6 slide Powerpoint on stepwise approach to asthma APA In-text citations

Home>Homework Answsers>Nursing homework helpbest workpharmacologyCreate a6-slide PowerPoint presentationthat can beused in a staff development meetingon presentingdifferent approaches for implementing the stepwise approach for asthma treatment.MUST INCLUDE TITLE & REFERENCE SLIDE MUSTINCLUDE PICTURESBe sure to address the following:Describelong-term control and quick relief treatment optionsfor theasthmapatient from your practice as well as theimpact these drugs might have on your patient.Explain thestepwise approach to asthma treatment and management for your patient.Explainhow stepwise management assists health care providers and patients in gaining and maintaining control of the disease.Be specific.FYI: To PrepareReflect on drugs used to treat asthmatic patients, including long-term control and quick relief treatment options for patients. Think about the impact these drugs might have on patients, including adults and children.Consider how you might apply the stepwise approach to address the health needs of a patient in your practice.Reflect on how stepwise management assists health care providers and patients in gaining and maintaining control of the disease.6 years ago10.09.201914Report issueAnswer(2)BEST HOMEWORK TUTOR2.5(22)(Not rated)ChatPurchase the answer to view itNOT RATEDANSWER4.docx6 years agoplagiarism checkPurchase $1Wendy Lewis4.7(19k+)4.8(3k+)ChatPurchase the answer to view itNOT RATEDApproachforasthmatreatment.pptxTRRYUP.pdf6 years agoplagiarism checkPurchase $14Bids(69)Great-WritersGradesMaestroMARTHA92_PHDnicohwilliamYourStudyGuruDoctor_EdwardAmanda SmithSmartwriter14TalentedtutorMiss BrigitProf_Dismuzsmart-tutorprofessor mitchDr. Ameerahbrilliant answersUSH soluTionsDr R Judy MarkWendy Lewiskim woodsYourstarother Questions(10)Multiple RegressionMarketingHR group project, NEED in 8 HOURS, only two paragraphs of conclusion and work citedI have homework after 5 hoursSOCIOLOGY PAPER24 pages essay about asian american studyquestionssstwoEuropean historyHomework

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IOM report on nursing

Home>Homework Answsers>Nursing homework helpIOM on future nursingW4QPRUBIC.docm6 years ago19.11.201912Report issueAnswer(1)Wendy Lewis4.7(19k+)4.8(3k+)ChatPurchase the answer to view itNOT RATEDIOMReport.docxUO.pdf6 years agoplagiarism checkPurchase $12Bids(70)teacher CharlesWriting WondersHomework ProQuickly answerPROF washington watsonwizard kimKATHERINE BECKSDr R Judy Markbennetsandovajim claireElprofessoriYourstarbrilliant answersUrgent TutorCatherine OwensSuper Geekkim woodsRESPECT WRITERWendy LewisTerry Robertsother Questions(10)Suppose that a small town has seven burger shops whose respective shares of the local hamburger market arehi JqueryddddOrganizational Changehomework section FConstitutional Issues in Criminal ProceduresBUS 415 Week 1 DQ 1BUS 475 Final Exam 8COMPLETE STATISTIC QUIZZESpayment-link

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Annotated Bibliography on Transitions of Care

Home>Homework Answsers>Nursing homework helpDetailedspecificSelect a transition of care (hospital, specialty care, rehabilitation, nursing home, homebound, etc.).Use the Library and other reputable academic resources tolocate 5­ scholarly resourceson nurse leadership during this transition of care. Identify what constitutes effectiveness (i.e., cost, care management, best/effective providers, best setting, sustaining outcomes) for this transition of care within each setting. What evidence supports this transition of care or transition of care intervention?Module2AssignmentAnnotatedBibliographyonTransitionsofCare.docx6 years ago20.12.201925Report issueAnswer(1)Amanda Smith4.8(1k+)4.9(138)ChatPurchase the answer to view itNOT RATED222.docxtod.pdf6 years agoplagiarism checkPurchase $25Bids(69)Discount AnsDiscount AssignQuality AssignmentsAllRoundBest TutorProf Double RYourStudyGuruAmanda SmithPapersGuruDr_inaayaDoctor.NamiraPROF. ANNProfessor LizzTeacher Trumahnwizard kimrunge-kutta acerbrilliant answersjim claireLilliana_SmithbennetsandovaElprofessoriother Questions(10)comprehensiveBusiness law hwHow does the Jewish outlook on suffering compare with the secular culture’s view of suffering?questionsTraining and Performance ManagementHuman Resources, Assignment 3: Diverse Workforce, 5-7 slide power pointAre expert in system analysis and design ?term proposal EconomicsBusiness Torts and EthicsProject

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Current Event. Local Issue

Home>Homework Answsers>Nursing homework helpurgentNURSEnursingInstructionsFind an article in your local newspaper (I live in Miami) about a local policy issue that affects you. For example, an article concerning your county’s decision to privatize your trash collection service. Summarize the article and explain how this issue affects you. Is the article neutral? Why or why not? How might you influence this policy in the future?Be sure to include a scanned copy of the article in your submission in addition to citations. There are several free scannable apps on the market such as Scannable. If printing is an obstacle, you may include a hyperlink to the article. However, if the link breaks or can not be accessed the burden falls on you to produce that article or to risk losing points.Writing Requirements (APA format)Length: 3 full  pages (not including title page or references page)1-inch marginsDouble spaced12-point Times New Roman fontTitle pageReferences pagePOLI330Week1CurrentEventGradiingRubric.docx5 years ago08.03.202010Report issueAnswer(1)Ryan Gosling5.0(14)5.0(7)ChatPurchase the answer to view itPlagiarismReport.pdfCaronavirusinMiami.docx5 years agoplagiarism checkPurchase $15Bids(80)BRIGHT MIND PROFSTELLAR GEEK A+reliablewritergrA+de plusQuality AssignmentsAllRoundBest TutorMiss Ella WastonAmanda SmithDoctor.NamiraMath GuruuRosie SeptemberQuickly answermichael smithRanchoddas Chanchad PhDElprofessoribrilliant answersBrooklyn MilanSasha SpencerBrilliant Geekrunge-kutta acerother Questions(10)GB520 Strategic Human Resources Management- unit 2BUS 330Managerial approach to Marketing DB 5Discussion question 200 wordsexam_6_stasticsWriting assignment #1Exploring Personality TheoriesNeed a Business plan..edu 647 wk 4 assignmentDiscrete Mathematics

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Summative Assignment: Critique of Research Article

Home>Homework Answsers>Nursing homework helpstaturgenteasyA research critique demonstrates your ability to critically read an investigative study. For this assignment, choose a research article related to nursing or medicine to critique. The assignment instructions/rubric, guidelines to help write the paper, and the research article are attached.AssignmentInstructions.docxCritiquingGuidelines.docxStress_and_Health_in_Nursing_Students__The_Nurse.6.pdf5 years ago29.03.202080Report issueAnswer(1)Quality Assignments4.9(2k+)4.9(258)ChatPurchase the answer to view itResearchCritique1.docxStress_and_Health_in_Nursing_Students__The_Nurse.61.pdf5 years agoplagiarism checkPurchase $80Bids(92)Dr CloverProf Double RMEERAB NAEEMQuality AssignmentsDr. Michelle_KMGuru OliviaMiss Ella WastonBrainy BrianLouisa95Gabriella MalkQuickly answerSheena A+Eastonhassan0906ElprofessoriRanchoddas Chanchad PhDPROF. ANNbrilliant answersUrgent TutorRosie SeptemberMiss Lynnother Questions(10)Paper due by 1:30 CT 90$ACC-280-Week 5 Team Assignment Ethics Case BYP8-6ACC-280-Week 3 Individual Assignment – Assignments from the Reading.doclook at the description for the questions, * The deal is : Answer the questions CORRECTLY, send to me , and I will happily pay. Thank you. EMIL:[email protected]SCI 256 Week 2 Assignment ( Natural Resources and Energy Team Paper – Plan ) – A Graded – Best Tutorial – Quality Work – Latest SyllabusEasy AssignmentpaperUsing the ethical decision making procesDiscussion 1 – Discussion – Strategic ThinkingEmerging Fitness and Exercise Trends

