Home>Homework Answsers>Nursing homework helppathophysiologynursingSelect a sexually transmitted infection (STI) and do research on it. Write a 3-5 page paper about the condition/issue. In the paper discuss the concepts below:What is the pathophysiology of one STIWhat is the etiology of the selected STIWhat are the clinical manifestations of the selected STIWhat is the treatment for the selected STIUse 2-3 evidence-based articles from peer-reviewed journals or scholarly sources to support your findings. Be sure to cite your sources in-text and on a References page using APA format.Module5assignment.docx5 years ago01.08.202030Report issueAnswer(1)DexterMasters4.6(945)4.5(93)ChatPurchase the answer to view itNOT RATEDModule05writtenassignment.edited.docx5 years agoplagiarism checkPurchase $30Bids(113)MathProgrammingMARTHA92_PHDabhiisherePROVEN STERLINGTopanswersProf Double RRihAN_MendozaDr. Michelle_KMGuru OliviaPROFESSOR URGENTGradesMaestroQuality AssignmentsgrA+de plusHELPER WRITERMiss Ella WastonProf Bila ShakaAmanda SmithDr. Michelle_PhDPapersGuruBethuel Bestother Questions(10)PDF addedRey.WriterDescription: Language in the Wild Assignment 300 wordsHw1BUSN 460 Video_analysis_reportplease due by mondayDiscuss the R. v. Mohan (1994) case within the weekly discussion forum. Using the appropriate terminology, examine the background, participants, and historical significance of the case in relation to the malingering assessments used in today’s forensic prBLOOD SPATTER PAPER FOR GIFTED-WRITER ONLYADDICTION WORKSHEETjust for njosh only

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Home>Homework Answsers>Nursing homework helpasapSOONWeek 1 DiscussionScenario:A 27-year-old patient with a history of substance abuse is found unresponsive by emergency medical services (EMS) after being called by the patient’s roommate. The roommate states that he does not know how long the patient had been lying there. Patient received naloxone in the field and has become responsive. He complains of burning pain over his left hip and forearm. Evaluation in the ED revealed a large amount of necrotic tissue over the greater trochanter as well as the forearm. EKG demonstrated prolonged PR interval and peaked T waves. Serum potassium level 6.9 mEq/L.Post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario you were provided. Include the following in your explanation:The role genetics plays in the disease.Why the patient is presenting with the specific symptoms described.The physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred.The cells that are involved in this process.How another characteristic (e.g., gender, genetics) would change your response.5 years ago01.09.202010Report issueAnswer(2)DexterMasters4.8(11k+)4.8(2k+)ChatPurchase the answer to view itALTERATIONINCELLULARPROCESSES.docx5 years agoplagiarism checkPurchase $10Smart Study3.4(425)3.1(5)ChatPurchase the answer to view itNOT RATEDCaseStudyImmoncompressionandGenetics.docx4 years agoplagiarism checkPurchase $7.99Bids(82)Discount AssignMichelle GoodManRihAN_MendozaMUSYOKIONES A+Discount AnsYourStudyGuruHELPER WRITERProf Bila ShakaPROFESSOR URGENTAmanda SmithNightingaleTutor Cyrus KenEARNESTWRITERRosie SeptemberUrgent TutorSplendid TutorMEERAB NAEEMwizard kimMichelle Geekrunge-kutta acerother Questions(10)what Nissan’s operations function do to create value for the customers. While the some of the small specific actions they take should be noted here, don’t forget to state the obvious OM output. (Think, what does Nissan build?). What they build is theirOSHA currently enforces an eight-hour, time-weighted average (TWA) PEL of 90 dBA, and uses a 5 dB exchange rate. NIOSH recommends an eight-hour TWA exposure limit of 85 dBA and a 3 dB exchange rate. The 85 dBA limit and 3 dB exchange rate is also used asCase StudyThe Think Tankneed back in 6 1/2 hours from now(Read the Theory in Action on page 96. Write a 7 page paper in APA format.)The cash budget must be prepared before you can complete the:you have a square blanket which has an area of 1600 inches. what is the length of one sideKatrina Candies*****A++ Rated Tutorial Already***** Use as a Guide Paper*****“What have you learned about statistics?”

