Keith Rischer RN answers to assessment & reasoning respiratory system|2025

/in /by

Assessment & Reasoning

Respiratory System

 

 

John Franklin, 35 years old

 

Suggested Respiratory Nursing Assessment Skills to Be Demonstrated: • Inspection: Client positioning – tripod, position of comfort; (face) nasal flaring, pursed lips, color of face, lips;

(posterior)level of scapula – rise evenly, use of accessory muscles anterior/posterior, sternal/intercostal

retractions. Quality and pattern of respirations.

• Palpation: (posterior) down the back sequentially checking for tenderness/pain, warmth, crepitus & fremitus (best with ball of hand), chest wall expansion(symmetry) – thumbs over spine and fingers spread like butterfly

wings-pneumonia, pneumothorax. Assess for masses, bulges, muscle tone

• Percussion: Across and down back for resonance vs hyperresonance (pneumothorax), dullness (pneumonia). Avoid percussing over bone.

• Auscultation: Posterior – down the back sequentially from C7 (lung apex) to T10; anterior – above clavicles to sixth rib (xiphoid); flanks from axillae to 8th rib. Ladder type sequence moving right to left for comparison.

Listen for full inspirations and expiration.

• Palpation, percussion and auscultation follow same pattern and avoids scapula and spine (posterior) and mammary tissue (anteriorly) – assess as close to chest wall as possible. Compare left to right for aeration =

Make Learning Active! • Role play or go through the interview/body assessment process – student to student or as a group.

• Review the case study as an application exercise in small groups or together as a class.

• Depending on your program some of this content in the case study may not have been taught. Do not let that prevent you from utilizing this case study! Instead use it to promote learning by having students

identify what they do not yet know and provide guidance to where they can find the information in the

textbook or on the internet to address knowledge gaps. This is educational best practice and another way

to scaffold knowledge!

 

 

 

 

 

 

© 2019 Keith Rischer/www.KeithRN.com

Present Problem: John Franklin is a 35-year-old African American male who has a history of hypertension and asthma who smokes ½ ppd since the age of eighteen. He began to feel more short of breath after supper today and began to have a persistent non-

productive cough. He ran out of his albuterol inhaler two months ago and has audible expiratory wheezing when he

comes to the triage window of the emergency department (ED).

John is promptly brought to a room in the ED and you are the nurse responsible for his care.

 

What data from the present problem are RELEVANT and must be interpreted as clinically significant by the nurse? (Reduction of Risk Potential)

RELEVANT Data from Present Problem: Clinical Significance:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

What is the RELATIONSHIP of your patient’s past medical history (PMH) and current meds?

(Which medication treats which condition? Draw lines to connect.)

PMH: Home Meds: Pharm. Class: Mechanism of Action (own words):

Asthma

Hypertension

Albuterol inhaler 2 puffs

every 4 hours PRN

wheezing

 

Furosemide 20 mg PO daily

 

 

 

 

 

 

Patient Care Begins:

 

What vital signs are abnormal? What is the reason (pathophysiology) for these findings? (Reduction of Risk Potential/Health Promotion and Maintenance)

Abnormal VS: Clinical Significance:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current VS: P-Q-R-S-T Pain Assessment: T: 99.1 F-37.3 C (oral) Provoking/Palliative: Denies pain

P: 110 (regular) Quality:

R: 24 (regular) Region/Radiation:

BP: 188/110 Severity:

O2 sat: 91% RA Timing:

You place John on a cardiac monitor, continuous oximetry

and quickly collect the following assessment data:

 

 

 

© 2019 Keith Rischer/www.KeithRN.com

 

What assessment findings are abnormal? What is the reason (pathophysiology) for these findings? (Reduction of Risk Potential/Health Promotion & Maintenance)

RELEVANT Assessment Data: Clinical Significance:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Put it All Together and Think Like a Nurse!

1. Interpreting relevant clinical data, what is the primary problem? What body system(s) will you assess most thoroughly based on the primary/priority concern?

What’s the

problem?

What’s causing the problem?

(explain pathophysiology in OWN words)

PRIORITY Body

System to Assess:

 

 

2. Which specific nursing assessments for this body system are most important? Validate successful completion of each nursing assessment on a manikin (if available) identified with peer or faculty initials.

PRIORITY Nursing Assessments: Rationale: Validate Student

Performance:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current Assessment:

GENERAL: Appears anxious, body tense, brows furrowed RESP: Coarse inspiratory and expiratory wheezing with prolonged expiratory phase, labored breathing,

diminished aeration in bases, subcostal retractions present

CARDIAC: Skin warm and dry, no edema, heart sounds strong, regular with no abnormal beats/murmurs, pulses 3+ throughout, brisk cap refill

NEURO: Alert & oriented to person, place, time, and situation (x4) GI: Abdomen pink, flat, soft/nontender/symmetrical, bowel sounds audible per auscultation in all

four quadrants

GU: Voiding without pain/difficulty, reports urine clear/yellow

INTEGUMENTARY: Cool, moist forehead, skin integrity intact, skin turgor elastic, no tenting present

 

 

© 2019 Keith Rischer/www.KeithRN.com

3. What is the current nursing priority and plan of care?

Nursing PRIORITY:

PRIORITY Nursing Interventions: Rationale: Expected Outcome:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4. State the rationale and expected outcomes for the medical plan of care. Medical Management: Rationale: Expected Outcome:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Radiology Reports: What diagnostic results are RELEVANT and must be interpreted as clinically significant by the nurse? (Reduction of Risk Potential/Physiologic Adaptation)

Radiology: Chest X-Ray

Results: Clinical Significance:

No infiltrates noted, silhouette of

heart is slightly enlarged

 

 

 

 

Lab Results: Complete Blood Count (CBC)

WBC HGB PLTs % Neuts Bands

Current: 10.5 14.5 295 78 0

 

RELEVANT Lab(s): Clinical Significance:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

© 2019 Keith Rischer/www.KeithRN.com

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)

Na K Gluc. Creat.

Current: 140 3.2 185 1.3

RELEVANT Lab(s): Clinical Significance:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Evaluation: Thirty minutes later…

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. What data is RELEVANT and must be interpreted as clinically significant by the nurse? (Reduction of Risk Potential/Health Promotion and Maintenance)

RELEVANT VS Data: Clinical Significance: TREND: Improve/Worsening/Stable:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current VS: Most Recent: Current PQRST: T: 99.1 F-37.3 C (oral) T: 99.1 F-37.3 C (oral) Provoking/Palliative: P: 96 (regular) P: 110 (regular) Quality: Denies R: 20 (regular) R: 24 (regular) Region/Radiation: BP: 146/90 BP: 188/110 Severity: O2 sat: 95% RA O2 sat: 91% RA Timing:

Current Assessment:

GENERAL

APPEARANCE:

Resting comfortably, appears in no acute distress

RESP: Breath sounds have mild expiratory wheezing with equal aeration bilaterally, able to

speak in full sentences with no SOB

CARDIAC: Pink, warm & dry, no edema, heart sounds regular with no abnormal beats, pulses

strong, equal with palpation at radial/pedal/post-tibial landmarks

NEURO: Alert & oriented to person, place, time, and situation (x4), less anxious

GI: Abdomen pink, flat, soft/nontender/symmetrical, bowel sounds audible per

auscultation in all four quadrants

GU: Voiding without difficulty, urine clear/yellow

SKIN: Skin integrity intact, skin integrity intact, skin turgor elastic, no tenting present

John has received two albuterol/ipratropium nebulizers and IV

methylprednisolone. You collect the following clinical data to reassess his

status.