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FHEA Exam Follow-up

Home>Homework Answsers>Nursing homework helpIn Week 3 you completed the Fitzgerald University Exit Comprehensive Exam and you should have received your results. This exam is an example of the certification exam you may be required to take in order to be licensed as a PMHNP in your state. Your results from the exam may reflect how you would do in the actual certification exam.In this Assignment, you will develop a plan of action to address any areas of the exam where you may have scored less than acceptable.Learning ObjectivesStudents will:· Develop plan of action for certification exam preparationTo prepare for this Assignment:· Develop plan of action for certification exam preparationIn 1 page:Based on your results from the FHEA Exam, develop a plan of action, including an academic study plan, which will help you maintain your areas of strength and address the areas that need improvement, and help you prepare for the Certification Exam. Address each area of the exam including:· Foundations of Advanced Practice Nursing· Independent Practice Competencies· Professional Role and PolicyFEE.docx20200327_205307_002.jpg20200327_2049240.jpg5 years ago28.03.20205Report issueAnswer(1)brilliant answers4.8(29k+)4.9(6k+)ChatPurchase the answer to view itNOT RATEDActionPlan.docxActionPlan.docx5 years agoplagiarism checkPurchase $5Bids(79)Amanda SmithAmerican TutorDr. Michelle_PhDJane the tutorBrainy BrianPROF washington watsonhassan0906ElprofessoriRanchoddas Chanchad PhDPROF. ANNRanju Lewisbrilliant answersUrgent TutorRosie SeptemberBrooklyn MilanHomework Promichael smithSasha SpencerDexterMastersTaylor Rodmanother Questions(10)Cover LetterEc142 Week 6 Homeworkphysiology lab….***putul only access worksheets***Assignment 1: Discussion—Fossil Fuels versus Renewable EnergyRisk ManagmentWeek 5 ..MKT571 MKT/571 Client Pitch Presentation, Knowledge check 100% scoreThe quality control manager at a light globe factory needs to estimate the mean life of large shipment of energy-saving…1.     Suppose that both Country A and Country B have the same production function: Y/L = 6*(K/L)0.5. However, Country A…Mistake

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Journal

Home>Homework Answsers>Nursing homework helpJournal Entry #2Critical reflection of your growth and development during your practicum experience in a clinical setting has the benefit of helping you identify opportunities for improvement in your clinical skills while also recognizing your clinical strengths and successes.This week, you will write a Journal Entry reflecting on your clinical strengths and opportunities for improvement.Journal Entry (2–3 pages):Based on your experience,Describe an interesting case or a case that you have never seen before.Explain what you found challenging.Explain what you would do differently from your Preceptor.Explain the cultural differences you found challenging.ResourcesMold, J. W.,  Fox, C., Wisniewski, A., Darby Lipman, P., Krauss, M. R., Harris, D. R., Aspy, C., Cohen, R. A., Elward, K., Frame, P., Yawn, B. P., Solberg, L. I., & Gonin, R. (2014).Implementing asthma guidelines using practice facilitation and local learning collaboratives: A randomized controlled trial.Links to an external site.Annals of Family Medicine, 12(3), 233–240. http://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1624Links to an external site.National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2012).Expert panel report 3 (EPR3): Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma (EPR-3), 1–12.Links to an external site.https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/guidelines-for-diagnosis-management-of-asthmaLinks to an external site.Ralston, S. L., Lieberthal, A. S., Meissner, H. C., Alverson, B. K., Baley, J. E., Gadomski, A. M., Johnson, D. W., Light, M. J., Maraqa, N. F., Mendonca, E. A., Phelan, K. J., Zorc, J. J., Stanko-Lopp, D., Brown, M. A., Nathanson, I., Rosenblum, E., Sayles, S., III, & Hernandez-Cancio, S. (2014).Clinical practice guideline: The diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis.Links to an external site.Pediatrics, 134(5), E1474–E1502. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-2742.Links to an external site.Note: This resource is the most current clinical practice guideline.Practicum ResourcesHSoft Corporation. (2019).Welcome to MeditrekLinks to an external site..https://edu.meditrek.com/Default.htmlNote: Use this website to log in to Meditrek to report your clinical hours and patient encounters.Links to an external site.Walden University. (2019).MSN nurse practitioner practicum manualLinks to an external site.. https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/fieldexperience/son/formsanddocumentsLinks to an external site.Walden University Field Experience. (2019a).Field experience: College of Nursing.Links to an external site.https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/fieldexperience/son/homeLinks to an external site.Walden University Field Experience. (2019b).Student practicum resources: NP student orientationLinks to an external site..https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/StudentPracticum/NP_StudentOrientationBe sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.WEEKLY RESOURCESBy Day 7Completeyour Journal Entry #2 Assignment.submission informationBefore submitting your final assignment, you can check your draft for authenticity. To check your draft, access theTurnitin Draftsfrom theStart Herearea.To submit your completed assignment, save your Assignment asWK5Journal2+last name+first initial.Then, click onStart Assignmentnear the top of the page.Next, click onUpload Fileand selectSubmit Assignmentfor review.3 months ago31.03.202515Report issueBids(54)Dr. Ellen RMMathProgrammingMISS HILLARY A+nicohwilliamProf Double REmily Clarefirstclass tutorsherry proffMUSYOKIONES A+Dr ClovergrA+de plusSheryl Hoganpacesetters2121ProWritingGuruDr. Everleigh_JKColeen AndersonIsabella HarvardBrilliant GeekWIZARD_KIMPROF_ALISTERShow All Bidsother Questions(10)Innovation? Commercialization.”Internal Consistency at Customer First” & “Compensation Considerations”Capitalistic and Free EconomyResisting Change Discussion BoardPlease write some form of discussion, comparison, differences and/OR definition for theA-Z Answers OnlySuppose that Omar’s marginal utility for cups of coffee is constant at 1.5 utils per cupFINC IP4MGT311 Organizational Development Week 2 ASSIGNMENT Employee Portfolio Management PlanPayment – YA2

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Unit I FMHC / CHS

Home>Homework Answsers>Nursing homework helpAccuratecompletesee attached3 months ago01.04.20255Report issuefiles (2)Mix12.docxQ2.Sguide.pdfMix12.docxQ1. Part II: Unit I introduces you to the roles of managerial finance and major areas of opportunities in managerial finance. Discuss the following questions:· Why is managerial finance important in health care?· If you were to work in managerial finance, in what role would you be most comfortable, and why? Which would make you the least comfortable, and why?Q.2. Part II: What are your own personal experiences in health care in the United States? Specifically, discuss the context from the patient’s experience. Based on your readings in Unit I, what are the medical, social, and economic characteristics of the patient, and how do they influence the health care system?Q2.Sguide.pdfHCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 1Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I

Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:1. Examine factors that influence health care in specified countries.
1.1 Identify global health diseases.2. Summarize basic factors influencing the use of health services and systems.
2.1 Discuss health system characterizations.Required Unit Resources

Chapter 1: Introduction to Health SystemsChapter 2: Global Health and DiseaseUnit LessonIntroduction

Welcome! Over the next eight units, we will examine the structure of the major health care systems in the
United States in a comparative analysis with other countries, focusing on financing, reimbursement, delivery
systems, and adoption of new technologies. You will study the relative roles of private sector and public
sector insurance and providers; the effect of system design on cost, quality, efficiency, access to primary and
specialty care; and equity of medical services.