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Home>Homework Answsers>Nursing homework help4 months ago10.03.202512Report issuefiles (3)WK3DISC.Epidem.docxAntibotic.pdfCancer.pdfWK3DISC.Epidem.docxObservational Study DesignsA clinical pediatric nurse has noticed a rise in childhood asthma diagnoses among the Hispanic population served by the local clinic. The nurse is concerned about this increase in asthma incidence in the patient population and turns to the literature to explore current research on this topic. The nurse finds, through the reading, that there appears to be an association between parental smoking and childhood asthma and wonders if this could be the cause of the rise in cases.This type of suspected association between a risk factor (exposure) and a particular outcome (childhood asthma) can be evaluated using an observational study design. A relevant case-control study would match a group of controls (no asthma) with the case group (asthma diagnosis). Both groups would then be assessed on certain historical exposures like (a) family history; (b) early childhood respiratory infections; (c) secondhand smoke exposure; (d) urban residence (ozone); and (e) obesity. Measures might include interviews, surveys, and medical records. If results show the case group has a higher rate of exposure to a given risk factor, the researcher may conclude that exposure results in greater odds of asthma.In any epidemiological study, the design and methodology used should be appropriate for that study and for the research question. It is important for researchers to understand the strengths and limitations of each of the study designs and methods. This gives them a better chance of correctly interpreting results and synthesizing them for use in developing and implementing evidence-based population health programs. For this Discussion, you will explore the strengths and limitations of various types of observational study designs and critique their appropriateness for specific studies.This type of suspected association between a risk factor (exposure) and a particular outcome (childhood asthma) can be evaluated using an observational study design. A relevant case-control study would match a group of controls (no asthma) with the case group (asthma diagnosis). Both groups would then be assessed on certain historical exposures like (a) family history; (b) early childhood respiratory infections; (c) secondhand smoke exposure; (d) urban residence (ozone); and (e) obesity. Measures might include interviews, surveys, and medical records. If results show the case group has a higher rate of exposure to a given risk factor, the researcher may conclude that exposure results in greater odds of asthma.In any epidemiological study, the design and methodology used should be appropriate for that study and for the research question. It is important for researchers to understand the strengths and limitations of each of the study designs and methods. This gives them a better chance of correctly interpreting results and synthesizing them for use in developing and implementing evidence-based population health programs. For this Discussion, you will explore the strengths and limitations of various types of observational study designs and critique their appropriateness for specific studies.ResourcesBe sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.WEEKLY RESOURCESLearning ResourcesRequired Readings·· Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2021).Epidemiology for public health practice(6th ed.). Jones & Bartlett.. Chapter 6, “Study Designs: Ecologic, Cross-Sectional, Case Control”. Chapter 7, “Study Designs: Cohort Studies”· Bahr, R., Clarsen, B., Derman, W., Dvorak, J., Emery, C. A., Finch, C. F., Hägglund, M., Junge, A., Kemp, S., Khan, K. M., Marshall, S. W., Meeuwisse, W., Mountjoy, M., Orchard, J. W., Pluim, B., Quarrie, K. L., Reider, B., Schwellnus, M., Soligard, T., Stokes, K. A., … Chamari, K. (2020).International Olympic Committee consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport 2020 (including STROBE Extension for Sport Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS))Links to an external site..British Journal of Sports Medicine,54(7), 372–389. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101969· Community Preventative Services Task Force. (n.d.).The community guideLinks to an external site.. https://www.thecommunityguide.org/· Framingham Heart Study. (n.d.).Epidemiological background and design: The Framingham heart studyLinks to an external site..https://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/fhs-about/history/epidemiological-background/· STROBE. (2021).HomeLinks to an external site..https://www.strobe-statement.org/The STROBE Checklist is considered the gold-standard in assessing the quality of observational research studies.· U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.).Healthy People 2030Links to an external site.. https://health.gov/healthypeopleArticles for this week’s Discussion:Note:By Day 1, your Instructor will assign you to a small group. Your group will be assignedtwoof the following articles to analyze.· Batty, G. D., & Hamer, M. (2020).Vascular risk factors, Framingham risk score, and COVID-19: Community-based cohort studyLinks to an external site.. Cardiovascular Research,116(10), 16641665. https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvaa178· Hillyer, G. C., Nazareth, M., Lima, S., Schmitt, K. M., Reyes, A., Fleck, E., Schwartz, G. K., & Terry, M. B. (2021).E-cigarette use among young adult patients: The opportunity to intervene on risky lifestyle behaviors to reduce cancer riskLinks to an external site..Journal of Community Health. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-021-01027-7· Kebede, E., Kekulawala, M. (2021).Risk factors for stillbirth and early neonatal death: A case-control study in tertiary hospitals in Addis Ababa, EthiopiaLinks to an external site..BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth,21(1), Article 641. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04025-8· Najafpour, Z., Godarzi, Z., Arab, M., & Yaseri, M. (2019).Risk factors for falls in hospital in-patients: A prospective nested case control studyLinks to an external site..International Journal of Health Policy and Management,(5), 300–306. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2019.11· Whittle, R. S., Diaz-Artiles, A. (2020).An ecological study of socioeconomic predictors in detection of COVID-19 cases across neighborhoods in New York CityLinks to an external site..BMC Medicine, 18(1),Article 271. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01731-6· Spector, A. L., Quinn, K. G., McAuliffe, T. L., DiFranceisco, W., Bendixen, A., Dickson-Gomez, J. (2020).Health-related quality of life and related factors among chronically homeless adults living in different permanent supportive housing models: A cross-sectional studyLinks to an external site..Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality-of-Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation,29(8), 20512061. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-020-02482-w· Palència, L., Ferrando J., Marí-Dell’Olmo, M., Gotsens, M., Morrison, J., Dzurova, D., Lustigova, M., Costa, C., Rodríguez-Sanz, M., Bosakova, L, Santana, P., & Borrell, C. (2020).Socio-economic inequalities on cancer mortality in nine European areas: The effect of the last economic recessionLinks to an external site..Cancer Epidemiology,69, Article 101827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2020.101827· Nguyen, L. H., Örtqvist, A. K., Cao, Y., Simon, T. G., Roelstraete, B., Song, M., Joshi, A. D., Staller, K., Chan, A. T., Khalili, H., Olén, O., & Ludvigsson, J. F. (2020).Antibiotic use and the development of inflammatory bowel disease: A national case-control study in SwedenLinks to an external site..The Lancet. Gastroenterology & Hepatology,(11), 986–995. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8034612/Required Media· The Challenges of Conducting TrialsTime Estimate:2 minutes· Let’s Learn Public Health. (2017, May 5).Epidemiological studies—made easy![Video].Links to an external site.YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jd3gFT0-C4sNote:The approximate length of this media piece is 10 minutes.To prepare:· Review the different types of observational study designs presented in the Learning Resources: ecologic, cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort.· Carefully examine the characteristics, strengths, and limitations of each design.· Consider when it is appropriate to use each of the observational study designs.· Consider how using observational study designs can lead to improvements in population health.· By Day 1 of this week, you should have received a communication from your Instructor assigning you to a small group to review two specific articles. Review the two articles your group was assigned, with a critical eye toward the researchers’ use of study design and their selected methods. Although several students will be assigned the same articles, this is NOT a group project; please submit your Discussion posts individually. You will then have the opportunity to discuss and share your thoughts with your colleagues.By Day 3 of Week 3In your assigned group area:Posta brief description of the two studies you were assigned, with a particular focus on the study design and methods. Then:· Describe at least one strength and one limitation of each study’s design.· Identify the population, data sources, and epidemiologic measures of association that the authors used.· Finally, share your insights about the appropriateness of the design for the study. Do you agree with the researchers’ choice of design?· Do you agree with the researchers’ conclusions? Justify your reasoning.·Assigned DISCUSS ON THIS· Palència, L., Ferrando J., Marí-Dell’Olmo, M., Gotsens, M., Morrison, J., Dzurova, D., Lustigova, M., Costa, C., Rodríguez-Sanz, M., Bosakova, L, Santana, P., & Borrell, C. (2020).Socio-economic inequalities on cancer mortality in nine European areas: The effect of the last economic recessionLinks to an external site..Cancer Epidemiology,69, Article 101827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2020.101827· Nguyen, L. H., Örtqvist, A. K., Cao, Y., Simon, T. G., Roelstraete, B., Song, M., Joshi, A. D., Staller, K., Chan, A. T., Khalili, H., Olén, O., & Ludvigsson, J. F. (2020).Antibiotic use and the development of inflammatory bowel disease: A national case-control study in SwedenLinks to an external site..The Lancet. Gastroenterology & Hepatology,(11), 986–995. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8034612/By Day 5 of Week 3Postat leasttwosubstantive responses to peersin a different groupwho analyzed at least one different article in their initial post. Include information from the Learning Resources in your responses as appropriate. You may expand on each peer’s posting with additional insight and resources about study designs, ask a question to further the discussion, or offer polite disagreement or critique supported with evidence. You may also make a suggestion or comment that guides or facilitates the discussion. At least one of your response posts should address the applicability of observational studies for improving population health status.By Day 7 of Week 3Respondto any questions you may have been asked by your peers inyour assigned group area. Note what you have learned and/or any insights you have