 

 

© 2019 Keith Rischer/www.KeithRN.com

RELEVANT Assessment

Data:

Clinical Significance: TREND: Improve/Worsening/Stable:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. Has the status improved or not as expected to this point? Does your nursing priority or plan of care need to be modified after this evaluation assessment? (Management of Care, Physiological Adaptation)

Evaluation of Current Status: Modifications to Current Plan of Care:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2. What did you learn that you can apply to future patients you care for? Reflect on your current strengths and

weaknesses this case study identified. What is your plan to make any weakness a future strength?

What Did You Learn? What did you do well with this case study?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

What could have been done better? What is your plan to make any weakness a future

strength?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. RELEVANT Data from Present ProblemRow1:
  2. Clinical SignificanceRow1:
  3. PMH:
  4. Home Meds:
  5. Asthma Hypertension:
  6. Pharm ClassAlbuterol inhaler 2 puffs every 4 hours PRN wheezing Furosemide 20 mg PO daily:
  7. Mechanism of Action own wordsAlbuterol inhaler 2 puffs every 4 hours PRN wheezing Furosemide 20 mg PO daily:
  8. Current VS:
  9. PQRST Pain Assessment:
  10. P 110 regular:
  11. Denies painQuality:
  12. R 24 regular:
  13. Denies painRegionRadiation:
  14. BP 188110:
  15. Denies painSeverity:
  16. O2 sat 91 RA:
  17. Denies painTiming:
  18. Abnormal VSRow1:
  19. Clinical SignificanceRow1_2:
  20. Current Assessment:
  21. GENERAL:
  22. Appears anxious body tense brows furrowed:
  23. RESP:
  24. CARDIAC:
  25. NEURO:
  26. Alert oriented to person place time and situation x4:
  27. GI:
  28. GU:
  29. Voiding without paindifficulty reports urine clearyellow:
  30. RELEVANT Assessment DataRow1:
  31. Clinical SignificanceRow1_3:
  32. Whats the problemRow1:
  33. Whats causing the problem explain pathophysiology in OWN wordsRow1:
  34. PRIORITY Body System to AssessRow1:
  35. PRIORITY Nursing AssessmentsRow1:
  36. RationaleRow1:
  37. Validate Student PerformanceRow1:
  38. Nursing PRIORITY:
  39. PRIORITY Nursing InterventionsRow1:
  40. RationaleRow1_2:
  41. Expected OutcomeRow1:
  42. Medical ManagementRow1:
  43. RationaleRow1_3:
  44. Expected OutcomeRow1_2:
  45. Results:
  46. Clinical SignificanceNo infiltrates noted silhouette of heart is slightly enlarged:
  47. Complete Blood Count CBCRow1:
  48. Current:
  49. RELEVANT LabsRow1:
  50. Clinical SignificanceRow1_4:
  51. Basic Metabolic Panel BMPRow1:
  52. Creat:
  53. Current_2:
  54. 13:
  55. RELEVANT LabsRow1_2:
  56. Clinical SignificanceRow1_5:
  57. Current VS_2:
  58. Most Recent:
  59. Current PQRST:
  60. T 991 F373 C oral:
  61. ProvokingPalliative:
  62. P 96 regular:
  63. P 110 regular_2:
  64. Quality:
  65. R 20 regular:
  66. R 24 regular_2:
  67. DeniesRegionRadiation:
  68. BP 14690:
  69. BP 188110_2:
  70. DeniesSeverity:
  71. O2 sat 95 RA:
  72. O2 sat 91 RA_2:
  73. DeniesTiming:
  74. Current Assessment_2:
  75. Resting comfortably appears in no acute distress:
  76. RESP_2:
  77. CARDIAC_2:
  78. NEURO_2:
  79. GI_2:
  80. GU_2:
  81. Voiding without difficulty urine clearyellow:
  82. SKIN:
  83. RELEVANT VS DataRow1:
  84. Clinical SignificanceRow1_6:
  85. TREND ImproveWorseningStableRow1:
  86. RELEVANT Assessment DataRow1_2:
  87. Clinical SignificanceRow1_7:
  88. TREND ImproveWorseningStableRow1_2:
  89. Evaluation of Current StatusRow1:
  90. Modifications to Current Plan of CareRow1:
  91. What Did You LearnRow1:
  92. What did you do well with this case studyRow1:
  93. What could have been done betterRow1:
  94. What is your plan to make any weakness a future strengthRow1:

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now

Comment Thomas|2025

/in /by

Identify two GCU Library scholarly databases that will help you find the best research articles to support your EBP proposal. Discuss why these two databases are better than Google Scholar or a general Internet search.

 

The GCU library databases are a lot of different things to use to make your writing easier. The GCU database is better than google search because it is focused on our topics and what we need to learn and not just everything on the internet. One of the main things that will help when writing your papers and to help support your EBP proposal is ask the librarian. This can help you when you get stuck and can’t figure out the next step. Also if you can’t figure out how to navigate the library the ask the librarian database is something that will help support your EBP. The other database that will help support your EBP proposal is CINAHL. This database has access to thousands of articles from other healthcare professionals and other people in the field that understand what nurses go through. Using this will help to support your EBP because you can read other people’s thoughts that have been in the same place other nurses have. These two things are the most helpful for me but the GCU library has many databases that are better than google because the results we get from GCU are from people that understand what nurses go through.

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now

Does Psychotherapy Have a Biological Basis?|2025

/in /by
TO DO A REPLY COMMENT TO EACH POST. TWO REFERENCE PER COMMENT.
Post 1

Mental health processes and disorders originate from mechanisms within the brain. There has been the question within the psychiatric field as to whether plastic changes in the brain that can occur with the use of  pharmacological interventions for mental health disorders could also occur with the use of psychotherapy. Psychotherapy is extremely beneficial in treating several mental health issues (Laureate Education, 2016).There is compounding evidence that psychotherapy does have a biological basis and can have a positive impact in brain recovery from the stress response. According to Wheeler (2014), psychotherapy mediates the reintegration and connection of neural networks that have become maladaptively linked due to adverse life events facilitating healing of the brain. Psychotherapy has been found to be an effective treatment method for a variety of mental health disorders such as anxiety, major depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. According to Fournier (2014), activity in regions associated with negative emotion, emotion regulation, fear, and reward are associated with respones to psychotherapy, and psychotherapy appears to alter the functioning of these regions.

While proven to be an effective treatment modality for mental health disorders, there are factors such as culture, religion, and socioeconomic background that can affect the client and their perspective on the use of psychotherapy. Psychotherapy within itself can bring conflicting emotions for the client and the clinician must be aware of how religion, culture, and socioeconomics can alter how the client perceives psychotherapy and its efficacy in their treatment. According to Wheeler (2014), the powerful influence of culture permeates all dimensions of out life in a way that is often unconscious. For example, if a client comes from a culture where emotions are not to be discusssed or if one discusses there past traumas or fears then the client could be resistant to the role of psychotherapy in their treatment plan. The clinician must be aware of the importance of culture in medical or psychological treatments. Religion also plays an instrumental role in how psychotherapy will be perceived by a client. Many clients may come from a religious background where one only speaks of negative emotions with someone from their clergy or a religious figure. According to Kim, Chen & Brachfeld (2018), religion and spirituality are important issues to consider and address in psychotherapy. Communication could become stagnant if the clinician is not aware of the role religion plays in the psychotherapy framework. Socioeconomic background can also be a variable in one‘s perspective of the value of psychotherapy. Certain traumatic events that a person can suffer throughout their lifetime can be directly correlated to socioeconomic standing. For example, poverty can be associated with depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and mood disorders. Patients from this type of background can experience barriers in both seeking and receiving mental health services. According to Bernal et al. (2017), vulnerable populations such as those low in social status face additional barriers to mental health treatment and experience unique barriers to receiving optimal care.