In the United States, it is difficult for most Americans to comprehend being denied access to medical care.
When we are sick, we want to see a physician, promptly receive a diagnosis, and get the necessary treatment
that will restore us to our previous level of health. The concept of waiting for several days to see a physician
or not receiving the care we believe we need seems barbaric at best. Yet, people all over the world face this
reality every day, and the possibility of that happening in the United States is more real today than any time
since the reorganization of medicine in the 1930s following the Great Depression.

Lovett-Scott and Prather (2014) define true access as more than health care services being made available.
They include three additional qualifications: 1) being able to get to and from services (transportation), 2)
having the ability to pay for the services, and 3) getting your needs met by the service. This definition builds
on your previous learning and is appropriate for most any health care setting. Most health care administrators
spend a large portion of their day determining access to care and problem-solving issues and obstacles to
receiving adequate health care. One place where this is pivotal is in the appointment line. This is where
patients call to schedule an appointment. Although we would like to provide everyone an appointment within
24 hours of their request, it is virtually impossible in most settings.

This first unit focuses on an introduction to health systems and global health to help you build a strong
foundation for future units that will compare health care systems on a global scale. You will also learn about
variations in health systems, social determinants, Healthy People 2020, challenges that health care systems
face, the burden of disease, and noncommunicable and infectious diseases. Let’s first start with identifying
some key terms that you will be learning in a health context.Key Terms in a Health ContextUNIT I STUDY GUIDEIntroduction to Health Systems and
Global HealthHCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 2UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitleHealth The condition of being sound in body, mind, or spiritSystem Interdependent group of items forming a unified wholeInputs Information fed into a data processing system or computerDisease
• A condition of the living animal or plant body with impairment of normal functioning• Manifested by distinguishing symptomsCommunicable
disease• Examples include cholera, hepatitis, influenza, malaria, or measles• Transmissible by contact with infected people or their bodily fluids, such as
respiratory droplets, semen, or blood• Transmissible by contact with contaminated surfaces or objects• Transmissible by ingestion of contaminated food or water• Transmissible by direct or indirect contact with disease vectors such as mosquitoes,
fleas, or miceInfectious
disease• Examples include influenza, malaria, meningitis, rabies, or tetanus.• Caused by the entrance into the body of pathogenic agents or microorganisms such
as bacteria, viruses, protozoans, or fungi• The agents or microorganisms grow and multiply therePublic Health
• The art and science of dealing with the protection and improvement of communityhealth by organized community effort• Included preventive medicine and sanitary and social science(Adapted from Merriam-Webster, n.d.)Health Systems

According to Johnson et al. (2018), a health system is all the health care institutions and resources, who aim
to improve health. The characteristics of a health care system include:• A structure that is defined by its parts and processes.• Generalizations of reality.• A tendency to function in the same way, involving the inputs (materials, human resources, finances,
etc.) and outputs (products and services) that are then processed, causing them to change in some
way.• A system’s various parts, which have functional as well as structural relationships. (Johnson et al.,
2018, p. 3)Patients are the inputs to any health system. A patient arrives at a health care organization and presents with
symptoms and injuries. Further, health systems arise from a social, political, economic, and cultural content.
There are considerable differences in scope, size, form, structure, outcomes, and processes.

Health care systems work on disease prevention and primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment (Johnson et
al., 2018). In order to understand health systems globally, one needs to understand the environment
described by Johnson et al. (2018) in the seven terms below:• Social and culture beliefs and behaviors• Physical environment• Political climate• Design for financing health care and the distribution of health resources• Economic development• Social structures• Types of diseases (p. 21)HCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 3UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitleHealth systems have some common elements that allow them to function. They are made of several building
blocks that help us understand these systems and outline opportunities for improvement. These critical
success factors are identified in the image below:HCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 4UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitleOne way that these factors are measured is through the lens of cost, quality, access, and innovation.Burden of Disease

There are many ways to measure disease. Disease can be measured by prevalence, incidence, disease-
specific mortality, case fatality rate, or mortality rate (Johnson et al., 2018). When discussing the burden of
disease there are a few ways in which it is reported as well, and they are:• Disability-adjusted life years• Quality-adjusted life years• Health expectancy• Healthy life years• Application of cost-benefit analysesNoncommunicable Disease

Noncommunicable disease accounts for about 70% (about 41 million) lives annually (UNICEF, n.d.). The risk
factors for noncommunicable disease are frequently preventable through the correct health interventions
throughout life (UNICEF, n.d.). According to UNICEF (n.d.), the main risk factors include:• tobacco use,• unhealthy diet,• harmful use of alcohol,• air pollution, and• physical inactivity.

The main types of noncommunicable disease include (UNICEF, n.d.):• cardiovascular disease,• diabetes,• preventable cancers,• chronic respiratory diseases,HCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 5UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitle• mental health conditions, and• injuries.According to Johnson et al. (2018), these are the 10 leading causes of death:Infectious Disease

Infectious diseases enter the body by microorganisms like viruses, bacteria, fungi, or protozoa. They can be
vector-borne or waterborne diseases, respiratory diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, or zoonotic
infections. Below is a chart explaining these diseases and infections.Vector-borne diseases• They have existed for thousands of years• Hosts of vector-borne diseases include fleas, ticks, or mosquitos.• They are spread by bite from vector• They are classified by the type of pathogen• Vector-borne infectious diseases include malaria, dengue fever, and zika virus.Waterborne diseases• The United States has one of the safest supplies of drinking water globally.• Around 7.2 million Americans get sick annually from waterborne diseases
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC],n.d.).• Examples of waterborne diseases include diarrheal disease and cholera.Respiratory infections• Respiratory infections include tuberculosis, influenza, and COVID-19.• There are two categories of respiratory infections: upper and lower.• Examples of lower respiratory infections include bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and
pneumonia.• Most lower respiratory infections are caused by bacteria or a virus.• Examples of upper respiratory infections include the common cold, sinusitis,
pharyngitis, epiglottitis and laryngotracheitis.• Most upper respiratory infections are caused by a virus (Dasaraju & Liu, 1996).HCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 6UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitleSexually transmitted
diseases• They are usually contracted by sexual contact• They can be spread from person to person through semen, blood, or other bodily
fluids (Mayo Clinic, n.d.)• Organisms that cause sexually transmitted diseases include bacteria, viruses, or
parasites.• Examples of sexually transmitted diseases include HIV/AIDS and syphilis.Zoonotic infections• They are transmitted under natural conditions from vertebrate animals to humans.• They are common in the United States and globally (CDC, n.d.).• They may be caused by harmful organisms like bacterial, viruses, parasites, and
fungi.• The harmful organisms may cause different types of illness in animals and people.• Sometimes, animals appear healthy while still carrying the infections that can
make people sick.• Examples of zoonotic infections include salmonella, hantavirus disease,
hemorrhagic disease like avian influenza, or Ebola virus.Challenges of Infectious DiseaseThere are several challenges that affect the future of infectious disease. They include:• Climate change: These impacts countries globally. For example, a flood can increase water levels
and the breeding area for disease vectors.• Violence and war: This uses valuable resources.• Population migration: Populations coming together introduce new disease. For example, migrants
living in close quarters.• Rapid global communication and transportation and globalization: Because of rapid transportation,
infectious disease has spread worldwide. For examples, Ebola, Zika, and West Nile virus all spread to
the United States from other countries.• Declining infrastructure and poverty: Poorer people who live in poverty globally experience lower
health status than wealthier counterparts. When removed from poverty, a person’s health status
improves.• Antibiotic resistance and viral and bacterial mutations: Drug-resistant agents are rising. For example,
there are antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Viruses are mutating into new strains. For example, coronavirus
(Delta, Lambda, Omicron, etc.)• Lack of infrastructure: Globally, many countries lack the infrastructure necessary to decrease
infectious diseases.Conclusion

Again, welcome to Comparative Health Systems! This unit provided a foundation for the course with an
introduction to health systems and noncommunicable and infectious diseases. To learn more about these
topics, please consult your textbook.

