteria. CINAHL for example allows you to narrow by full text, peer reviewed evidence based literature results. Cochrane database is great for systemic reviews however the disadvantage is most full text articles require a fee. PubMed is a free database for clinicians to use when i the field and holds more citations then MEDLINE (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2015). However, Hain and Kear (2015) point out PubMed only produces the abstract.

 

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