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Use of Theory in Health Communication Design
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Introduction
The Drug Abuse Resistance Education program is used in nearly 80% of the school districts in the United States, in 54 other countries around the world, and is taught to 36,000,000 students each year. Therefore, it’s important to know if this highly popular program is effective in reducing alcohol and drug use.
–David J. Hanson
Many health communication campaigns are ineffective or unsuccessful. As a health educator, how might you avoid creating an ineffective health communication campaign?
Consider for example that most of the ineffective health communication campaigns have one thing in common. They are not based on any type of theoretical framework or model. 

This is unfortunate given that there are many effective health education theories and models that can help make your health communication campaign successful.
As a health educator you may be required to develop a health communication campaign that is based on comprehensive applicable conceptualizations such as the social marketing framework regarding the “4 Ps” of marketing (Price, Product, Place, and Promotion) or the Communication-Persuasion Matrix.
Additionally, there are many health behavioral models that may also be integrated to help tailor messages and provide cues to action. Some of the more common behavioral models used when creating health communication campaigns include the Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change), Theory of Reasoned Action, Social Cognitive Theory, and the Health Belief Model. In reviewing the scientific literature, health educators are able to determine how to use these models for specific health topics and populations. 

This week, you examine and review the theoretical frameworks used in creating health communication campaigns. You also create a health communication campaign brochure using the Stages of Change health behavioral model.
Required Resources
Readings
Hatchell, A.C., Bassett-Gunter, R.L., Clarke, M., Kimura, S., & Latimer-Cheung, A. E. (2013). Messages for men: The efficacy of EPPM-based messages targeting men’s physical activity. Health Psychology, 32(1), 24–32.
Noar, S. M., & Van Stee, S. K. (2012). Designing messages for individuals in different stages of change. In H. Cho (Ed.), Health communication message design: Theory and practice (pp. 209–229). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
(Chapter 12 in the course text)
National Cancer Institute. (n.d.). Pink book: Making health communication programs work. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute, Office of Communications.
Making health communication programs work. (pp. 11)
“Stage 1: Planning Strategy Development” (pp.15–51)
“Stage 2: Developing and Pretesting Concepts, Messages, and Materials” (pp. 53–89)

 Week 5 Discussion
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Critiquing Health Communication Materials
In last week’s Assignment, you conducted a literature review examining effective health communication campaigns. As you explored this week, the majority of effective health communication campaigns integrate health behavior theories and models. As a health educator, how will you determine which health behavior theory or model is most appropriate when creating a health communication campaign?
For this Discussion, consider your literature review from last week. Select a stage of change pertaining to your selected health topic. Then, develop a tri-fold brochure for your health communication campaign that demonstrates your selected stage of change. Remember to create a brochure that is appropriate for your target population and includes a health message that will support your overall health communication campaign for the course.
Post by Day 3 a brief description of the brochure that you plan to develop for your selected health topic including the draft of the brochure that you created. Explain why you selected the stage of change and how this stage of change is incorporated into your brochure. Be specific and provide examples.

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Give a brief summary of the major clinical issues that the client is presenting with and their relevant background and cultural information.
What is ONE example of a barrier to treatment that your client faced previously or would have faced if traditional Western therapy was used with this client?
How did the therapist address this barrier to treatment and respond in a culturally sensitive manner?
Briefly describe what you have learned or know about cultural sensitivity.
Give a brief summary of the major clinical issues that the client is presenting with and their relevant background and cultural information.
What is ONE example of a barrier to treatment that your client faced previously or would have faced if traditional Western therapy was used with this client?
How did the therapist address this barrier to treatment and respond in a culturally sensitive manner?
Briefly describe what you have learned or know about cultural sensitivity.

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My Public Health Issue will be Childhood obesity in black communities
Address the following:
Describe an issue or situation related to a public health problem, which would include a background description of a targeted population and geographical area.
Explain how the problem, issue, or situation is related to public health and the significance of the problem.
Describe the benefits to be gained by the population and geographical area being served.
Explain the purpose of your project and the outcomes you intend to see as a result of implementing it.
Include least three peer-reviewed articles that support your problem definition and rationale.
APA format please, cover page, reference page and intext references, 3-5 pages

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Ethics in Epidemiological Research
An Experimental Study in the Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes
Imagine that researchers are conducting a randomized controlled trial of a high-fiber supplement as a preventive measure in persons at increased risk of type 2 diabetes. People enrolled in the study are disease-free at the time they agree to participate in the trial, but they all have a family history of type 2 diabetes and are considered at high-risk (80%) to develop the disease during their lifetime. The 10,000 participants who start the trial are healthy individuals who are randomly allocated to receive either high-fiber supplements or placebo for several years. As you can imagine, this study will be quite expensive and will require a large infrastructure of personnel and materials to carry it out successfully.
Because type 2 diabetes has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, the potential benefits of this research are important at a population level.

 Unfortunately, high-fiber supplements have also been shown in a few studies to be associated with the gastrointestinal blockage (which can be life-threatening) and reduced nutrient absorption, which may lead to anemia, osteoporosis, and other debilitating chronic diseases. The supplements may also reduce absorption of certain medications and cause gastrointestinal distress. The potential side effects of continuous high-fiber supplementation are only partially understood, and long-term effects are unknown.
Post your initial response to at least two of the following questions:
What are the potential risks and benefits to be considered when designing this study?
When the side effects and long-term effects of a potential preventive measure are largely unknown, is it ethical to expose participants to these risks? Why or why not?
Is it ethical to deny the possible prevention benefits of high-fiber supplements to persons in the placebo group? Why or why not?
Do the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks to the participants and to society? Why or why not?
Use the information above, and chose any of the two questions below and answer with the good explanation.

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Immune and Musculoskeletal Diseases
Research an autoimmune disease that affects the musculoskeletal system.
Write a 2-page paper.
Address the following in the paper:
The pertinent information on both the immune and musculoskeletal systems
Disease etiology, prognosis, signs and symptoms, treatments, complications, and prevention
Include a title page and 2-3 references. Only one reference can be from the Internet (not Wikipedia). The other references must be from the Grantham University online library. Please adhere to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), (6th edition, 2nd printing) when writing and submitting assignments and papers.

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