Now that you have completed the readings and study guide, it is time to venture to this week’s assignments.References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Zoonotic disease. U.S. Department of Health and HumanServices. https://www.cdc.gov/onehealth/basics/zoonotic-diseases.html

Dasaraju, P. V., & Liu, C. (1996). Infections of the respiratory system. In S. Baron (Ed.), Medical microbiology(4th ed.). University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8142/HCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 7UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitleJohnson, J. A., Stoskopf, C. H., & Shi, L. (Eds.). (2018). Comparative health systems: A global perspective
(2nd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781284145038Lovett-Scott, M., & Prather, F. (2014). Global health systems: Comparing strategies for delivering healthservices. Jones & Bartlett Learning. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781284088854

Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/symptoms-causes/syc-20351240

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Retrieved September 13, 2021, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/

UNICEF. (n.d.). Non-communicable diseases. https://www.unicef.org/health/non-communicable-diseasesCourse Learning Outcomes for Unit IRequired Unit ResourcesUnit LessonIntroductionKey Terms in a Health ContextHealth SystemsBurden of DiseaseNoncommunicable DiseaseInfectious DiseaseChallenges of Infectious DiseaseConclusionReferencesQ2.Sguide.pdfHCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 1Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I

Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:1. Examine factors that influence health care in specified countries.
1.1 Identify global health diseases.2. Summarize basic factors influencing the use of health services and systems.
2.1 Discuss health system characterizations.Required Unit Resources

Chapter 1: Introduction to Health SystemsChapter 2: Global Health and DiseaseUnit LessonIntroduction

Welcome! Over the next eight units, we will examine the structure of the major health care systems in the
United States in a comparative analysis with other countries, focusing on financing, reimbursement, delivery
systems, and adoption of new technologies. You will study the relative roles of private sector and public
sector insurance and providers; the effect of system design on cost, quality, efficiency, access to primary and
specialty care; and equity of medical services.

In the United States, it is difficult for most Americans to comprehend being denied access to medical care.
When we are sick, we want to see a physician, promptly receive a diagnosis, and get the necessary treatment
that will restore us to our previous level of health. The concept of waiting for several days to see a physician
or not receiving the care we believe we need seems barbaric at best. Yet, people all over the world face this
reality every day, and the possibility of that happening in the United States is more real today than any time
since the reorganization of medicine in the 1930s following the Great Depression.

Lovett-Scott and Prather (2014) define true access as more than health care services being made available.
They include three additional qualifications: 1) being able to get to and from services (transportation), 2)
having the ability to pay for the services, and 3) getting your needs met by the service. This definition builds
on your previous learning and is appropriate for most any health care setting. Most health care administrators
spend a large portion of their day determining access to care and problem-solving issues and obstacles to
receiving adequate health care. One place where this is pivotal is in the appointment line. This is where
patients call to schedule an appointment. Although we would like to provide everyone an appointment within
24 hours of their request, it is virtually impossible in most settings.

This first unit focuses on an introduction to health systems and global health to help you build a strong
foundation for future units that will compare health care systems on a global scale. You will also learn about
variations in health systems, social determinants, Healthy People 2020, challenges that health care systems
face, the burden of disease, and noncommunicable and infectious diseases. Let’s first start with identifying
some key terms that you will be learning in a health context.Key Terms in a Health ContextUNIT I STUDY GUIDEIntroduction to Health Systems and
Global HealthHCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 2UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitleHealth The condition of being sound in body, mind, or spiritSystem Interdependent group of items forming a unified wholeInputs Information fed into a data processing system or computerDisease
• A condition of the living animal or plant body with impairment of normal functioning• Manifested by distinguishing symptomsCommunicable
disease• Examples include cholera, hepatitis, influenza, malaria, or measles• Transmissible by contact with infected people or their bodily fluids, such as
respiratory droplets, semen, or blood• Transmissible by contact with contaminated surfaces or objects• Transmissible by ingestion of contaminated food or water• Transmissible by direct or indirect contact with disease vectors such as mosquitoes,
fleas, or miceInfectious
disease• Examples include influenza, malaria, meningitis, rabies, or tetanus.• Caused by the entrance into the body of pathogenic agents or microorganisms such
as bacteria, viruses, protozoans, or fungi• The agents or microorganisms grow and multiply therePublic Health
• The art and science of dealing with the protection and improvement of communityhealth by organized community effort• Included preventive medicine and sanitary and social science(Adapted from Merriam-Webster, n.d.)Health Systems

According to Johnson et al. (2018), a health system is all the health care institutions and resources, who aim
to improve health. The characteristics of a health care system include:• A structure that is defined by its parts and processes.• Generalizations of reality.• A tendency to function in the same way, involving the inputs (materials, human resources, finances,
etc.) and outputs (products and services) that are then processed, causing them to change in some
way.• A system’s various parts, which have functional as well as structural relationships. (Johnson et al.,
2018, p. 3)Patients are the inputs to any health system. A patient arrives at a health care organization and presents with
symptoms and injuries. Further, health systems arise from a social, political, economic, and cultural content.
There are considerable differences in scope, size, form, structure, outcomes, and processes.

Health care systems work on disease prevention and primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment (Johnson et
al., 2018). In order to understand health systems globally, one needs to understand the environment
described by Johnson et al. (2018) in the seven terms below:• Social and culture beliefs and behaviors• Physical environment• Political climate• Design for financing health care and the distribution of health resources• Economic development• Social structures• Types of diseases (p. 21)HCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 3UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitleHealth systems have some common elements that allow them to function. They are made of several building
blocks that help us understand these systems and outline opportunities for improvement. These critical
success factors are identified in the image below:HCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 4UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitleOne way that these factors are measured is through the lens of cost, quality, access, and innovation.Burden of Disease

There are many ways to measure disease. Disease can be measured by prevalence, incidence, disease-
specific mortality, case fatality rate, or mortality rate (Johnson et al., 2018). When discussing the burden of
disease there are a few ways in which it is reported as well, and they are:• Disability-adjusted life years• Quality-adjusted life years• Health expectancy• Healthy life years• Application of cost-benefit analysesNoncommunicable Disease

Noncommunicable disease accounts for about 70% (about 41 million) lives annually (UNICEF, n.d.). The risk
factors for noncommunicable disease are frequently preventable through the correct health interventions
throughout life (UNICEF, n.d.). According to UNICEF (n.d.), the main risk factors include:• tobacco use,• unhealthy diet,• harmful use of alcohol,• air pollution, and• physical inactivity.

