Introduction to Theory in Healthcare Informatics

Write an essay addressing each of the following points/questions. Be sure to completely answer all the questions for each number item. There should be three sections, one for each item number below, as well the introduction (heading is the title of the essay) and conclusion paragraphs. Separate each section in your paper with a clear heading that allows your professor to know which bullet you are addressing in that section of your paper. Support your ideas with at least three (3) scholarly citations using APA citations in your essay. Make sure to reference the citations using the APA writing style for the essay. The cover page and reference page do not count towards the minimum word amount. Review the rubric criteria for this assignment.

Write an essay addressing the following prompts:

1. Electronic health records (EHRs) are easier to read than the paper charts of the past, but many complain that healthcare providers are focusing too much on the computer screen instead of the patient.

• Is this due to lack of skill or training, poor computer system design, or just the nature of computer charting?
• Is patient care suffering from the implementation of EHRs?
• Charting in an EHR consist of clicking boxes, do you feel this provides enough detail about the patient, condition, and events if there was a law suit?

1. Hebda, Hunter and Czar (2019) identify three types of data that is currently being tracked by organizations (p. 46).

• Identify and explain another type of data, specific to your practice, that is being tracked by an organization.
• Why do you feel this data is important to track? 
• Identify and discuss the organization that is tracking the data.
• Are there any ethical concerns with an outside organization tracking this data, explain and give examples?

1. In this week’s discussion post, you identified and explain the topic selected for the project.

• Provide a description of your selected topic based on input from the discussion forum. What is your project, why is it relevant to this class, and why is it important to you?
• Identify an informatics/healthcare theory from pages 29-30 of the textbook that aligns with the project and explain why.

Assignment Expectations-

Length: 500 words per essay prompt/each section (1500 total for this assignment)

Structure: Include a title page and reference page in APA style. These do not count towards the minimal word amount for this assignment. All APA Papers should include an introduction and conclusion. 

References: Use the appropriate APA style in-text citations and references for all resources utilized to answer the questions. Include at least three (3) scholarly sources to support your claims.

Rubric: This assignment uses a rubric for scoring. Please review it as part of your assignment preparation and again prior to submission to ensure you have addressed its criteria at the highest level.

Format: Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document (.doc or .docx) or a PDF document (.pdf)

File name:  Name your saved file according to your first initial, last name, and the module num

Evaluation of Plan Effectiveness Criteria

Over the past nine weeks, you selected an aggregate and conducted a risk assessment of its health, developed a care plan to address those health risks, planned to implement one intervention in a small group from the aggregate, and considered the effectiveness of the intervention on the health of the small group. It is time now for you to present your final submission of this Capstone project.

In a Microsoft Word document of 6-7 pages formatted in APA style, you will describe your project and evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention you implemented.

Include the following in your paper:

• A detailed description of the aggregate.
• A description of the aggregate’s strengths and weaknesses.
• A risk assessment of the aggregate.
• Diagnoses based on the risk assessment.
• A detailed care plan for the aggregate.
• A description of how at least one intervention was implemented in the aggregate to address an identified issue.
• An evaluation of the effectiveness of the intervention (this section should be 2-3 pages of your paper) and include the following:
  • Did I implement the intervention as planned? If not, what were the reasons?
  • Are there visible signs of success (for example, reduced health issues)? If yes, describe.
  • Interview/measure outcomes for two or three members of your group to determine/measure the effectiveness of the intervention(s).
    • Include transcripts of the interviews with the participants from the group in the appendix of your paper.
  • Finally, compare the projected effectiveness of your plan before implementation with the actual effectiveness after implementation.
  • You may want to use the responses to the above two criteria to measure the actual effectiveness of the intervention.

On a separate references page, cite all sources using APA format. Please note that the title and reference pages should not be included in the total page count of your paper.

• Use this APA Citation Helper as a convenient reference for properly citing resources.
• This handout will provide you the details of formatting your essay using APA style.

Bi-weekly Practicum Journaling

Every two weeks, you will submit a reflective journal to the discussion forum for review by course faculty and your classmates. All are expected to engage and support one another by sharing these experiences in a supportive, constructive, professional environment. Journaling is an active learning technique that is meant to enhance reflective practice (Blake, 2005). Reflective practice involves looking back over what has happened in the practice setting in an effort to improve performance or to encourage professional growth (Ruth-Sahd, 2003).