References

Bernal, D.R., Herbst, R.B., Lewis, B.L., & Feibelman, J. (2017). Ethical care for vulnerable populations receiving psychotropic treatment. Ethics & Behavior, 27(7), 582-598. doi:10.1080/10508422.2016.1224187

Fournier, J.C., & Price, R.B. (2014). Psychotherapy and neuroimaging. Psychotherapy: New Evidence and New Approaches, 12(3), 290-298. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4207360

Kim, E.E., Chen, E.C., & Brachfeld, C. (2018). Patients’ experience of spirituality and change in individual psychotherapy at a Christian counseling clinic: A grounded theory analysis. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, doi:10.1037/scp0000176

Laureate Education (Producer). (2016). Introduction to psychotherapy with individuals [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Wheeler, K. (Eds.). (2014). Psychotherapy for the advanced practice psychiatric nurse: A how-to guide for evidence-based practice (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.

POST 2

Psychotherapy is just as controversial as mental health as a whole is. Some believe it is helpful, others believe it is a waste of time. One question still remains unanswered for many, can talking about feelings help change behavior and therefore sure whatever condition a person is suffering from? I believe psychotherapy has a biological basis. Lyrakos, Spinaris, and Spyropoulos (2017) clearly stated as results of a research that “the use of psychotherapy plays a significant role in achieving optimal health outcomes of psychiatric patients” (p. s753). Pairing psychopharmacology with psychotherapy can make a positive impact towards recovery compared to treatment with just psychopharmacology.

Many different reasons can influence the belief that psychotherapy might or might not work. For example, Adams et al. (2017) concluded in an article that “findings suggest that patients’ attachment characteristics play a role in their views and choices regarding treatments” (p. 194). Other factors that can impact the belief that therapy is a waste of time are culture, religion, and socioeconomic status. A person’s upbringing can be one to avoid talking about feelings with a stranger, or even with a loved one. Religion can also play a role in not receiving this type of treatment as faith in a spiritual belief might be the perceived as the cure to an ailment. Economical status and education level can also negatively impact the decision to avoid this type of treatment as the importance of it might not be completely comprehended or there are no means to afford the treatment. In another study that correlates the importance of psychotherapy, data showed “that children/adolescents with not only behavioral and emotional disorders, but also affective (mood) disorders had a higher chance for nondrug psychiatric/psychotherapeutic treatment compared to children with other psychiatric disorders” (Abbas et al., 2017, p. 442).

References

Lyrakos, G., Spinaris, V., & Spyropoulos, I. (2017). The introduction of psychotherapy in

psychiatric outpatients as part of the treatment in the last four years in a Greek

hospital. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 27(4).

Adams, G. C., McWilliams, L. A., Wrath, A. J., Adams, S., & Souza, D. D. (2017).

Relationships between patients’ attachment characteristics and views and use of

psychiatric treatment. Psychiatry Research, 256:194-201.

Abbas, S., Ihle, P., Adler, J., Engel, S., Günster, C., Holtmann, M., & …Schubert, I. (2017).

Predictors of non-drug psychiatric/psychotherapeutic treatment in children and

adolescents with mental or behavioral disorders. European Child & Adolescent

            Psychiatry, 26(4).

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now

Nursing homework help|2025

/in /by

Discuss why you have decided to complete your BSN at this time, and the concerns you have about completing your baccalaureate degree. Based on the readings in the course materials, what strategies can you implement to be a successful student?

The reason that I have decided to continue my education was that it was always part of the plan. I just recently graduated from an ADN program at the end of 2018 and passed the dreaded NCLEX. The next step was to decided on which RN to BSN school and format to go with and obviously I went with GCU. The reason that BSN was always part of the plan is because I do not want to be limited in job prospects in the future.  Graduating with  a baccalaureate degree from university has been something that I have always wanted to do for the sense of accomplishment.

The concerns that I have for completing the program are the unknown. This is my first online class so I don’t know exactly what to expect, you don’t know what you don’t know. Another concern that I have is the load and or time management aspect of it all. Dealing with completing assignments and starting as a new grad nurse.

In the course materials section their is a blog post by Philip Murphy in which he list out 7 habits for being a student nurse. I believe that to be successful in any program or on an even broader setting for completeing any goals these are tools for success. I also think that one has to make these tools their own take ownership. A little experimentation to apply the concepts in the post to your specific life will yield greater results than just following some generic tips. I will personally probably end up using several different strategies in a some sort of combination but will adjust and modify them until they fit my personal life.

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now

Discharge teaching on Tina Jones|2025

/in /by

Evidence-based discharge teaching is critical in promoting health and impacting readmissions. You will address Tina Jones’ diagnoses; asthma, dehydration, and wound infection, providing education that will support adherence and prevent readmission.  Provide clear guidance for wound care, infection control, medications, diet, blood sugar monitoring, activity, and follow-up that will optimize her health.

Discharge teaching on Tina Jones on the following:

Diabetics

Addresses all areas of the diagnosis, including pathophysiology, risk factors, and health promotion using current EBP in a patient centered manner demonstrating caring behaviors with use of therapeutic communication.

ASTHMA

Addresses all areas of the diagnosis, including pathophysiology, risk factors, and health promotion using current EBP in a patient centered manner demonstrating caring behaviors with use of therapeutic communication.

DEHYDRATION

Addresses all areas of the diagnosis, including pathophysiology, risk factors, and health promotion

nursing current EBP in a patient centered manner demonstrating caring behaviors with use of therapeutic communication

INFECTION

Addresses all areas of the diagnosis, including pathophysiology, risk factors, and health promotion using current EBP in a patientcentered manner demonstrating caring behaviors with use of therapeutic communication.

WOUND CARE

Thorough instruction on asepsis, wound care and equipment using current EBP in a patient-centered manner demonstrating caring behaviors with use of therapeutic communication

MEDICATION

Thorough instruction on medications, including indication, dosing, adverse effects, adherence, and administration using EBP in a patient-centered manner demonstrating caring behaviors with use of therapeutic communication.

ACTIVITY

Thorough instruction on activity, including bathing, equipment, and safety using EBP in a patientcentered manner demonstrating caring behaviors with use of therapeutic communication

DIET

Thorough instruction on proper diet for diabetes management, including counting carbohydrates, hypo- and hyperglycemia, and lifestyle changes using EBP in a patient-centered manner demonstrating caring behaviors with use of therapeutic communication

FOLLOW UP

Thorough instruction on instructions on follow-up plan, including appointments and warning signs of potential problems using EBP in a patient-centered manner demonstrating caring behaviors with use of therapeutic communication.

No errors in APA, Spelling, and Punctuation. Provides two or more references.

3-4 pages

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now

Misleading Graphs|2025

/in /by

Discussion:

Unit 2 Discussion – Misleading Graphs

Can inaccurate graphs bias the interpretation of data? Graphs provide a visual representation of data meant to provide information. Here are three graphs that may present data inaccurately or misleadingly.  Choose one graph for this discussion and answer the questions based on your chosen graph.

Graph 1 was used to display changes in the Unemployment Rate for over 12 months.

Assignment 2 Bar 1.jpg

Graph 2 was used to display pizza topping preferences based on a survey of people living in the United Kingdom.

Assignment 2 Pie.jpg

Graph 3 was used to display the number of complaints reported for six different airlines per the US Department of Transportation in February 2013.

Assignment 2 Bar 2-1.jpg

Instructions

For this discussion, you are to choose one graph and complete these steps based on the graph you chose:

Steps

  • State the graph you chose.
  • Discuss how you interpreted the graph when you first saw it.
    • What did it tell you about the data represented?
    • Did you find it confusing?
  • Now, study the graph. Use your understanding of the topics Graphs, Pie Charts, and Bar Charts to interpret what is being presented.
  • Compare your first impression with your second, more informed interpretation and answer the following:
    • Is the information presented in a biased way (that is, is it misleading?)
    • What information is being misinterpreted here? How?
    • What type of graph was used, and was it used correctly?
    • How could you correct the graph so that it more accurately represents the data?
  • Discuss why someone might intentionally use a graph to mislead?

Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.

Estimated time to complete: 2 hours

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now

Week 2 Assignment|2025

/in /by

Week 2 Assignment: Essay – Painting Analysis & Reflection

Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:

  • Textbook: Chapter 4
  • Minimum of 3 scholarly sources (in addition to the textbook)

Instructions
As part of the discussion this week, you made a brief exploration of a work of art to understand its subject, meaning, and intent. In this assignment, you will explore an artwork in more depth to consider the context in which it was created. Choose any painting, and address the following:

  • Explain the artistic movement associated with the work of art.
  • Describe the style of the artist (How is the artist unique within the movement?)
  • Examine in some depth the influences that shaped the work. Address at least 2 of the following:
    • Stylistic influences
    • Subject/content influences
    • Cross-disciplinary influences such as literature, philosophy, music, science, technology, etc.
    • Historical influences
    • Political influences
  • Reflect on your learning.
    • How did your research enhance your appreciation of the artwork?
    • How does understanding the context of a work help in interpreting it?

Include the following in your paper:

  • Name of the painting
  • Name of the artist
  • Date created
  • Image of the painting

Writing Requirements (APA format)

  • Length: 1.5-2 pages (not including title page, references page, image, or caption for artwork)
  • 1-inch margins
  • Double spaced
  • 12-point Times New Roman font
  • Title page
  • References page (minimum of 3 scholarly sources)

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now

Critical reasoning week 3|2025

/in /by

This is a graded discussion: 25 points possible due Jul 27 at 1:59am

Week 3 Discussion: Evaluating Sources 12 12

 

Required Resources Read/review the following resources for this activity:

Introduction “Everyone is entitled to their own opinions – but not their own facts.” (Daniel Patrick Moynihan, cited in Vanity Fair, 2010, para. 2)

We form opinions – and make our judgments – based on facts we observe and values we hold. Our judgments are also influenced by the opinions of others. In the section “An Expert on Hate in America” in Chapter 6, one of the authors, Dr. Peter Facione, renders an opinion on a non-profit civil rights organization: Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC). Dr. Facione is a leading advocate and one of the most influential voices in the field of critical thinking.

His endorsement of the civil rights organization is unqualified. It is also transparent: Dr. Facione reveals that he is a financial supporter of the organization and has arranged speaking engagements for its founder. This is Dr. Facione’s invitation to you, the reader:

Knowing where you can learn more about the SPLC for yourself, and knowing about Dr. Facione’s endorsement and support of the Center’s work, evaluate this claim made by Dr. Facione: “The SPLC is an expert on hate in America” (p. 124).

The endorsement of the SPLC is contained in the most current edition of the text, whose copyright date is 2016. Since that time Morris Dees, co-founder and former chief trial counsel, has been fired (Hassan, Zraick & Blinder, 2019). Previously, there has been controversy about groups and individuals that are listed by the SPLC as “hate groups” (Graham, 2016; Price, 2018). The organization, which has nearly a half-billion dollars in assets, has also been criticized for how it spends these funds (Robinson, 2019).

Self-Assessment Question

Textbook: Chapter 6, 7 Lesson Minimum of 1 scholarly source (in addition to the textbook)

7/22/20, 4:26 PM Page 1 of 16

 

 

Before you submit your initial post, make sure to read the assigned chapter. Then, ask yourself the following: Did the article in Chapter 6 of the text seem credible and reliable? Why? Be very specific:

Initial Post Instructions For the initial post, address the following:

Only after you have done some responsible research should you begin to respond to the discussion prompt. The discussion is not about the SPLC; it is not about Dr. Facione. It is about what you have learned about forming opinions.

Your post must answer this question:

Your post must also discuss at least two (2) of the following questions:

Follow-Up Post Instructions Respond to at least two peers or one peer and the instructor. Further the dialogue by providing more information and clarification.

Writing Requirements

Was it because it is in a textbook? Because it was written by a learned and respected person? Because of content in the article? Because of your previous knowledge of the SPLC?

Conduct additional research on the SPLC. Did your opinion alter in any way? Why?

How do you define the term “expert”?

How important are facts in the process of forming an opinion? Explain what you believe to be the purpose or function of facts in making a judgment. How did you respond to the self-assessment question? Since doing further research, have you re-thought the way in which you assess credibility and reliability? What is the importance of factoring the recency of a reference or opinion (i.e., how old is it?) into an assessment of credibility and reliability? How would you evaluate Dr. Facione’s claim “The SPLC is an expert on hate in America” (p. 124). Does the SPLC fit your definition of “expert”? Be specific in your answer.

Minimum of 3 posts (1 initial & 2 follow-up) Minimum of 2 sources cited (assigned readings/online lessons and an outside source)

Top

!

7/22/20, 4:26 PM Page 2 of 16

 

 

Search entries or author

Grading This activity will be graded using the Discussion Grading Rubric. Please review the following link:

Course Outcomes (CO): 4, 5, 6

Due Date for Initial Post: By 11:59 p.m. MT on Wednesday Due Date for Follow-Up Posts: By 11:59 p.m. MT on Sunday

References

Facione, P. A., & Gittens, C. A. (2016). Think critically (3rd ed.). Pearson.

Graham, D.A., (2016, October) How did Maajid Nawaz end up on a list of ‘anti- Muslim extremists’? https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/10/maajid-nawaz- splc-anti-muslim-extremist/505685/

Hassan, A., Zraick, K., & Blinder, A (2019, March 24) Morris Dees, a co-founder of the Southern Poverty Law Center, is ousted. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/14/us/morris-dees-southern-poverty- law-center-fired.html

Price, G. (2018, June 18) Southern Poverty Law Center settles lawsuit after falsely labeling ‘extremist’ organization. Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/splc-nawaz-million-apologizes-981879

Robinson, N. J. (2019, March) The Southern Poverty Law Center is everything that’s wrong with liberalism. Current Affairs. https://www.currentaffairs.org/2019/03/the-southern-poverty-law-center-is- everything-thats-wrong-with-liberalism

Vanity Fair. (2010, October 10). An American original. https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2010/11/moynihan-letters-201011

APA format for in-text citations and list of references

Link (webpage): Discussion Guidelines

Unread ” # $ Subscribe

7/22/20, 4:26 PM Page 3 of 16

 

 

% Reply

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/97891)Sonja Sheffield (Instructor) Jun 22, 2020

!

Greetings Students,

You are only required to post an initial answer post and ONE follow-up post in each required discussion, each week.

Please make your TWO posts each week between Monday and Sunday. Your posts must occur on different days with the first post occurring by Wednesday. If there are extenuating circumstances, please communicate with your professor.

Since so many of our beliefs are based on what other people tell us, in writing, or TV or by word-of-mouth, the critical thinker needs to know how to decide who to believe and in what circumstances. The criteria which apply will depend on the case, but relevant considerations will often include:

The sources reputation for reliability (contrast the BBC and the Sun newspaper).

Whether the source has a vested interest (e.g., someone accused of war crimes who denies any responsibility)

Whether there is corroboration of the claim from independent sources (as when it was claimed that cold fusion has been produced)

Whether the source has the relevant expertise/training (as when a police officer gives evidence in court)

The nature of the claim itself (as when someone claims to have witnessed a miracle)

Whether the source can provide credible reasons for the claim they make (as when someone claims to have encountered ‘aliens’ from another planet).

Check this out.