The main types of noncommunicable disease include (UNICEF, n.d.):• cardiovascular disease,• diabetes,• preventable cancers,• chronic respiratory diseases,HCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 5UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitle• mental health conditions, and• injuries.According to Johnson et al. (2018), these are the 10 leading causes of death:Infectious Disease

Infectious diseases enter the body by microorganisms like viruses, bacteria, fungi, or protozoa. They can be
vector-borne or waterborne diseases, respiratory diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, or zoonotic
infections. Below is a chart explaining these diseases and infections.Vector-borne diseases• They have existed for thousands of years• Hosts of vector-borne diseases include fleas, ticks, or mosquitos.• They are spread by bite from vector• They are classified by the type of pathogen• Vector-borne infectious diseases include malaria, dengue fever, and zika virus.Waterborne diseases• The United States has one of the safest supplies of drinking water globally.• Around 7.2 million Americans get sick annually from waterborne diseases
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC],n.d.).• Examples of waterborne diseases include diarrheal disease and cholera.Respiratory infections• Respiratory infections include tuberculosis, influenza, and COVID-19.• There are two categories of respiratory infections: upper and lower.• Examples of lower respiratory infections include bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and
pneumonia.• Most lower respiratory infections are caused by bacteria or a virus.• Examples of upper respiratory infections include the common cold, sinusitis,
pharyngitis, epiglottitis and laryngotracheitis.• Most upper respiratory infections are caused by a virus (Dasaraju & Liu, 1996).HCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 6UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitleSexually transmitted
diseases• They are usually contracted by sexual contact• They can be spread from person to person through semen, blood, or other bodily
fluids (Mayo Clinic, n.d.)• Organisms that cause sexually transmitted diseases include bacteria, viruses, or
parasites.• Examples of sexually transmitted diseases include HIV/AIDS and syphilis.Zoonotic infections• They are transmitted under natural conditions from vertebrate animals to humans.• They are common in the United States and globally (CDC, n.d.).• They may be caused by harmful organisms like bacterial, viruses, parasites, and
fungi.• The harmful organisms may cause different types of illness in animals and people.• Sometimes, animals appear healthy while still carrying the infections that can
make people sick.• Examples of zoonotic infections include salmonella, hantavirus disease,
hemorrhagic disease like avian influenza, or Ebola virus.Challenges of Infectious DiseaseThere are several challenges that affect the future of infectious disease. They include:• Climate change: These impacts countries globally. For example, a flood can increase water levels
and the breeding area for disease vectors.• Violence and war: This uses valuable resources.• Population migration: Populations coming together introduce new disease. For example, migrants
living in close quarters.• Rapid global communication and transportation and globalization: Because of rapid transportation,
infectious disease has spread worldwide. For examples, Ebola, Zika, and West Nile virus all spread to
the United States from other countries.• Declining infrastructure and poverty: Poorer people who live in poverty globally experience lower
health status than wealthier counterparts. When removed from poverty, a person’s health status
improves.• Antibiotic resistance and viral and bacterial mutations: Drug-resistant agents are rising. For example,
there are antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Viruses are mutating into new strains. For example, coronavirus
(Delta, Lambda, Omicron, etc.)• Lack of infrastructure: Globally, many countries lack the infrastructure necessary to decrease
infectious diseases.Conclusion

Again, welcome to Comparative Health Systems! This unit provided a foundation for the course with an
introduction to health systems and noncommunicable and infectious diseases. To learn more about these
topics, please consult your textbook.

Now that you have completed the readings and study guide, it is time to venture to this week’s assignments.References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Zoonotic disease. U.S. Department of Health and HumanServices. https://www.cdc.gov/onehealth/basics/zoonotic-diseases.html

Dasaraju, P. V., & Liu, C. (1996). Infections of the respiratory system. In S. Baron (Ed.), Medical microbiology(4th ed.). University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8142/HCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 7UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitleJohnson, J. A., Stoskopf, C. H., & Shi, L. (Eds.). (2018). Comparative health systems: A global perspective
(2nd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781284145038Lovett-Scott, M., & Prather, F. (2014). Global health systems: Comparing strategies for delivering healthservices. Jones & Bartlett Learning. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781284088854

Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/symptoms-causes/syc-20351240

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Retrieved September 13, 2021, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/

UNICEF. (n.d.). Non-communicable diseases. https://www.unicef.org/health/non-communicable-diseasesCourse Learning Outcomes for Unit IRequired Unit ResourcesUnit LessonIntroductionKey Terms in a Health ContextHealth SystemsBurden of DiseaseNoncommunicable DiseaseInfectious DiseaseChallenges of Infectious DiseaseConclusionReferencesMix12.docxQ1. Part II: Unit I introduces you to the roles of managerial finance and major areas of opportunities in managerial finance. Discuss the following questions:· Why is managerial finance important in health care?· If you were to work in managerial finance, in what role would you be most comfortable, and why? Which would make you the least comfortable, and why?Q.2. Part II: What are your own personal experiences in health care in the United States? Specifically, discuss the context from the patient’s experience. Based on your readings in Unit I, what are the medical, social, and economic characteristics of the patient, and how do they influence the health care system?Q2.Sguide.pdfHCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 1Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I

Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:1. Examine factors that influence health care in specified countries.
1.1 Identify global health diseases.2. Summarize basic factors influencing the use of health services and systems.
2.1 Discuss health system characterizations.Required Unit Resources

Chapter 1: Introduction to Health SystemsChapter 2: Global Health and DiseaseUnit LessonIntroduction

Welcome! Over the next eight units, we will examine the structure of the major health care systems in the
United States in a comparative analysis with other countries, focusing on financing, reimbursement, delivery
systems, and adoption of new technologies. You will study the relative roles of private sector and public
sector insurance and providers; the effect of system design on cost, quality, efficiency, access to primary and
specialty care; and equity of medical services.

In the United States, it is difficult for most Americans to comprehend being denied access to medical care.
When we are sick, we want to see a physician, promptly receive a diagnosis, and get the necessary treatment
that will restore us to our previous level of health. The concept of waiting for several days to see a physician
or not receiving the care we believe we need seems barbaric at best. Yet, people all over the world face this
reality every day, and the possibility of that happening in the United States is more real today than any time
since the reorganization of medicine in the 1930s following the Great Depression.

Lovett-Scott and Prather (2014) define true access as more than health care services being made available.
They include three additional qualifications: 1) being able to get to and from services (transportation), 2)
having the ability to pay for the services, and 3) getting your needs met by the service. This definition builds
on your previous learning and is appropriate for most any health care setting. Most health care administrators
spend a large portion of their day determining access to care and problem-solving issues and obstacles to
receiving adequate health care. One place where this is pivotal is in the appointment line. This is where
patients call to schedule an appointment. Although we would like to provide everyone an appointment within
24 hours of their request, it is virtually impossible in most settings.

This first unit focuses on an introduction to health systems and global health to help you build a strong
foundation for future units that will compare health care systems on a global scale. You will also learn about
variations in health systems, social determinants, Healthy People 2020, challenges that health care systems
face, the burden of disease, and noncommunicable and infectious diseases. Let’s first start with identifying
some key terms that you will be learning in a health context.Key Terms in a Health ContextUNIT I STUDY GUIDEIntroduction to Health Systems and
Global HealthHCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 2UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitleHealth The condition of being sound in body, mind, or spiritSystem Interdependent group of items forming a unified wholeInputs Information fed into a data processing system or computerDisease
• A condition of the living animal or plant body with impairment of normal functioning• Manifested by distinguishing symptomsCommunicable
disease• Examples include cholera, hepatitis, influenza, malaria, or measles• Transmissible by contact with infected people or their bodily fluids, such as
respiratory droplets, semen, or blood• Transmissible by contact with contaminated surfaces or objects• Transmissible by ingestion of contaminated food or water• Transmissible by direct or indirect contact with disease vectors such as mosquitoes,
fleas, or miceInfectious
disease• Examples include influenza, malaria, meningitis, rabies, or tetanus.• Caused by the entrance into the body of pathogenic agents or microorganisms such
as bacteria, viruses, protozoans, or fungi• The agents or microorganisms grow and multiply therePublic Health
• The art and science of dealing with the protection and improvement of communityhealth by organized community effort• Included preventive medicine and sanitary and social science(Adapted from Merriam-Webster, n.d.)Health Systems

According to Johnson et al. (2018), a health system is all the health care institutions and resources, who aim
to improve health. The characteristics of a health care system include:• A structure that is defined by its parts and processes.• Generalizations of reality.• A tendency to function in the same way, involving the inputs (materials, human resources, finances,
etc.) and outputs (products and services) that are then processed, causing them to change in some
way.• A system’s various parts, which have functional as well as structural relationships. (Johnson et al.,
2018, p. 3)Patients are the inputs to any health system. A patient arrives at a health care organization and presents with
symptoms and injuries. Further, health systems arise from a social, political, economic, and cultural content.
There are considerable differences in scope, size, form, structure, outcomes, and processes.