gained as a result of reading the comments your peers made.Replyimage1.jpegAntibotic.pdfThis file is too large to display.View in new windowCancer.pdfThis file is too large to display.View in new windowCancer.pdfThis file is too large to display.View in new windowWK3DISC.Epidem.docxObservational Study DesignsA clinical pediatric nurse has noticed a rise in childhood asthma diagnoses among the Hispanic population served by the local clinic. The nurse is concerned about this increase in asthma incidence in the patient population and turns to the literature to explore current research on this topic. The nurse finds, through the reading, that there appears to be an association between parental smoking and childhood asthma and wonders if this could be the cause of the rise in cases.This type of suspected association between a risk factor (exposure) and a particular outcome (childhood asthma) can be evaluated using an observational study design. A relevant case-control study would match a group of controls (no asthma) with the case group (asthma diagnosis). Both groups would then be assessed on certain historical exposures like (a) family history; (b) early childhood respiratory infections; (c) secondhand smoke exposure; (d) urban residence (ozone); and (e) obesity. Measures might include interviews, surveys, and medical records. If results show the case group has a higher rate of exposure to a given risk factor, the researcher may conclude that exposure results in greater odds of asthma.In any epidemiological study, the design and methodology used should be appropriate for that study and for the research question. It is important for researchers to understand the strengths and limitations of each of the study designs and methods. This gives them a better chance of correctly interpreting results and synthesizing them for use in developing and implementing evidence-based population health programs. For this Discussion, you will explore the strengths and limitations of various types of observational study designs and critique their appropriateness for specific studies.This type of suspected association between a risk factor (exposure) and a particular outcome (childhood asthma) can be evaluated using an observational study design. A relevant case-control study would match a group of controls (no asthma) with the case group (asthma diagnosis). Both groups would then be assessed on certain historical exposures like (a) family history; (b) early childhood respiratory infections; (c) secondhand smoke exposure; (d) urban residence (ozone); and (e) obesity. Measures might include interviews, surveys, and medical records. If results show the case group has a higher rate of exposure to a given risk factor, the researcher may conclude that exposure results in greater odds of asthma.In any epidemiological study, the design and methodology used should be appropriate for that study and for the research question. It is important for researchers to understand the strengths and limitations of each of the study designs and methods. This gives them a better chance of correctly interpreting results and synthesizing them for use in developing and implementing evidence-based population health programs. For this Discussion, you will explore the strengths and limitations of various types of observational study designs and critique their appropriateness for specific studies.ResourcesBe sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.WEEKLY RESOURCESLearning ResourcesRequired Readings·· Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2021).Epidemiology for public health practice(6th ed.). Jones & Bartlett.. Chapter 6, “Study Designs: Ecologic, Cross-Sectional, Case Control”. Chapter 7, “Study Designs: Cohort Studies”· Bahr, R., Clarsen, B., Derman, W., Dvorak, J., Emery, C. A., Finch, C. F., Hägglund, M., Junge, A., Kemp, S., Khan, K. M., Marshall, S. W., Meeuwisse, W., Mountjoy, M., Orchard, J. W., Pluim, B., Quarrie, K. L., Reider, B., Schwellnus, M., Soligard, T., Stokes, K. A., … Chamari, K. (2020).International Olympic Committee consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport 2020 (including STROBE Extension for Sport Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS))Links to an external site..British Journal of Sports Medicine,54(7), 372–389. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101969· Community Preventative Services Task Force. (n.d.).The community guideLinks to an external site.. https://www.thecommunityguide.org/· Framingham Heart Study. (n.d.).Epidemiological background and design: The Framingham heart studyLinks to an external site..https://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/fhs-about/history/epidemiological-background/· STROBE. (2021).HomeLinks to an external site..https://www.strobe-statement.org/The STROBE Checklist is considered the gold-standard in assessing the quality of observational research studies.· U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.).Healthy People 2030Links to an external site.. https://health.gov/healthypeopleArticles for this week’s Discussion:Note:By Day 1, your Instructor will assign you to a small group. Your group will be assignedtwoof the following articles to analyze.· Batty, G. D., & Hamer, M. (2020).Vascular risk factors, Framingham risk score, and COVID-19: Community-based cohort studyLinks to an external site.. Cardiovascular Research,116(10), 16641665. https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvaa178· Hillyer, G. C., Nazareth, M., Lima, S., Schmitt, K. M., Reyes, A., Fleck, E., Schwartz, G. K., & Terry, M. B. (2021).E-cigarette use among young adult patients: The opportunity to intervene on risky lifestyle behaviors to reduce cancer riskLinks to an external site..Journal of Community Health. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-021-01027-7· Kebede, E., Kekulawala, M. (2021).Risk factors for stillbirth and early neonatal death: A case-control study in tertiary hospitals in Addis Ababa, EthiopiaLinks to an external site..BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth,21(1), Article 641. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04025-8· Najafpour, Z., Godarzi, Z., Arab, M., & Yaseri, M. (2019).Risk factors for falls in hospital in-patients: A prospective nested case control studyLinks to an external site..International Journal of Health Policy and Management,(5), 300–306. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2019.11· Whittle, R. S., Diaz-Artiles, A. (2020).An ecological study of socioeconomic predictors in detection of COVID-19 cases across neighborhoods in New York CityLinks to an external site..BMC Medicine, 18(1),Article 271. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01731-6· Spector, A. L., Quinn, K. G., McAuliffe, T. L., DiFranceisco, W., Bendixen, A., Dickson-Gomez, J. (2020).Health-related quality of life and related factors among chronically homeless adults living in different permanent supportive housing models: A cross-sectional studyLinks to an external site..Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality-of-Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation,29(8), 20512061. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-020-02482-w· Palència, L., Ferrando J., Marí-Dell’Olmo, M., Gotsens, M., Morrison, J., Dzurova, D., Lustigova, M., Costa, C., Rodríguez-Sanz, M., Bosakova, L, Santana, P., & Borrell, C. (2020).Socio-economic inequalities on cancer mortality in nine European areas: The effect of the last economic recessionLinks to an external site..Cancer Epidemiology,69, Article 101827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2020.101827· Nguyen, L. H., Örtqvist, A. K., Cao, Y., Simon, T. G., Roelstraete, B., Song, M., Joshi, A. D., Staller, K., Chan, A. T., Khalili, H., Olén, O., & Ludvigsson, J. F. (2020).Antibiotic use and the development of inflammatory bowel disease: A national case-control study in SwedenLinks to an external site..The Lancet. Gastroenterology & Hepatology,(11), 986–995. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8034612/Required Media· The Challenges of Conducting TrialsTime Estimate:2 minutes· Let’s Learn Public Health. (2017, May 5).Epidemiological studies—made easy![Video].Links to an external site.YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jd3gFT0-C4sNote:The approximate length of this media piece is 10 minutes.To prepare:· Review the different types of observational study designs presented in the Learning Resources: ecologic, cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort.· Carefully examine the characteristics, strengths, and limitations of each design.· Consider when it is appropriate to use each of the observational study designs.· Consider how using observational study designs can lead to improvements in population health.· By Day 1 of this week, you should have received a communication from your Instructor assigning you to a small group to review two specific articles. Review the two articles your group was assigned, with a critical eye toward the researchers’ use of study design and their selected methods. Although several students will be assigned the same articles, this is NOT a group project; please submit your Discussion posts individually. You will then have the opportunity to discuss and share your thoughts with your colleagues.By Day 3 of Week 3In your assigned group area:Posta brief description of the two studies you were assigned, with a particular focus on the study design and methods. Then:· Describe at least one strength and one limitation of each study’s design.· Identify the population, data sources, and epidemiologic measures of association that the authors used.· Finally, share your insights about the appropriateness of the design for the study. Do you agree with the researchers’ choice of design?· Do you agree with the researchers’ conclusions? Justify your reasoning.·Assigned DISCUSS ON THIS· Palència, L., Ferrando J., Marí-Dell’Olmo, M., Gotsens, M., Morrison, J., Dzurova, D., Lustigova, M., Costa, C., Rodríguez-Sanz, M., Bosakova, L, Santana, P., & Borrell, C. (2020).Socio-economic inequalities on cancer mortality in nine European areas: The effect of the last economic recessionLinks to an external site..Cancer Epidemiology,69, Article 101827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2020.101827· Nguyen, L. H., Örtqvist, A. K., Cao, Y., Simon, T. G., Roelstraete, B., Song, M., Joshi, A. D., Staller, K., Chan, A. T., Khalili, H., Olén, O., & Ludvigsson, J. F. (2020).Antibiotic use and the development of inflammatory bowel disease: A national case-control study in SwedenLinks to an external site..The Lancet. Gastroenterology & Hepatology,(11), 986–995. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8034612/By Day 5 of Week 3Postat leasttwosubstantive responses to peersin a different groupwho analyzed at least one different article in their initial post. Include information from the Learning Resources in your responses as appropriate. You may expand on each peer’s posting with additional insight and resources about study designs, ask a question to further the discussion, or offer polite disagreement or critique supported with evidence. You may also make a suggestion or comment that guides or facilitates the discussion. At least one of your response posts should address the applicability of observational studies for improving population health status.By Day 7 of Week 3Respondto any questions you may have been asked by your peers inyour assigned group area. Note what you have learned and/or any insights you have gained as a result of reading the comments your peers made.Replyimage1.jpegAntibotic.pdfThis file is too large to display.View in new windowCancer.pdfThis file is too large to display.View in new windowWK3DISC.Epidem.docxObservational Study DesignsA clinical pediatric nurse has noticed a rise in childhood asthma diagnoses among the Hispanic population served by the local clinic. The nurse is concerned about this increase in asthma incidence in the patient population and turns to the literature to explore current research on this topic. The nurse finds, through the reading, that there appears to be an association between parental smoking and childhood asthma and wonders if this could be the cause of the rise in cases.This type of suspected association between a risk factor (exposure) and a particular outcome (childhood asthma) can be evaluated using an observational study design. A relevant case-control study would match a group of controls (no asthma) with the case group (asthma diagnosis). Both groups would then be assessed on certain historical exposures like (a) family history; (b) early childhood respiratory infections; (c) secondhand smoke exposure; (d) urban residence (ozone); and (e) obesity. Measures might include interviews, surveys, and medical records. If results show the case group has a higher rate of exposure to a given risk factor, the researcher may conclude that exposure results in greater odds of asthma.In any epidemiological study, the design and methodology used should be appropriate for that study and for the research question. It is important for researchers to understand the strengths and limitations of each of the study designs and methods. This gives them a better chance of correctly interpreting results and synthesizing them for use in developing and implementing evidence-based population health programs. For this Discussion, you will explore the strengths and limitations of various types of observational study designs and critique their appropriateness for specific studies.This type of suspected association between a risk factor (exposure) and a particular outcome (childhood asthma) can be evaluated using an observational study design. A relevant case-control study would match a group of controls (no asthma) with the case group (asthma diagnosis). Both groups would then be assessed on certain historical exposures like (a) family history; (b) early childhood respiratory infections; (c) secondhand smoke exposure; (d) urban residence (ozone); and (e) obesity. Measures might include interviews, surveys, and medical records. If results show the case group has a higher rate of exposure to a given risk factor, the researcher may conclude that exposure results in greater odds of asthma.In any epidemiological study, the design and methodology used should be appropriate for that study and for the research question. It is important for researchers to understand the strengths and limitations of each of the study designs and methods. This gives them a better chance of correctly interpreting results and synthesizing them for use in developing and implementing evidence-based population health programs. For this Discussion, you will explore the strengths and limitations of various types of observational study designs and critique their appropriateness for specific studies.ResourcesBe sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.WEEKLY RESOURCESLearning ResourcesRequired Readings·· Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2021).Epidemiology for public health practice(6th ed.). Jones & Bartlett.. Chapter 6, “Study Designs: Ecologic, Cross-Sectional, Case Control”. Chapter 7, “Study Designs: Cohort Studies”· Bahr, R., Clarsen, B., Derman, W., Dvorak, J., Emery, C. A., Finch, C. F., Hägglund, M., Junge, A., Kemp, S., Khan, K. M., Marshall, S. W., Meeuwisse, W., Mountjoy, M., Orchard, J. W., Pluim, B., Quarrie, K. L., Reider, B., Schwellnus, M., Soligard, T., Stokes, K. A., … Chamari, K. (2020).International Olympic Committee consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport 2020 (including STROBE Extension for Sport Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS))Links to an external site..British Journal of Sports Medicine,54(7), 372–389. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101969· Community Preventative Services Task Force. (n.d.).The community guideLinks to an external site.. https://www.thecommunityguide.org/· Framingham Heart Study. (n.d.).Epidemiological background and design: The Framingham heart studyLinks to an external site..https://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/fhs-about/history/epidemiological-background/· STROBE. (2021).HomeLinks to an external site..https://www.strobe-statement.org/The STROBE Checklist is considered the gold-standard in assessing the quality of observational research studies.· U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.).Healthy People 2030Links to an external site.. https://health.gov/healthypeopleArticles for this week’s Discussion:Note:By Day 1, your Instructor will assign you to a small group. Your group will be assignedtwoof the following articles to analyze.· Batty, G. D., & Hamer, M. (2020).Vascular risk factors, Framingham risk score, and COVID-19: Community-based cohort studyLinks to an external site.. Cardiovascular Research,116(10), 16641665. https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvaa178· Hillyer, G. C., Nazareth, M., Lima, S., Schmitt, K. M., Reyes, A., Fleck, E., Schwartz, G. K., & Terry, M. B. (2021).E-cigarette use among young adult patients: The opportunity to intervene on risky lifestyle behaviors to reduce cancer riskLinks to an external site..Journal of Community Health. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-021-01027-7· Kebede, E., Kekulawala, M. (2021).Risk factors for stillbirth and early neonatal death: A case-control study in tertiary hospitals in Addis Ababa, EthiopiaLinks to an external site..BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth,21(1), Article 641. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04025-8· Najafpour, Z., Godarzi, Z., Arab, M., & Yaseri, M. (2019).Risk factors for falls in hospital in-patients: A prospective nested case control studyLinks to an external site..International Journal of Health Policy and Management,(5), 300–306. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2019.11· Whittle, R. S., Diaz-Artiles, A. (2020).An ecological study of socioeconomic predictors in detection of COVID-19 cases across neighborhoods in New York CityLinks to an external site..BMC Medicine, 18(1),Article 271. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01731-6· Spector, A. L., Quinn, K. G., McAuliffe, T. L., DiFranceisco, W., Bendixen, A., Dickson-Gomez, J. (2020).Health-related quality of life and related factors among chronically homeless adults living in different permanent supportive housing models: A cross-sectional studyLinks to an external site..Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality-of-Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation,29(8), 20512061. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-020-02482-w· Palència, L., Ferrando J., Marí-Dell’Olmo, M., Gotsens, M., Morrison, J., Dzurova, D., Lustigova, M., Costa, C., Rodríguez-Sanz, M., Bosakova, L, Santana, P., & Borrell, C. (2020).Socio-economic inequalities on cancer mortality in nine European areas: The effect of the last economic recessionLinks to an external site..Cancer Epidemiology,69, Article 101827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2020.101827· Nguyen, L. H., Örtqvist, A. K., Cao, Y., Simon, T. G., Roelstraete, B., Song, M., Joshi, A. D., Staller, K., Chan, A. T., Khalili, H., Olén, O., & Ludvigsson, J. F. (2020).Antibiotic use and the development of inflammatory bowel disease: A national case-control study in SwedenLinks to an external site..The Lancet. Gastroenterology & Hepatology,(11), 986–995. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8034612/Required Media· The Challenges of Conducting TrialsTime Estimate:2 minutes· Let’s Learn Public Health. (2017, May 5).Epidemiological studies—made easy![Video].Links to an external site.YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jd3gFT0-C4sNote:The approximate length of this media piece is 10 minutes.To prepare:· Review the different types of observational study designs presented in the Learning Resources: ecologic, cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort.· Carefully examine the characteristics, strengths, and limitations of each design.· Consider when it is appropriate to use each of the observational study designs.· Consider how using observational study designs can lead to improvements in population health.· By Day 1 of this week, you should have received a communication from your Instructor assigning you to a small group to review two specific articles. Review the two articles your group was assigned, with a critical eye toward the researchers’ use of study design and their selected methods. Although several students will be assigned the same articles, this is NOT a group project; please submit your Discussion posts individually. You will then have the opportunity to discuss and share your thoughts with your colleagues.By Day 3 of Week 3In your assigned group area:Posta brief description of the two studies you were assigned, with a particular focus on the study design and methods. Then:· Describe at least one strength and one limitation of each study’s design.· Identify the population, data sources, and epidemiologic measures of association that the authors used.· Finally, share your insights about the appropriateness of the design for the study. Do you agree with the researchers’ choice of design?· Do you agree with the researchers’ conclusions? Justify your reasoning.·Assigned DISCUSS ON THIS· Palència, L., Ferrando J., Marí-Dell’Olmo, M., Gotsens, M., Morrison, J., Dzurova, D., Lustigova, M., Costa, C., Rodríguez-Sanz, M., Bosakova, L, Santana, P., & Borrell, C. (2020).Socio-economic inequalities on cancer mortality in nine European areas: The effect of the last economic recessionLinks to an external site..Cancer Epidemiology,69, Article 101827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2020.101827· Nguyen, L. H., Örtqvist, A. K., Cao, Y., Simon, T. G., Roelstraete, B., Song, M., Joshi, A. D., Staller, K., Chan, A. T., Khalili, H., Olén, O., & Ludvigsson, J. F. (2020).Antibiotic use and the development of inflammatory bowel disease: A national case-control study in SwedenLinks to an external site..The Lancet. Gastroenterology & Hepatology,(11), 986–995. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8034612/By Day 5 of Week 3Postat leasttwosubstantive responses to peersin a different groupwho analyzed at least one different article in their initial post. Include information from the Learning Resources in your responses as appropriate. You may expand on each peer’s posting with additional insight and resources about study designs, ask a question to further the discussion, or offer polite disagreement or critique supported with evidence. You may also make a suggestion or comment that guides or facilitates the discussion. At least one of your response posts should address the applicability of observational studies for improving population health status.By Day 7 of Week 3Respondto any questions you may have been asked by your peers inyour assigned group area. Note what you have learned and/or any insights you have gained as a result of reading the comments your peers made.Replyimage1.jpegAntibotic.pdfThis file is too large to display.View in new windowCancer.pdfThis file is too large to display.View in new window123Bids(55)Dr. Ellen RMMISS HILLARY A+Dr. Aylin JMProf Double REmily ClareDr. Sarah Blakefirstclass tutorMiss Deannasherry proffMUSYOKIONES A+Dr ClovergrA+de plusSheryl HoganMARTHA92_PHDpacesetters2121ProWritingGuruDr. Everleigh_JKColeen AndersonIsabella HarvardBrilliant GeekShow All Bidsother Questions(10)please complete thisPOLS210 Week 1 Quiz Latest 2017Critiqueteacher Charlespost Yhomit 6Requesting assistance, see attachment.Week 6 DQSerious Inquiries Statistics HomeworkStatistics for Managers PaperProgression assignment

