Katharine Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory|2025

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Abstract

The paper gives a systematic assessment of the Katharine Kolcaba’s Comfort theory. The basis of the paper is to understand the theorist, and discuss the main concepts related to it. Above all the aim is to identify the theory’s application to clinical situations in institutional settings and its contribution to nursing research and practice. An overview, and the Comfort theory’s propositions, along with its conceptual definitions will be analyzed and studied. Along with certain research articles, Kolcaba’s Comfort theory’s applications, particularly, technical, coaching and comfort food for the soul will be explored. In addition, this paper provides examples where Nurse Practitioners can use Comfort Theory as a framework to provide holistic care to their patients. It is also noticeable that Katharine Kolcaba’s Comfort theory has been used in several institutions by the administration to develop policies and practices, with the interest of improving patient satisfaction and experience during their encounter within the organization.

 

 

Introduction

Born and educated in Cleveland, Ohio, Katharine Kolcaba, practiced as a nurse on several nursing units for many years. After completing her masters in nursing, and while working on the dementia unit as head nurse, Kolcaba started theorizing about comfort. During her doctoral studies, Kolcaba further developed her comfort theory study and later published a framework for dementia care. Later she added the operationalized comfort as an outcome of care and contextualized comfort in a middle range theory. Subsequently, Kolcaba tested her theory in varied intervention studies, and based on that she polished her theory to include hospital-based outcomes. Katharine Kolcaba has several and extensive publications where she has documented the process of her theory. She also has published a book Comfort Theory and Practice, where she has assembled her series of publications. Kolcaba currently works as a consultant of her own company, The Comfort Line, which advices health-care agencies in application of her Comfort Theory framework if they choose to apply it within their institutions (Smith & Parker, 2015).

 

Overview of the Comfort Theory

Comfort, according to Kolcaba, is an outcome of an intentional, patient/family based and focused quality care (Smith & Parker, 2015). Based on holistic care, Kolcaba developed four contexts in which patients can experience comfort, i.e. physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural and environmental. The three distinct types of comfort that Kolcaba focused were-Relief, Ease, and Transcendence. Relief is a feeling where a specific need that provides comfort is given. Ease is the state of being calm and content. Whereas transcendence relates to a state where patients can rise above their difficulties irrespective of life’s circumstances with the help of caregiver intervention. All the four contexts and the three types of comfort are interrelated and have to be viewed holistically to get favorable outcomes. Health needs are those that the patients cannot meet on their own which sprout from varied stressful conditions. Comfort interventions are all the steps considered to tackle the specific health needs.

 

page2image1575802880 (“Comfort Theory,” n.d.)

 

The practical application of Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory was studied in cardiac patients in two case studies (Krinsky, Murillo, & Johnson, 2014). The comfort needs of cardiac patients were defined based on the four domains of Kolcaba’s Comfort theory and the interventions were outlined accordingly centered on the three comfort types. Quiet time intervention which was introduced to these cardiac patients aligned with the Comfort Theory taxonomy framework. Interventions based on physical, psychospiritual, environmental and socio-cultural domains were implemented in the case studies. Improved outcomes were noted in cardiac patients in terms of ease of pain, enhanced sleep, reduced agitation and anxiety, and enriched emotional support through family involvement.

Another study that was conducted at two dialysis centers to determine the relationships between comfort and fluid retention was based on Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory framework (Estridge, Morris, Kolcaba, & Winkleman, 2018). The study found out some interesting facts based on the theory of comfort. The study turned out to be clinically important as patients who pursued comfort interventions showed a greater trend of engaging in healthy behavior. Another fact pointed out was the different comfort needs based on race, religion, gender and lifestyle varied accordingly. In the study the nurses had to investigate distinctive characteristics and comfort needs to plan nursing care based on the comfort theory framework.

Relevance

Personal Relevance

While working in the dementia unit, Kolcaba started developing her comfort theory in context of patient experience on that unit. It was during her doctoral degree program that she further expanded on her comfort theory framework and its outcomes. She later tested her theory in several interventions as a topic for her dissertation. Kolcaba confesses that it was Emily Dickenson’s poem that made her define her vision for nursing and comfort care theory (“Comfort Theory,” n.d.). The author, even today, utilizes her theory in her regular visits to homeless shelters, different healthcare organizations, and several research studies incorporating her comfort theory.