Health care systems work on disease prevention and primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment (Johnson et
al., 2018). In order to understand health systems globally, one needs to understand the environment
described by Johnson et al. (2018) in the seven terms below:• Social and culture beliefs and behaviors• Physical environment• Political climate• Design for financing health care and the distribution of health resources• Economic development• Social structures• Types of diseases (p. 21)HCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 3UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitleHealth systems have some common elements that allow them to function. They are made of several building
blocks that help us understand these systems and outline opportunities for improvement. These critical
success factors are identified in the image below:HCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 4UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitleOne way that these factors are measured is through the lens of cost, quality, access, and innovation.Burden of Disease

There are many ways to measure disease. Disease can be measured by prevalence, incidence, disease-
specific mortality, case fatality rate, or mortality rate (Johnson et al., 2018). When discussing the burden of
disease there are a few ways in which it is reported as well, and they are:• Disability-adjusted life years• Quality-adjusted life years• Health expectancy• Healthy life years• Application of cost-benefit analysesNoncommunicable Disease

Noncommunicable disease accounts for about 70% (about 41 million) lives annually (UNICEF, n.d.). The risk
factors for noncommunicable disease are frequently preventable through the correct health interventions
throughout life (UNICEF, n.d.). According to UNICEF (n.d.), the main risk factors include:• tobacco use,• unhealthy diet,• harmful use of alcohol,• air pollution, and• physical inactivity.

The main types of noncommunicable disease include (UNICEF, n.d.):• cardiovascular disease,• diabetes,• preventable cancers,• chronic respiratory diseases,HCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 5UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitle• mental health conditions, and• injuries.According to Johnson et al. (2018), these are the 10 leading causes of death:Infectious Disease

Infectious diseases enter the body by microorganisms like viruses, bacteria, fungi, or protozoa. They can be
vector-borne or waterborne diseases, respiratory diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, or zoonotic
infections. Below is a chart explaining these diseases and infections.Vector-borne diseases• They have existed for thousands of years• Hosts of vector-borne diseases include fleas, ticks, or mosquitos.• They are spread by bite from vector• They are classified by the type of pathogen• Vector-borne infectious diseases include malaria, dengue fever, and zika virus.Waterborne diseases• The United States has one of the safest supplies of drinking water globally.• Around 7.2 million Americans get sick annually from waterborne diseases
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC],n.d.).• Examples of waterborne diseases include diarrheal disease and cholera.Respiratory infections• Respiratory infections include tuberculosis, influenza, and COVID-19.• There are two categories of respiratory infections: upper and lower.• Examples of lower respiratory infections include bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and
pneumonia.• Most lower respiratory infections are caused by bacteria or a virus.• Examples of upper respiratory infections include the common cold, sinusitis,
pharyngitis, epiglottitis and laryngotracheitis.• Most upper respiratory infections are caused by a virus (Dasaraju & Liu, 1996).HCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 6UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitleSexually transmitted
diseases• They are usually contracted by sexual contact• They can be spread from person to person through semen, blood, or other bodily
fluids (Mayo Clinic, n.d.)• Organisms that cause sexually transmitted diseases include bacteria, viruses, or
parasites.• Examples of sexually transmitted diseases include HIV/AIDS and syphilis.Zoonotic infections• They are transmitted under natural conditions from vertebrate animals to humans.• They are common in the United States and globally (CDC, n.d.).• They may be caused by harmful organisms like bacterial, viruses, parasites, and
fungi.• The harmful organisms may cause different types of illness in animals and people.• Sometimes, animals appear healthy while still carrying the infections that can
make people sick.• Examples of zoonotic infections include salmonella, hantavirus disease,
hemorrhagic disease like avian influenza, or Ebola virus.Challenges of Infectious DiseaseThere are several challenges that affect the future of infectious disease. They include:• Climate change: These impacts countries globally. For example, a flood can increase water levels
and the breeding area for disease vectors.• Violence and war: This uses valuable resources.• Population migration: Populations coming together introduce new disease. For example, migrants
living in close quarters.• Rapid global communication and transportation and globalization: Because of rapid transportation,
infectious disease has spread worldwide. For examples, Ebola, Zika, and West Nile virus all spread to
the United States from other countries.• Declining infrastructure and poverty: Poorer people who live in poverty globally experience lower
health status than wealthier counterparts. When removed from poverty, a person’s health status
improves.• Antibiotic resistance and viral and bacterial mutations: Drug-resistant agents are rising. For example,
there are antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Viruses are mutating into new strains. For example, coronavirus
(Delta, Lambda, Omicron, etc.)• Lack of infrastructure: Globally, many countries lack the infrastructure necessary to decrease
infectious diseases.Conclusion

Again, welcome to Comparative Health Systems! This unit provided a foundation for the course with an
introduction to health systems and noncommunicable and infectious diseases. To learn more about these
topics, please consult your textbook.

Now that you have completed the readings and study guide, it is time to venture to this week’s assignments.References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Zoonotic disease. U.S. Department of Health and HumanServices. https://www.cdc.gov/onehealth/basics/zoonotic-diseases.html

Dasaraju, P. V., & Liu, C. (1996). Infections of the respiratory system. In S. Baron (Ed.), Medical microbiology(4th ed.). University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8142/HCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 7UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitleJohnson, J. A., Stoskopf, C. H., & Shi, L. (Eds.). (2018). Comparative health systems: A global perspective
(2nd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781284145038Lovett-Scott, M., & Prather, F. (2014). Global health systems: Comparing strategies for delivering healthservices. Jones & Bartlett Learning. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781284088854

Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/symptoms-causes/syc-20351240

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Retrieved September 13, 2021, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/

UNICEF. (n.d.). Non-communicable diseases. https://www.unicef.org/health/non-communicable-diseasesCourse Learning Outcomes for Unit IRequired Unit ResourcesUnit LessonIntroductionKey Terms in a Health ContextHealth SystemsBurden of DiseaseNoncommunicable DiseaseInfectious DiseaseChallenges of Infectious DiseaseConclusionReferencesMix12.docxQ1. Part II: Unit I introduces you to the roles of managerial finance and major areas of opportunities in managerial finance. Discuss the following questions:· Why is managerial finance important in health care?· If you were to work in managerial finance, in what role would you be most comfortable, and why? Which would make you the least comfortable, and why?Q.2. Part II: What are your own personal experiences in health care in the United States? Specifically, discuss the context from the patient’s experience. Based on your readings in Unit I, what are the medical, social, and economic characteristics of the patient, and how do they influence the health care system?Q2.Sguide.pdfHCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 1Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I

Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:1. Examine factors that influence health care in specified countries.
1.1 Identify global health diseases.2. Summarize basic factors influencing the use of health services and systems.
2.1 Discuss health system characterizations.Required Unit Resources

Chapter 1: Introduction to Health SystemsChapter 2: Global Health and DiseaseUnit LessonIntroduction

Welcome! Over the next eight units, we will examine the structure of the major health care systems in the
United States in a comparative analysis with other countries, focusing on financing, reimbursement, delivery
systems, and adoption of new technologies. You will study the relative roles of private sector and public
sector insurance and providers; the effect of system design on cost, quality, efficiency, access to primary and
specialty care; and equity of medical services.