Your Weekly Practicum Journal is:

• A personal, introspective subjective account of your practicum experience and how your practicum experience relates to Healthy People 2020 and course objectives. Include events that occurred in your practicum experience, and be sure to describe your thoughts and feelings about those events.  How did your perceptions change? What did you learn that was unexpected? Describe your thinking about your thoughts and feelings regarding the new learning you experienced.
• Connected to South University’s College of Nursing Conceptual Framework Pillars (Caring, Communication, Critical Thinking, Professionalism, and Holism)
• Connected to prior coursework and experiences through reflective analysis.
• Written in a scholarly, academic style using APA style format. Two or three sentences are not sufficient nor are daily logs/reports of activities.

Citations should conform to APA guidelines. You may use this APA Citation Helper as a convenient reference for properly citing resources or connect to the APA Style website.

the assignment has to be on a diabetic/hypertensive patient admitted to a cardiac/ telemetry floor. re-admitted because of uncontrolled diabetes and hypertension. 

 Consider the “Four Topics Approach” (or Four Box method) to ethical decision making on page 61, Table 2.1 in Butts (below).  Apply this model to a challenging situation in your nursing career that required you to consider the ethical dimensions of the patient case and the role you played in providing care. Specifically apply and address the questions within each topic area as they pertain to your situation.

In your conclusion, discuss the impact of the Four Topics process. Did applying these principles shape your decision making in any way?  Does this seem like a valid process for you to apply in your practice? 

Your paper should be 1-2 pages. Adhere to APA formatting throughout, and cite any outside sources you may use.

Review the rubric for further information on how your assignment will be graded.

Due: Sunday, 11:59 p.m. (Pacific time)

Points: 60

TABLE 2-1 Four Topics Method for Analysis of Clinical Ethics Cases

Medical Indications: The Principles of Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

1. What is the patient’s medical problem? Is the problem acute? Chronic? Critical? Reversible? Emergent? Terminal?

2.  What are the goals of treatment?

3.  In what circumstances are medical treatments not indicated?

4.  What are the probabilities of success of various treatment options?

5.  In sum, how can this patient be benefited by medical and nursing care, and how can harm be avoided?

Patient Preferences:  The Principle of Respect for Autonomy

1. Has the patient been informed of benefits and risks, understood this information, and given consent?

2.  Is the patient mentally capable and legally competent, and is there evidence of incapacity?

3.  If mentally capable, what preferences about treatment is the patient stating?

4.  If incapacitated, has the patient expressed prior preferences?

5.  Who is the appropriate surrogate to make decisions for the incapacitated patient?

6.  Is the patient unwilling or unable to cooperate with medical treatment? If so, why?

Quality of Life: The Principles of Beneficence and Nonmaleficence and Respect for Autonomy

1.  What are the prospects, with or without treatment, for a return to normal life, and what physical, mental, and social deficits might the patient experience even if treatment succeeds?

2.  On what grounds can anyone judge that some quality of life would be undesirable for a patient who cannot make or express such a judgment?

3.  Are there biases that might prejudice the provider’s evaluation of the patient’s quality of life?

4.  What ethical issues arise concerning improving or enhancing a patient’s quality of life?

5.  Do quality-of-life assessments raise any questions regarding changes in treatment plans, such as forgoing life-sustaining treatment?

6.  What are plans and rationale to forgo life-sustaining treatment?

7.  What is the legal and ethical status of suicide?

Contextual Features: The Principles of Justice and Fairness

1.  Are there professional, interprofessional, or business interests that might create conflicts of interest in the clinical treatment of patients?

2.  Are there parties other than clinicians and patients, such as family members, who have an interest in clinical decisions?

3.  What are the limits imposed on patient confidentiality by the legitimate interests of third parties?

4.  Are there financial factors that create conflicts of interest in clinical decisions?

5.  Are there problems of allocation of scarce health resources that might affect clinical decisions?

6.  Are there religious issues that might influence clinical decisions?

7.  What are the legal issues that might affect clinical decisions?

8.  Are there considerations of clinical research and education that might affect clinical decisions?

9.  Are there issues of public health and safety that affect clinical decisions?

10.  Are there conflicts of interest within institutions and organizations (e.g., hospitals) that may affect clinical decisions and patient welfare?