A group of scientists has looked at a number of studies of the link between passive smoking and lung cancer. The scientists have said that these studies do not demonstrate that there is a significant risk of lung cancer for non-smokers who are exposed to environmental

7/22/20, 4:26 PM Page 4 of 16

 

 

Edited by Sonja Sheffield (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/97891) on Jun 22 at 12:38pm

% Reply &

tobacco smoke at work or in the home, either form a smoking parent or spouse. But this analysis was commissioned by the tobacco industry. So findings of the analysis are likely to be incorrect.

Reference

Fisher, A. (2001). Critical thinking: An introduction. Cambridge University Press: UK. 11

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/102153)

Caitlyn Pienkowski (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/102153) Monday

!

Hello!

According to the SPCL website, the SPCL is dedicated to fighting hate and bigotry and to seek justice for the most vulnerable members of our society. My opinion did not alter in anyway. I think the website is a source for people to educate themselves on what is going on the America and is a way to stop the hate.

I would define the term “expert” as someone having authoritative knowledge in a particular skill.

– I think in order to even form an opinion you have to know your facts. You should not voice an opinion if you cannot back yourself up without support. That is what I believe to be the purpose of facts in making a judgement.

“We solve problems by following the reasons and the evidence with courage wherever they lead, by asking the tough questions, by being inquisitive, by being open- minded and tolerant about a wide range of ideas and possible explanations, by being persistent and systematic in our inquiry, and by not fearing what this process will turn up as possible answers” (Wittens,

How important are facts in the process of forming an opinion? Explain what you believe to be the purpose or function of facts in making a judgment.

7/22/20, 4:26 PM Page 5 of 16

 

 

% Reply &

2015).

– I believe what is in the textbook is very credible and reliable. I always look for peer reviewed articles when using them for an assignment because it gives enough credibility for support. I would not use an article that is outdated more than 5 years. You always want to stay up to date with information within the last 3-5 years.

Reference

https://www.splcenter.org/what-we-do (https://www.splcenter.org/what-we-do)

Gittens, P.F.C. A. (2015). THINK Critically. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved from https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780133914351/

How did you respond to the self-assessment question? Since doing further research, have you re-thought the way in which you assess credibility and reliability? What is the importance of factoring the recency of a reference or opinion (i.e., how old is it?) into an assessment of credibility and reliability?

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/97891)Sonja Sheffield (Instructor) Monday

!

Hello Caitlyn, thank you for being the first to respond to this week’s discussion.

You wrote, “. . . it important to know your facts.” Whose facts are those and it is really our own facts that we should know and cling to? The sentence is a bit vague and I’m only trying to get clarification of what you really mean.

According to a recent Time/CNN poll:

These poll results, if they reflect reality, say something about some of the claims Americans find credible. One thing that makes these high percentages interesting is that evidence of the effectiveness of prayer in healing is so difficult to document, is it

Eighty-two percent of Americans believe in the healing power of personal prayer. Seventy-three percent believe that praying for someone else can help cure that person’s illness. Seventy-seven percent believe that God sometimes intervenes to cure people who have a serious illness.

7/22/20, 4:26 PM Page 6 of 16

 

 

% Reply &

not?

What are your thoughts about “eyewitness” accounts? Look at this example:

Fairfax, Virginia, police officer signals cars after a man was shot to death October 11, 2002, at a gas station near Fredericksburg, Virginia. Police were looking for a white van.

When the series of sniper shootings occurred in Washington, DC, during the fall 2002, there were eyewitness reports that the perpetrators were two white men traveling in a white enclosed truck. In fact, two men who fit that description were detained and investigated by authorities. But when those doing the shootings were caught, they turned out to be two black men in a blue Chevrolet Caprice.

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/118358)

Monica Hernandez (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/118358) Yesterday

!

Hello Professor and class,

How do you define the term expert?

An expert is a distinguished credible source with extensive knowledge and experience in a given subject area of study. Someone who is acknowledged by the professional peers at the most reliable source of information in this field or domain.

How important are facts in the process of forming in

Facts are extremely important in the process of forming an opinion. The purpose and function of fast is that they serve as verify proof or confirmations of details for the claim or argument. Facts and details allow us to see the truth and relevancy behind a claim or arguments. My evaluation of Dr. Facione claim the SPLC is an expert on hate in America was skeptical. I immediately thought the further research is going to be necessary prior to forming an opinion on whether or not the SPLC I was truly an expert on hate in America. This was because the end of the article mentioned Faciones investment and financial ties of the organization(Faciones, 2016). Furthering facts and information on SPLC, it seems that the

7/22/20, 4:26 PM Page 7 of 16

 

 

% Reply &

organization is a public and recognized credible source with a background of human rights. It is also widely supported to of a large network by the government. The article in the Washington post mentions that the hate list created by the SPLC was considered nonpartisan enough to be recognized by the government agencies, law enforcement, cooperations and journalists( Montgomery 2018).

 

References:

Facione, P.A.,& GIttens, C.A. (2016). Think critically (3rd Ed.) Boston, MA: Pearson. Montgomery, D. (2018, November 8). The Southern Poverty Law Center and the delicate task of definingnhate in 2018. Retrieved from March 16, 2020 from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/magazine/work/2018/11/08/feature/is-the-southern- poverty-law-center-judging-hate-fairly/

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/99157)

Wei Wen Chiang (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/99157) Yesterday

!

Before I conduct additional research on SPLC, the article in chapter 6 seems credible and reliable to me because it is in the textbook and also because all the data it is showing. I did not have any knowledge of SPLC that I did not know what it stands for. I also believe that there are multiple people who wrote the textbook, instead of just Dr. Facione; therefore, the article has to be credible if it went through different readings.

After further researches, my opinion altered a little. The definition of hate crime nowadays definitely changed comparing to 1971 when Morris Dees founded SPLC. I believe when SPLC was first founded from a good place, but I feel like fame makes things change. According to Hassan, Zraick and Blinder, in the recent years, the center has come under scrutiny for its classification of “hate groups,” and whether the organization has abused that label in pursuit of a political agenda or increased donation. (Hassan, Zraick & Blinder, 2019).

7/22/20, 4:26 PM Page 8 of 16

 

 

% Reply &

I define expert as someone who has a lot of experience in the field. The textbook defines expert as someone who is both experienced and learned in a given subject matter area or field of professional practice (Facion, 2016).

How important are facts in the process of forming an opinion? Facts are important in the process of forming an opinion. Facts can increase my credibility when I am trying to form an opinion. It makes my opinion more trustworthy.

How would you evaluate Dr. Facione’s claim? I think Dr. Facione’s claim is biased. I feel like if Dr. Facione is a financial supporter of SPLC, he should not give his opinion any SPLC topics. Although SPLC has a lot of experience with hate crimes and there are lawyers working with SPLC, SPLC does not fit my definition of expert. I believe an expert should be unbiased instead of favoring some ideas.

 

Reference:

Facione, P. A., & Gittens, C. A. (2016). Think critically (3rd ed.). Pearson.

Hassan, A., Zraick, K., & Blinder, A. (2019, March 14). Morris Dees, a Co-Founder of the Southern Poverty Law Center, Is Ousted. Retrieved July 21, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/14/us/morris-dees-southern-poverty-law-center- fired.html (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/14/us/morris-dees-southern-poverty-law-center- fired.html)

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/84538)

Scott O’Malley (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/84538) 5:01am

!

Professor & Class,

Before reading the “An Expert on Hate in America”, I didn’t know what SPLC was. I believe it is a credible and reliable text because it is in our book. The text was able to provide stats and provide a website in which the reader is able to look up more information.

7/22/20, 4:26 PM Page 9 of 16

 

 

% Reply &

After doing my own research on the SPLC, my opinion didn’t change because I felt they were able to provide facts. It is also a non-profit website because it is a .org compared to being a .com. the website was organized and I was able to learn more about the hate groups such as location and leaders.