In the United States, it is difficult for most Americans to comprehend being denied access to medical care.
When we are sick, we want to see a physician, promptly receive a diagnosis, and get the necessary treatment
that will restore us to our previous level of health. The concept of waiting for several days to see a physician
or not receiving the care we believe we need seems barbaric at best. Yet, people all over the world face this
reality every day, and the possibility of that happening in the United States is more real today than any time
since the reorganization of medicine in the 1930s following the Great Depression.

Lovett-Scott and Prather (2014) define true access as more than health care services being made available.
They include three additional qualifications: 1) being able to get to and from services (transportation), 2)
having the ability to pay for the services, and 3) getting your needs met by the service. This definition builds
on your previous learning and is appropriate for most any health care setting. Most health care administrators
spend a large portion of their day determining access to care and problem-solving issues and obstacles to
receiving adequate health care. One place where this is pivotal is in the appointment line. This is where
patients call to schedule an appointment. Although we would like to provide everyone an appointment within
24 hours of their request, it is virtually impossible in most settings.

This first unit focuses on an introduction to health systems and global health to help you build a strong
foundation for future units that will compare health care systems on a global scale. You will also learn about
variations in health systems, social determinants, Healthy People 2020, challenges that health care systems
face, the burden of disease, and noncommunicable and infectious diseases. Let’s first start with identifying
some key terms that you will be learning in a health context.Key Terms in a Health ContextUNIT I STUDY GUIDEIntroduction to Health Systems and
Global HealthHCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 2UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitleHealth The condition of being sound in body, mind, or spiritSystem Interdependent group of items forming a unified wholeInputs Information fed into a data processing system or computerDisease
• A condition of the living animal or plant body with impairment of normal functioning• Manifested by distinguishing symptomsCommunicable
disease• Examples include cholera, hepatitis, influenza, malaria, or measles• Transmissible by contact with infected people or their bodily fluids, such as
respiratory droplets, semen, or blood• Transmissible by contact with contaminated surfaces or objects• Transmissible by ingestion of contaminated food or water• Transmissible by direct or indirect contact with disease vectors such as mosquitoes,
fleas, or miceInfectious
disease• Examples include influenza, malaria, meningitis, rabies, or tetanus.• Caused by the entrance into the body of pathogenic agents or microorganisms such
as bacteria, viruses, protozoans, or fungi• The agents or microorganisms grow and multiply therePublic Health
• The art and science of dealing with the protection and improvement of communityhealth by organized community effort• Included preventive medicine and sanitary and social science(Adapted from Merriam-Webster, n.d.)Health Systems

According to Johnson et al. (2018), a health system is all the health care institutions and resources, who aim
to improve health. The characteristics of a health care system include:• A structure that is defined by its parts and processes.• Generalizations of reality.• A tendency to function in the same way, involving the inputs (materials, human resources, finances,
etc.) and outputs (products and services) that are then processed, causing them to change in some
way.• A system’s various parts, which have functional as well as structural relationships. (Johnson et al.,
2018, p. 3)Patients are the inputs to any health system. A patient arrives at a health care organization and presents with
symptoms and injuries. Further, health systems arise from a social, political, economic, and cultural content.
There are considerable differences in scope, size, form, structure, outcomes, and processes.

Health care systems work on disease prevention and primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment (Johnson et
al., 2018). In order to understand health systems globally, one needs to understand the environment
described by Johnson et al. (2018) in the seven terms below:• Social and culture beliefs and behaviors• Physical environment• Political climate• Design for financing health care and the distribution of health resources• Economic development• Social structures• Types of diseases (p. 21)HCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 3UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitleHealth systems have some common elements that allow them to function. They are made of several building
blocks that help us understand these systems and outline opportunities for improvement. These critical
success factors are identified in the image below:HCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 4UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitleOne way that these factors are measured is through the lens of cost, quality, access, and innovation.Burden of Disease

There are many ways to measure disease. Disease can be measured by prevalence, incidence, disease-
specific mortality, case fatality rate, or mortality rate (Johnson et al., 2018). When discussing the burden of
disease there are a few ways in which it is reported as well, and they are:• Disability-adjusted life years• Quality-adjusted life years• Health expectancy• Healthy life years• Application of cost-benefit analysesNoncommunicable Disease

Noncommunicable disease accounts for about 70% (about 41 million) lives annually (UNICEF, n.d.). The risk
factors for noncommunicable disease are frequently preventable through the correct health interventions
throughout life (UNICEF, n.d.). According to UNICEF (n.d.), the main risk factors include:• tobacco use,• unhealthy diet,• harmful use of alcohol,• air pollution, and• physical inactivity.

The main types of noncommunicable disease include (UNICEF, n.d.):• cardiovascular disease,• diabetes,• preventable cancers,• chronic respiratory diseases,HCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 5UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitle• mental health conditions, and• injuries.According to Johnson et al. (2018), these are the 10 leading causes of death:Infectious Disease

Infectious diseases enter the body by microorganisms like viruses, bacteria, fungi, or protozoa. They can be
vector-borne or waterborne diseases, respiratory diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, or zoonotic
infections. Below is a chart explaining these diseases and infections.Vector-borne diseases• They have existed for thousands of years• Hosts of vector-borne diseases include fleas, ticks, or mosquitos.• They are spread by bite from vector• They are classified by the type of pathogen• Vector-borne infectious diseases include malaria, dengue fever, and zika virus.Waterborne diseases• The United States has one of the safest supplies of drinking water globally.• Around 7.2 million Americans get sick annually from waterborne diseases
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC],n.d.).• Examples of waterborne diseases include diarrheal disease and cholera.Respiratory infections• Respiratory infections include tuberculosis, influenza, and COVID-19.• There are two categories of respiratory infections: upper and lower.• Examples of lower respiratory infections include bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and
pneumonia.• Most lower respiratory infections are caused by bacteria or a virus.• Examples of upper respiratory infections include the common cold, sinusitis,
pharyngitis, epiglottitis and laryngotracheitis.• Most upper respiratory infections are caused by a virus (Dasaraju & Liu, 1996).HCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 6UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitleSexually transmitted
diseases• They are usually contracted by sexual contact• They can be spread from person to person through semen, blood, or other bodily
fluids (Mayo Clinic, n.d.)• Organisms that cause sexually transmitted diseases include bacteria, viruses, or
parasites.• Examples of sexually transmitted diseases include HIV/AIDS and syphilis.Zoonotic infections• They are transmitted under natural conditions from vertebrate animals to humans.• They are common in the United States and globally (CDC, n.d.).• They may be caused by harmful organisms like bacterial, viruses, parasites, and
fungi.• The harmful organisms may cause different types of illness in animals and people.• Sometimes, animals appear healthy while still carrying the infections that can
make people sick.• Examples of zoonotic infections include salmonella, hantavirus disease,
hemorrhagic disease like avian influenza, or Ebola virus.Challenges of Infectious DiseaseThere are several challenges that affect the future of infectious disease. They include:• Climate change: These impacts countries globally. For example, a flood can increase water levels
and the breeding area for disease vectors.• Violence and war: This uses valuable resources.• Population migration: Populations coming together introduce new disease. For example, migrants
living in close quarters.• Rapid global communication and transportation and globalization: Because of rapid transportation,
infectious disease has spread worldwide. For examples, Ebola, Zika, and West Nile virus all spread to
the United States from other countries.• Declining infrastructure and poverty: Poorer people who live in poverty globally experience lower
health status than wealthier counterparts. When removed from poverty, a person’s health status
improves.• Antibiotic resistance and viral and bacterial mutations: Drug-resistant agents are rising. For example,
there are antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Viruses are mutating into new strains. For example, coronavirus
(Delta, Lambda, Omicron, etc.)• Lack of infrastructure: Globally, many countries lack the infrastructure necessary to decrease
infectious diseases.Conclusion

Again, welcome to Comparative Health Systems! This unit provided a foundation for the course with an
introduction to health systems and noncommunicable and infectious diseases. To learn more about these
topics, please consult your textbook.

