What are you beliefs about the major concepts in nursing; person, environment, health, nursing? I am looking personal opinion I do not want book definitions.

2. Discuss the characteristics of Realism and Idealism and give one example of where do you see yourself on the continuum of realism and idealism

3. Define and differentiate between values and beliefs.

As the professional nurse, you realize that your nursing care area often sees patients with the same particularly challenging nursing care issue (not medical care issue). Include all of the following in your answer to this discussion.

• Identify the nursing care issue or problem and justify why it is a nursing care issue in need of implementation of evidence. Remember, this should not be a medical issue.
• Explain how you would search CINAHL for evidence on this topic (including search terms you would use) and how you would critically appraise the evidence found in your search. Note: You do not need to perform the search or provide an article for this discussion, but you may do so if you like.

Comment 1

Difference Between Grounded Theory and Ethnography

Definition

Grounded theory and ethnography are two qualitative research  methodologies. Grounded theory, developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss, is a methodology that involves developing theory through the analysis of data. Ethnography is the systematic study of a culture or community. The main difference between grounded theory and ethnography is their purpose; grounded theory aims at developing theories whereas ethnography aims at exploring and understanding a particular culture or community (Hasa,2017).  

Grounded Theory: Grounded theory is a methodology that involves developing theory through the analysis of data.

Ethnography: Ethnography is the detailed and systematic study of people and cultures.

Purpose

Grounded Theory: Grounded theory aims to develop theories in relation to the collected data.  

Ethnography: Ethnography aims to understand a particular culture or community.  

Review of Literature

Grounded Theory: Researchers do not consult literature before analyzing data since it may influence their findings. 

Ethnography: Ethnographers can consult literature before starting the field work.

Sampling

Grounded Theory:Theoretical sampling technique is used since it assists in developing theory.

Ethnography:Purposive sampling method is used since the study emphasizes on a particular aspect of culture.

Similarities between Grounded Theory and Ethnography

Firstly, in both methodologies, the researcher studies the phenomenon in its natural context and uses a holistic approach to study the phenomenon .

Secondly, in both the methodologies more than one data collected approach is adopted as it helps the researcher in providing multiple interpretations and also enhances the accuracy and credibility of the research study(Datt,2014).

The third similarity between the two methodologies is that; the researcher presents the reports from the perspective of participant who have experienced the phenomenon in the natural setting. Excerpts from the interviews, stories of participants are added to the report which enhances the overall richness of the research findings.

Comment 2

Three types of qualitative research include phenomenological, grounded theory, and ethnographic research. Phenomenological research attempts to examine how people perceive and comprehend a particular situation. The information can only be collected from individuals who have lived through the experience. Grounded theory research is based on symbolic reaction theory where it is used to discover problems that exist in a social scene and how the person views or deals with them. It involves formulation, testing, and redevelopment until a theory is developed. In spite of the differences, all of these approaches share the focus of phenomenology, which is exploring how human beings make sense of experience and the meaning they give to these experiences. Phenomenology is being used in the social and human sciences including sociology, education, psychology, nursing and health sciences (Creswell, 2007).

Similarities                                                                                                                                                           Phenomenology and grounded theory studies have many similarities. The researchers explore real life situations and require a high degree of interaction between the researcher and the individual, groups or situations being examined. Both grounded theorists and phenomenologists seek to collect and analyses data from participants’ perspectives and try to ensure their findings are not influenced by preconceived ideas. To achieve this, they often involve participants in data analysis to increase the trustworthiness of the findings. In brief, grounded theorists and phenomenologists both seek to explore individuals’ experiences in the context of the worlds in which they live.

Differences                                                                                                                                                       Phenomenology and grounded theory studies have many differences Phenomenology emerged from philosophy, primarily influenced by Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger; it aims to describe and explore experiences, which can only be done by collecting data from individuals who have lived through those experiences. Hence phenomenologists often refer to the lived experience and data is often limited to interviews, while findings are reported as a rich description of the experience drawing on characteristics identified during data analysis (Ploeg, 2004). Grounded theory was developed in sociology, and was first described by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss as a qualitative methodological approach in which the aim was to generate a grounded theory, to describe and explain the phenomenon under study. Unlike phenomenologists, grounded theorists seek to include all data sources that might contribute to theory development.

1) 

Do you feel it is better to allow individuals the freedom to choose any type of  (or no) health insurance coverage available to them or to increase government involvement in a person’s/family’s healthcare via mandates, such as the ACA and/or the government as a single insurer for all residents.  Why?      

2.)

 Discuss the mission of the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) and the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation (CMMI).  

3.)

If you could reform the malpractice or tort laws, what types of changes would you make? When do you feel it is appropriate for someone to claim damages from medical procedures or treatment? Do you feel there should be a cap on the payments, and if so, how would you decide what that cap would be? What are all the different costs involved in medical malpractice suites? Is it easier to talk about tort reform than to actually try to define it?          

 4. )  The rights of people once they have been incarcerated can be a controversial topic of      discussion. Discuss the healthcare rights of the incarcerated population. What do you feel should or should not be provided to those who are imprisoned? Are there certain tests or procedures that they feel should be performed routinely? Why or why not? What is the nurse’s role, based on the section on page 248?  

APA format word document, Arial 12 font, attached to the forum tab in the discussion board.    A minimum of 3 evidence-based references no older than 5 years  (excluding the class textbook) are required. You must post at least two replies to any or your peers sustained with the proper references.  A minimum of 600 words are required (excluding first and last page).