I define an “expert” as someone who has knowledge of a subject through studies and experiences. They are able to provide facts for their beliefs. An expert is able to provide consistent reliable facts.

Facts are important in the process of forming an opinion because without a basic knowledge or credible source, it may be difficult for others to understand you. Without facts, people won’t take your opinion seriously.

I would say that Dr. Facione’s claim “ The SPLC” is an expert on hate in America because the SPLC is able to provide factual information on the subject. Not only did they provide facts but also were able to locate the groups all over the U.S., name a couple of leaders of these hate groups, and it is backed up by the government. I do believe the SPLC consist of experts because they provide years of facts through the past twenty years.

 

Gittens, P.F.C. A. (2015). THINK Critically. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved from https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780133914351/ (https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780133914351/)

https://www.splcenter.org/what-we-do (https://www.splcenter.org/what-we-do)

 

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/147419)

Elijah Wiggin (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/147419) 6:02am

!

After reading the article in the book and then reading on SPLC’s website, my opinion did not change. The SPLC is an organization that fights to end hate groups of a wide variety. Their

7/22/20, 4:26 PM Page 10 of 16

 

 

% Reply &

website is very informative and gives a lot of information on what the organization does.

My definition of expert is, someone being well knowledgeable and familiar about a certain skill or topic.

-How important are facts in the process of forming an opinion? Explain what you believe to be the purpose or function of facts in making a judgment.

I think that facts are super important when forming an opinion. To make an honest opinion you need the truth and the right facts on the situation. The function of the facts to make a judgement or opinion is that accurate facts help with a better opinion. If the facts are not true, vague, or confusing it makes it more difficult to form a sound opinion. If the facts are clear, in depth, and have data backing them up then it is easier to form an opinion on the topic.

-How would you evaluate Dr. Facione’s claim “The SPLC is an expert on hate in America” (p. 124). Does the SPLC fit your definition of “expert”? Be specific in your answer.

After looking through the website and seeing what they had to say, I think that they could be considered experts in that area. With the data and the in depth topics they talk about I think that they are well knowledgeable about the situations going on in the world.

Facione, P.A.,& GIttens, C.A. (2016). Think critically (3rd Ed.) Boston, MA: Pearson.

20, J. (2020, July 20). Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 22, 2020, from https://www.splcenter.org/

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/129972)

Brittany Varnes (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/129972) 9:28am

!

Hi Professor and Class,

According to Thiessen (2018), the SPLC organization has been using its resources and influence to tarnish people. In his report, Thiessen notes an episode in which the organization listed Maajid Nawaz as an extremist (2018). The Muslim cleric, who had since renounced his association with Islamic radicals, filed a lawsuit accusing the SPLC of defamation. Other

7/22/20, 4:26 PM Page 11 of 16

 

 

% Reply &

victims whose names have been slurred include Ben Carson, who was listed as a white supremacist and a neo-Nazi. According to Thiessen (2018), the SPLC organization continues to deface innocent people by listing them as extremists.

Thiessen’s report about SPLC changed what I had previously thought; I had thought it as a credible organization. Given what Dr. Facione writes about SPLC and what I read on Thiessen’s report, our views tend to differ. The former commends the organization as an “Expert on hate in America” for exposing extremist groups and their members. Dr. Facione even thanks SPLC for returning normalcy in schools where incidences of hatred had been rampant. While his article may be seen as a credible source, its reliability is questionable owing to Thiessen’s findings; the latter’s report is more recent than Dr. Facione ‘s.

Dr. Facione is a pro-SPLC and maintains a close relationship with the organization’s co- founder. I think his assertion about the organization being an “expert on hate in America” is an overstatement owing to the recent misfortunes that have befallen the SPLC. The organization’s co-founder, Mr. Dee, and friend of Dr. Facione’s was sacked after reports emerged that he had engaged in office misconduct (Wamsley, 2019). Add this to the pending lawsuits, I disagree with Dr. Facione’s claim. The organization does not, therefore, fit my definition of “expert.” According to Facione and Gittens (2016), an expert exhibits profound knowledge of their profession. The SPLC does not attach proof when they label people as extremists, which raises questions about their expertise.

 

References

Facione, P. A., & Gittens, C. A. (2016). Think critically (3rd ed.). Boston: Pearson.

Thiessen, M. A. (2018, June 22). The Southern Poverty Law Center has lost all credibility. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-southern-poverty-law-center- has-lost-all-credibility/2018/06/21/22ab7d60-756d-11e8-9780-b1dd6a09b549_story.html

Wamsley, L. (2019, March 14). Southern Poverty Law Center Fires Morris Dees, Its Co- Founder. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2019/03/14/703526235/southern-poverty-law- center-fires-morris-dees-its-co-founder

 

 

 

7/22/20, 4:26 PM Page 12 of 16

 

 

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/64315)

Dijana Rahmanovic (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/64315) 10:06am

% Reply &

!

I conducted research on the Southern Poverty Law Center through their website. My opinion of them did not change. I define the term “expert” as someone who has comprehensive knowledge on a topic, often through professional training on it. Facts are important to the process of forming an opinion. Facts are what we form our opinions on topics around. For instance, we know, through seeing it with our own eyes, that police brutality exists, therefore we will form our opinion for or against police brutality based on the fact of the matter.

Dr. Facione’s claim is “The SPLC is an expert on hate in America” (p. 124). I believe the SPLC fits my definition of “expert”. The founder of the organization, Morris Dees, is a civil rights lawyer who has spent his career focusing on hate crimes against minorities. The organization is also lead by a team of civil rights lawyers and has a team full of other members who play an important role. I believe that the organization, which was founded in 1971, has been dedicated to its cause, and it is undeniable the its leading team, with the credentials, it has, has steered the organization toward many victories. They are experts in the field of hate crimes and civil rights because of the education and experience they have on the topic.

 

References

Facione, P.A.,& GIttens, C.A. (2016). Think critically (3rd Ed.) Boston, MA: Pearson.

20, J. (2020, July 20). Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 22, 2020, from https://www.splcenter.org/

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/148682)

Ashley White

7/22/20, 4:26 PM Page 13 of 16

 

 

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/148682) 11:19am

!

Hi Professor and Class!

Did the article in Chapter 6 of the text seem credible and reliable? Why?

The article in Chapter 6 does seem credible to me. It appears credible to me because of the fact its in a book, and written by someone respected. It also is credible because of the statistical facts and dates that are in the article as well. When an article is backed up with facts it appears to be from a credible source.

Did your opinion alter in any way? Why?

Yes, after reaching my opinion is different. It seems like the SPLC did a good job at listing hate groups at first and then it got out of hand. Now it seems they are listing people before they even know anything about them. But when it declares Maajid Nawaz, the Family Research Council, Ben Carson and Charles Murray as moral equivalents of the Klan, it loses all integrity and credibility(Theissen, 2018). Its not fair that they starting putting people on their list before they did their research.

How do you define the term “expert”? Someone who has a lot of knowledge and experience in a specific skill.

How important are facts in the process of forming an opinion? Explain what you believe to be the purpose or function of facts in making a judgment. Facts are important when forming an opinion because they can persuade the reader to agree with them. The facts in this article made me think the SPLC was doing a good job to call out these hate groups, but now after further research I don’t think these facts are credible.

How would you evaluate Dr. Facione’s claim “The SPLC is an expert on hate in America” (p. 124). Does the SPLC fit your definition of “expert”? Be specific in your answer. I don’t think Dr. Facione’s claim is credible. It makes me wonder about his judgement too. The SPLC are not experts if they are accusing the wrong people to be listed on their hate group list. I think they do have knowledge of the hate groups because they have been doing this for years, but they also don’t really show any proof of why they label certain people in the hate group.