Now that you have completed the readings and study guide, it is time to venture to this week’s assignments.References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Zoonotic disease. U.S. Department of Health and HumanServices. https://www.cdc.gov/onehealth/basics/zoonotic-diseases.html

Dasaraju, P. V., & Liu, C. (1996). Infections of the respiratory system. In S. Baron (Ed.), Medical microbiology(4th ed.). University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8142/HCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 7UNIT x STUDY GUIDETitleJohnson, J. A., Stoskopf, C. H., & Shi, L. (Eds.). (2018). Comparative health systems: A global perspective
(2nd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781284145038Lovett-Scott, M., & Prather, F. (2014). Global health systems: Comparing strategies for delivering healthservices. Jones & Bartlett Learning. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781284088854

Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/symptoms-causes/syc-20351240

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Retrieved September 13, 2021, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/

UNICEF. (n.d.). Non-communicable diseases. https://www.unicef.org/health/non-communicable-diseasesCourse Learning Outcomes for Unit IRequired Unit ResourcesUnit LessonIntroductionKey Terms in a Health ContextHealth SystemsBurden of DiseaseNoncommunicable DiseaseInfectious DiseaseChallenges of Infectious DiseaseConclusionReferences12Bids(41)Prof Double RProf. TOPGRADEfirstclass tutorsherry proffMUSYOKIONES A+Dr ClovergrA+de plusSheryl Hoganpacesetters2121ProWritingGuruDr. Everleigh_JKColeen AndersonIsabella HarvardBrilliant GeekPROF_ALISTERAshley ElliePROFESSOR DAISYPremiumLarry KellyTutor Cyrus KenShow All Bidsother Questions(10)500 word discussion APA formatPaper for World LiteratureBusiness Surveillance5435354345The Hunting GroundManagement HomeworkIntercultural Management – 2 questionsexternal and internal analysis of BiotechDissuasion QuestionChapter summary

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Week 8 Assignment: Personal Philosophy of Teaching Part II

Home>Homework Answsers>Nursing homework helpspellinggrammarAs discussed earlier in this course, your personal teaching philosophy is a work in progress. During week 8, you will revisit and revise your teaching philosophy that you submitted during week 1. As part of this assignment, you should evaluate your original philosophy and include a one-page discussion of how your thoughts and ideas about teaching have changed and developed during this course. Guidelines for revising your teaching philosophy and the one-page discussion are below.Assignment GuidelinesRevised Personal Teaching Philosophy (3–5 pages)Reflect on the teaching principles and practices discussed during the course.What did you learn about teaching that you did not know prior to this course?What stood out as important to you over the past 8 weeks?Consider how you might expand, adapt, or change your original philosophy to your current perspective on teaching (or you may feel compelled to take it in a completely new direction).Your revised teaching philosophy should:Have a clear focus or theme.Be authentic and personal.Relay who you are (or aspire to be) as a teacher.Exhibit genuine enthusiasm for teaching.Clearly express your current teaching values and beliefs, and discuss why you hold those values and beliefs (whether or not they have changed).Describe your current teaching goals (whether or not they have changed).Explain the teaching methods or strategies that you believe are best (whether or not they are different from your original philosophy).Note: make sure the teaching methods you find best are consistent with your goals.Incorporate any new ideas and/or practices that encourage a rich teaching and learning experience.Be 3–5 pages, including the evaluation discussion but excluding title and reference pages; length should suit the context. It should be typed in Times New Roman using 12-point font and double-spaced with 1″ margins.Be well written, using a first person narrative and present tense.Follow APA (6th edition) format.Have no any grammatical, typographical, or spelling errors.Evaluation Discussion of Teaching Philosophy (1 page)As part of this revised teaching philosophy assignment, you should include a discussion evaluating how your personal thoughts and ideas about teaching have changed during this course.After you have revised your personal teaching philosophy, carefully review your original teaching philosophy that you submitted during week 1 of this course.Compare your original philosophy to your revised teaching philosophy and evaluate the following in a one-page written discussion:Have your teaching goals, methods, or strategies changed, and if so, how and why? Have your teaching priorities and/or perspectives changed or shifted, and if so, how and why?Do you value different learning experiences, and if so, what are they and why?Include any additional information that may highlight how your thoughts and ideas have changed or developed during this course.Include references that you found helpful, insightful, or meaningful in the development of your philosophy of teaching.In addition to the course texts, include at least two outside sources from peer-reviewed journals to support your ideas.Your evaluation discussion should:Be one page excluding title and reference pages, typed in Times New Roman using 12-point font, and double-spaced with 1″ margins.Be well written, using a first person narrative and present tense.Follow APA (6th edition) format.Week1AssignmentPersonalPhilosophyofTeachingPartI.docx5 years ago02.05.202020Report issueAnswer(1)Discount Assign4.8(433)4.8(40)ChatPurchase the answer to view itRevisedPersonalTeachingPhilosophy.docx5 years agoplagiarism checkPurchase $2000Bids(84)Guru OliviaTeacher A+ WorkDiscount AssignQuality AssignmentsGrace GradesDr AngelenaAmanda SmithDr. ElahiEARNESTWRITERhassan0906Quickly answerProfRubbswizard kimBridget YoungBrainy BrianDexterMastersAgher EditorPROF washington watsonProCastrol01Emily Clareother Questions(10)For Fungsu Physics Homework2 pagesQuestion for nyamaimule-W7journal Are you included? Personal AnalysisPhysical Development in Early AdulthoodKim WoodsOutline {Binding Contract and Breach of ContractACCT434 Week 7 DQ1 Quality and PerformanceMath homework

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Capstone Change Project Topics

Home>Homework Answsers>Nursing homework helpWork with your preceptor to perform a needs assessment of the organization and community for your practicum. Review the needs assessment to identify possible project topics. In preparation for the capstone change project proposal, compile a list of three to five possible topics for your project, and submit to the assignment instructor in LoudCloud.INDIVIDUALSUCCESSPLANCAPSTONE.docx5 years ago23.05.20203Report issueAnswer(1)DexterMasters4.8(17k+)4.8(2k+)ChatPurchase the answer to view itCapstoneChangeProject.edited.docx5 years agoplagiarism checkPurchase $5Bids(57)MUSYOKIONES A+Amanda SmithProf James KelvinProfRubbsUrgent TutorBrainy BrianDexterMastersProf. Eliud PetersonTutor Cyrus KenTutor Risperbrilliant answersrunge-kutta acerwilly.the.geeksmart-tutorCatherine OwensWendy LewisRESPECT WRITERAngelina Mayprof bradleykim woodsother Questions(10)need helpCommunicating and PromotingDue Sept.11th2 paragraphsBUS 212 Module 2 Assignment 2 Be Careful What You SignTHANKYOUMBA 6111 Module 3 Assignment 1 DiscussionHuman Resource DevelopmentIntegrate the following integral using integration by parts method.BUS 644 Week 6 Final Paper – Space Age Furniture Problem

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