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Home>Homework Answsers>Nursing homework helpApplication of Course KnowledgeWilbur’s presentation aligns with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) based on his symptoms and clinical history. HIV is a virus that targets the immune system, particularly CD4+ T-helper cells, leading to immunosuppression. The progressive decline in immune function predisposes individuals to opportunistic infections and systemic complications.One of the hallmark features of HIV is immune dysregulation, which leads to increased susceptibility to infections and inflammatory dermatological manifestations. Wilbur’s flat, purple-colored rash may be indicative of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), a common HIV-associated malignancy caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). This condition is strongly associated with advanced HIV disease and AIDS. KS lesions often appear as non-painful, non-pruritic macules, plaques, or nodules, primarily on the skin but can involve mucosal surfaces and internal organs.Another key finding is a white coating on the tongue, which suggests oral candidiasis (thrush)—a common opportunistic fungal infection in HIV patients due to Candida species overgrowth. Oral candidiasis frequently occurs in individuals with weakened immune function and is one of the early signs of HIV progression.Additionally, Wilbur reports that he has “been sick a lot lately,” which may indicate recurrent infections, another hallmark of HIV due to its profound effect on immune function.Diagnostic TestsTo confirm an HIV diagnosis in Wilbur, the following tests would be appropriate:1.  HIV Screening Tests- HIV-1/2 antigen/antibody (4th-generation) test: Detects both HIV antibodies and the p24 antigen, providing an early diagnosis.- HIV RNA PCR (Nucleic Acid Amplification Test – NAAT): Useful for detecting acute HIV infection before seroconversion.2.  CD4+ T-Cell Count and HIV Viral Load- CD4+ count: Measures immune system function; a count <200 cells/mm³ indicates AIDS.- HIV viral load (HIV RNA PCR): Assesses the level of virus in the blood and helps monitor disease progression.3. Opportunistic Infection Testing- Biopsy of the skin rash: To confirm Kaposi’s sarcoma.- Potassium hydroxide (KOH) smear or fungal culture for oral candidiasis.- Complete Blood Count (CBC) and Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) to assess overall health status and detect abnormalities associated with HIV.Comparison with Other ConditionsA peer analyzing Wilbur’s case through the lens of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) might focus on the rash and recurrent infections, as SLE can also present with skin lesions and immune dysfunction. However, Wilbur’s purple-colored rash is more suggestive of Kaposi’s sarcoma rather than the malar (butterfly) rash seen in SLE. Furthermore, SLE-related rashes are often photosensitive, which is not mentioned in Wilbur’s case.Additionally, oral candidiasis is not a common feature of SLE but is strongly associated with immunosuppression, as seen in HIV. While both conditions can lead to increased susceptibility to infections, the presence of an AIDS-defining illness like Kaposi’s sarcoma strongly supports an HIV diagnosis over SLE.ConclusionWilbur’s symptoms, including the purple-colored rash, oral candidiasis, and frequent illnesses, align closely with the pathophysiology of HIV/AIDS rather than SLE or allergies. Diagnostic testing, including HIV screening, CD4 count, viral load, and opportunistic infection screening, would be the next appropriate step. If confirmed, timely antiretroviral therapy (ART) is essential for managing his condition and preventing further complications.ReferencesFauci, A. S., Lane, H. C. (2020). Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: AIDS and Related Disorders. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 21st Edition.Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. (2023). Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in adults and adolescents with HIV. Department of Health and Human Services.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2023). HIV Basics. Retrieved from [https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/](https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/)4 months ago10.03.202515Report issueBids(58)Dr. Ellen RMMathProgrammingMISS HILLARY A+Dr. Aylin JMnicohwilliamProf Double RProf. TOPGRADEEmily ClareDr. Sarah Blakefirstclass tutorMiss Deannasherry proffDr CloverSheryl HoganMARTHA92_PHDpacesetters2121ProWritingGuruDr. Everleigh_JKColeen AndersonIsabella HarvardShow All Bidsother Questions(10)Database SecurityBeing the Leaderprogramming2need help with biology homeworkDiscussion Topic 1 Week 2mastering physicsonline examAMERICAN HISTORY For MASTER TUTOR ONLYReflecting on the CourseHHS 460

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