References:

Thiessen, M. (2018, June 22). Opinion | The Southern Poverty Law Center has lost all credibility. Retrieved July 22, 2020, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the- southern-poverty-law-center-has-lost-all-credibility/2018/06/21/22ab7d60-756d-11e8-9780-

7/22/20, 4:26 PM Page 14 of 16

 

 

% Reply &

b1dd6a09b549_story.html

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/97891)Sonja Sheffield (Instructor) 3:41pm

% Reply &

!

Hello Ashley, thanks for your thoughts for this week as we look at credibility.

So let me ask you this you indicated that the article in chapter 6 seems credible because it’s written in a book as well as written by someone respected. The two questions that I would ask based on that statement are is everything written in a book credible and reliable; how do you know the author is respected? And then do you know for sure that the statistical facts and dates in the article are credible and reliable; how do you know for sure?

I’m not sure what you mean by when you wrote, “yes, after reaching my opinion is different.” Can you explain what you mean by that please.

Now let me ask some qualifying and clarification questions. You said the SPLC did a good job at first and then it got out of hand. What do you mean specifically by getting out of hand? And then be careful when you read terms such as, “it seems”, because that will cause someone that you either speaking to will ask what you say it seems like? You understand where I’m going here? Because remember we’re talking about credibility and reliability in checking sources.

Did you consider checking any outside facts regarding the SPLC before you form your opinion? I’m just curious.

How does social media factor into how you form your opinions?

Let’s look at assessing the credibility of sources. The guiding principle in evaluating claims requires that they come from credible sources. What about the credibility of sources? A person may lack credibility in various ways; what do you see as some of those ways an individual may be lacking in credibility?

I look forward to your response.

7/22/20, 4:26 PM Page 15 of 16

 

 

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/131729)

Loc Nguyen (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/65138/users/131729) 4:02pm

% Reply &

!

Hello Professor and class,

 

Reference

Facione, P. & Gittens, C. A. (2016). Thinking critically. 3 . Ed. Pearson:Boston, MA.

Teaching Tolerance. (n.d.). Retrieved July 22, 2020, from https://www.splcenter.org/teaching- tolerance

After reading the article, “An Expert on Hate in America” I thought that their credibility is legitimate since it was published in a textbook, but I am still a little skeptical. After I did my research on SPLC, I am convinced that they are the group they claim to be because they have an anti-biased program. The anti-bias approach encourages children and young people to challenge prejudice and learn how to be agents of change in their own lives (SPLC). To me the term “expert” means someone who has years of experience and knowledge in their field. Facts are very important in the process of forming opinion. Facts are things that already proven and cannot be altered, just like law of physics. Opinions are formed and influenced base on known facts; therefore, judgement is made when all facts are known. I would evaluate Dr. Facion’s claim “The SPLC is an expert on hate in America” is an act of interest. Experts, being humans, have interests. (Faciones, 2016, p. 121). Dr. Faciones is a financial supporter of the SPLC for decades. The SPLC does fit my definition of “expert” because they have years of experience and knowledge when it comes to fight hate and bigotry in the country.

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now

Soap Note 2 Chronic Conditions|2025

/in /by

Soap Note  Chronic Conditions (15 Points)

Pick any Chronic Disease from Weeks 6-10

Soap notes will be uploaded to Moodle and put through TURN-It-In (anti-Plagiarism program)
Follow the MRU Soap Note Rubric as a guide

Turn it in Score must be less than 50% or will not be accepted for credit, must be your own work and in your own words. You can resubmit, Final submission will be accepted if less than 50%. Copy paste from websites or textbooks will not be accepted or tolerated. Please see College Handbook with reference to Academic Misconduct Statement
Please use one of the templates provided to format your soap note. Keep these templates for future clinical rotations.

SAMPLE Block format Soap Note   Template.docx

 

Sample Soap Note Template.docx

PATIENT INFORMATION

Name: Mr. W.S.

Age: 65-year-old

Sex: Male

Source: Patient

Allergies: None

Current Medications: Atorvastatin tab 20 mg, 1-tab PO at bedtime

PMH: Hypercholesterolemia

Immunizations: Influenza last 2018-year, tetanus, and hepatitis A and B 4 years ago.

Surgical History: Appendectomy 47 years ago.

Family History: Father- died 81 does not report information

Mother-alive, 88 years old, Diabetes Mellitus, HTN

Daughter-alive, 34 years old, healthy

Social Hx: No smoking history or illicit drug use, occasional alcoholic beverage consumption on social celebrations. Retired, widow, he lives alone.

SUBJECTIVE:

Chief complain: “headaches” that started two weeks ago

Symptom analysis/HPI:

The patient is 65 years old male who complaining of episodes of headaches and on 3 different occasions blood pressure was measured, which was high (159/100, 158/98 and 160/100 respectively). Patient noticed the problem started two weeks ago and sometimes it is accompanied by dizziness. He states that he has been under stress in his workplace for the last month.

Patient denies chest pain, palpitation, shortness of breath, nausea or vomiting.

ROS:

CONSTITUTIONAL: Denies fever or chills. Denies weakness or weight loss. NEUROLOGIC: Headache and dizzeness as describe above. Denies changes in LOC. Denies history of tremors or seizures.

HEENT: HEAD: Denies any head injury, or change in LOC. Eyes: Denies any changes in vision, diplopia or blurred vision. Ear: Denies pain in the ears. Denies loss of hearing or drainage. Nose: Denies nasal drainage, congestion. THROAT: Denies throat or neck pain, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing.

Respiratory: Patient denies shortness of breath, cough or hemoptysis.

Cardiovascular: No chest pain, tachycardia. No orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal

dyspnea.

Gastrointestinal: Denies abdominal pain or discomfort. Denies flatulence, nausea, vomiting or

diarrhea.

Genitourinary: Denies hematuria, dysuria or change in urinary frequency. Denies difficulty starting/stopping stream of urine or incontinence.

MUSCULOSKELETAL: Denies falls or pain. Denies hearing a clicking or snapping sound.

Skin: No change of coloration such as cyanosis or jaundice, no rashes or pruritus.

Objective Data

CONSTITUTIONAL: Vital signs: Temperature: 98.5 °F, Pulse: 87, BP: 159/92 mmhg, RR 20, PO2-98% on room air, Ht- 6’4”, Wt 200 lb, BMI 25. Report pain 0/10.

General appearance: The patient is alert and oriented x 3. No acute distress noted. NEUROLOGIC: Alert, CNII-XII grossly intact, oriented to person, place, and time. Sensation intact to bilateral upper and lower extremities. Bilateral UE/LE strength 5/5.

HEENT: Head: Normocephalic, atraumatic, symmetric, non-tender. Maxillary sinuses no tenderness. Eyes: No conjunctival injection, no icterus, visual acuity and extraocular eye movements intact. No nystagmus noted. Ears: Bilateral canals patent without erythema, edema, or exudate. Bilateral tympanic membranes intact, pearly gray with sharp cone of light. Maxillary sinuses no tenderness. Nasal mucosa moist without bleeding. Oral mucosa moist without lesions,.Lids non-remarkable and appropriate for race.

Neck: supple without cervical lymphadenopathy, no jugular vein distention, no thyroid swelling or masses.

Cardiovascular: S1S2, regular rate and rhythm, no murmur or gallop noted. Capillary refill < 2 sec.

Respiratory: No dyspnea or use of accessory muscles observed. No egophony, whispered pectoriloquy or tactile fremitus on palpation. Breath sounds presents and clear bilaterally on auscultation.

Gastrointestinal: No mass or hernia observed. Upon auscultation, bowel sounds present in all four quadrants, no bruits over renal and aorta arteries. Abdomen soft non-tender, no guarding, no rebound no distention or organomegaly noted on palpation

Musculoskeletal: No pain to palpation. Active and passive ROM within normal limits, no stiffness.

Integumentary: intact, no lesions or rashes, no cyanosis or jaundice.

Assessment

Essential (Primary) Hypertension (ICD10 I10): Given the symptoms and high blood pressure (156/92 mmhg), classified as stage 2. Once the organic cause of hypertension has been ruled out, such as renal, adrenal or thyroid, this diagnosis is confirmed.

Differential diagnosis:

Ø Renal artery stenosis (ICD10 I70.1)

Ø Chronic kidney disease (ICD10 I12.9)

Ø Hyperthyroidism (ICD10 E05.90)

Plan

Diagnosis is based on the clinical evaluation through history, physical examination, and routine laboratory tests to assess risk factors, reveal identifiable causes and detect target-organ damage, including evidence of cardiovascular disease.

These basic laboratory tests are:

· CMP

· Complete blood count

· Lipid profile

· Thyroid-stimulating hormone

· Urinalysis

· Electrocardiogram

Ø Pharmacological treatment: 

The treatment of choice in this case would be:

Thiazide-like diuretic and/or a CCB

· Hydrochlorothiazide tab 25 mg, Initial dose: 25 mg orally once daily.

Ø Non-Pharmacologic treatment:

· Weight loss

· Healthy diet (DASH dietary pattern): Diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products with reduced content of saturated and trans l fat

· Reduced intake of dietary sodium: <1,500 mg/d is optimal goal but at least 1,000 mg/d reduction in most adults

· Enhanced intake of dietary potassium

· Regular physical activity (Aerobic): 90–150 min/wk

· Tobacco cessation

· Measures to release stress and effective coping mechanisms.

Education

· Provide with nutrition/dietary information.

· Daily blood pressure monitoring at home twice a day for 7 days, keep a record, bring the record on the next visit with her PCP

· Instruction about medication intake compliance.

· Education of possible complications such as stroke, heart attack, and other problems.

· Patient was educated on course of hypertension, as well as warning signs and symptoms, which could indicate the need to attend the E.R/U.C. Answered all pt. questions/concerns. Pt verbalizes understanding to all

Follow-ups/Referrals

· Evaluation with PCP in 1 weeks for managing blood pressure and to evaluate current hypotensive therapy. Urgent Care visit prn.

· No referrals needed at this time.

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now

Assessing Musculoskeletal Pain|2025

/in /by

Patient Information: CC : A 46-year-old female reports pain in both of her ankles, but she is more concerned about her right ankle. She was playing soccer over the weekend and heard a “pop.” She can bear weight, but it is uncomfortable. In determining the cause of the ankle pain, based on your knowledge of anatomy, what foot structures are likely involved? What other symptoms need to be explored? What are your differential diagnoses for ankle pain? What physical examination will you perform? What special maneuvers will you perform? Should you apply the Ottowa ankle rules to determine if you need additional testing?

Initials, N/A Age, 46 Sex, Female Race, not indicated

CC: Bilateral Ankle pain

HPI: Pt c/o bilateral ankle pain, worse on R s/p hearing a “pop” while playing soccer this past weekend. Pt is able to bear weight, with some discomfort and was more concern about her R ankle.

Location: Bilateral ankle

Onset: Over the weekend

Character: Bilateral ankle pain, worse on the right. She was playing soccer over the weekend and heard a “pop.”

Associated signs and symptoms: She can bear weight, but it is uncomfortable

Timing: over the weekend and heard a “pop. “while playing soccer

Exacerbating/ relieving factors: She can bear weight, but it is uncomfortable

Severity: She can bear weight, but it is uncomfortable

Current Medications: Not indicated

Allergies: None indicated

PMHx: None indicated

Soc Hx: played Soccer over the weekend

Fam Hx: None Indicated.

GENERAL:  No weight loss, fever, chills, weakness or fatigue indicated

HEENT:  Eyes: PERRLA, no visual impairment blurred vision, double vision or yellow sclerae indicated. Ears, Nose, Throat:  No hearing loss, sneezing, congestion, runny nose or sore throat indicated

SKIN:  No rash or itching nor discoloration indicated

CARDIOVASCULAR:  No chest pain, chest pressure or SOB. No palpitations or edema indicated

RESPIRATORY:  No shortness of breath, cough or difficulty breathing indicated

GASTROINTESTINAL:  No anorexia, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. No abdominal pain or blood indicated

GENITOURINARY:  No Burning on urination. No indication of Pregnancy. Last menstrual period not indicated.

NEUROLOGICAL:  No headache, dizziness, syncope, paralysis, ataxia, numbness or tingling in the extremities. No change in bowel or bladder control indicated

MUSCULOSKELETAL:  bilateral ankle pain, worse on R. Positive pulses on both dorsalis and pedis bilaterally. Right ankle with 1+edema, erythema; and tenderness on palpation noted. No edema or erythema noted on the left ankle.

HEMATOLOGIC:  No anemia, bleeding or bruising indicated

LYMPHATICS:  No enlarged nodes. No history of splenectomy.

PSYCHIATRIC:  None indicated

ENDOCRINOLOGIC:  No reported

ALLERGIES:  NkDA

Peripheral Vascular: Right ankle with 1+edema, erythema; and tenderness on palpation noted. No edema or erythema noted on the left ankle Positive pulses on both dorsalis and pedis bilaterally.

Assessment:

Additional questions

More needed questions may include

Point exactly where your pain is?

What’s your pain scale on 0-10, o no pain and 10 being the worst?

Have you taken anything for the pain?

What makes it better or worse?

Diagnostic results: This will include X-Ray, Ct scan and MRI According to Ball, Dains, Flynn, Solomon, and Stewart (2015) an x-ray of the ankle should be done when pain is present in the malleolar area with one of the following locations: Bony tenderness to the distal 6cm of the posterior edge or tip of the lateral malleolus, bony tenderness on the distal 6cm of the posterior edge or tip of the medial malleolus, or the inability for the patient to be weight bearing.  According to Ball, Dains, Baumann, & Scheibel 2016, Ottawa Ankle Rules are used to identify the need for diagnostic testing in the patient with ankle pain.  This tool determines that if a patient has ankle pain the malleolar area of the ankle in addition to bone tenderness near the posterior fibula, bone tenderness near the posterior tibia, or the inability to bear weight for four steps, he or she should be sent for an ankle radiography series. Also, Ottawa have 98.5%sensitivity level in identifying fracture.

Differential Diagnoses

1.  Ankle Sprain is an injury that occurs to one or more of the ligaments in the ankle that produces symptoms like pain, swelling, bruising, soreness, joint stiffness, and difficulty walking Sports injuries are very common when running, landing a jump, or any direct contact that can create pain, swelling, and even an audible tearing or popping, yet ecchymosis can be delayed by a few days (American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society, 2015).

  1. Achilles tendon injury: Occurs from a sudden snap in the lower calf with the inability to stand on the toes of the affected side (Saglimbeni, 2016).
  2. Post-exercise muscle soreness: Appears as a discomfort or pain to the distal portion of skeletal muscles after physical activity that one is not used to, as well as decreased strength and flexibility (Kedlaya, 2016).
  3. Achilles tendon injury presents through a sudden snap in the lower calf with the inability to stand on the toes of the affected side (Saglimbeni, 2016).

5.  Ankle Fracture: Stress fractures in the foot are most often seen in the calcaneus, navicular, and metatarsal bones, and less often in the cuboid bone.  An ankle fracture usually manifest with swelling, bruising, and an inability to bear weight (Unnithan & Thomas, 2018).

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now