Relevance to healthcare

Comfort theory has great implications within todays healthcare scenarios. Most patients and family members are in stressful health related situations, comfort theory can be beneficial to such cases when nursing activities are planned in that direction. Nurses in todays world can take guidance from comfort theory to identify their patients and family needs and address them with interventions based within the comfort theory structure. Institutional administrators should value comfort care and implement policies and make strategies that will encourage nurses and other staff to deliver comfort measures to their clients. Kolcaba has developed several scales for documentation that include, verbal rating scale, a numeric diagram, comfort daises for children, a comfort behaviors checklist and many other questioners (Smith & Parker, 2015).

Relevance to research and practice

Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory has been used as a framework in many research studies. Kolcaba herself has participated and guided researchers through many studies that have applied her theory in different setups. Apostolo and Kolcaba’s guided imagery study for decreasing depression, anxiety and stress in psychiatric patients with depression using comfort theory framework, revealed significant improvement in clinical outcomes (Apostolo & Kolcaba, 2009). Taxonomic structure of Comfort developed by Kolcaba was used to design the interventions for the study. This example and many other studies have proved that utilizing Kolcaba’s Comfort theory can help patients have positive impact in their health behaviors and outcomes.

Summary

Strengths

The biggest strength of Kolcaba’s Comfort theory is its ease of use in any nursing setting. The taxonomic structure provided by Kolcaba is clear and easy to understand and thus helpful for nurses to develop their nursing plan of care accordingly. When nurses implement comfort care plans, patient and family satisfaction improves, thereby engaging them in health seeking behaviors. The comfort theory framework developed by Kolcaba is holistic in nature, thus helping improvise overall patient care. Several health institutions and hospitals are actively implementing comfort theory-based care in hope of improving their HCAHPS scores.

 

 

Limitations

Although widely used in hospitals and for research purposes, Kolcaba’s theory has few limitations. Most of the times outcomes are subjective, hence limiting generalizability. Another limitation is the requirement of modification of framework when using in different nursing areas. Comfort theory framework is mostly used in nursing related areas; hence its use is limited to the staff who are educated about it and based on their scope of practice. Kolcaba’s comfort theory is good to be used to define comfort care of patients and families, but it’s difficult to agree whether it can be applicable in all healthcare settings. The topic of comfort is subjective, hence depending on varied patient-nurse ratios it may be difficult and stressful for nurses to implement total comfort-based care.

 

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Week 3 Discussion Advance Practice|2025

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Apply information from the Aquifer Case Study to answer the following discussion questions:

  • Discuss the Mr. Rodriquez’s history that would be pertinent to his gastrointestinal problem. Include chief complaint, HPI, Social, Family and Past medical history that would be important to know.
  • Describe the physical exam and diagnostic tools to be used for Mr. Rodriguez. Are there any additional you would have liked to be included that were not?
  • Please list 3 differential diagnoses for Mr. Rodriguez and explain why you chose them.  What was your final diagnosis and how did you make the determination?
  • What plan of care will Mr. Rodriquez be given at this visit, include drug therapy and treatments; what is the patient education and follow-up?

Do 2 pages

Provide references.

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Case study on Peripheral Vascular Disease|2025

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Peripheral Vascular Disease

Case Studies

A 52-year-old man complained of pain and cramping in his right calf caused by walking two blocks. The pain was relieved with cessation of activity. The pain had been increasing in frequency and intensity. Physical examination findings were essentially normal except for decreased hair on the right leg. The patient’s popliteal, dorsalis pedis, and posterior tibial pulses were markedly decreased compared with those of his left leg.

Studies Results
Routine laboratory work Within normal limits (WNL)
Doppler ultrasound systolic pressures Femoral: 130 mm Hg; popliteal: 90 mm Hg; posterior tibial: 88 mm Hg; dorsalis pedis: 88 mm Hg (normal: same as brachial systolic blood pressure)
Arterial plethysmography Decreased amplitude of distal femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, and posterior tibial pulse waves
Femoral arteriography of right leg Obstruction of the femoral artery at the midthigh level
Arterial duplex scan Apparent arterial obstruction in the superficial femoral artery

Diagnostic Analysis

With the clinical picture of classic intermittent claudication, the noninvasive Doppler and plethysmographic arterial vascular study merely documented the presence and location of the arterial occlusion in the proximal femoral artery. Most vascular surgeons prefer arteriography to document the location of the vascular occlusion. The patient underwent a bypass from the proximal femoral artery to the popliteal artery. After surgery he was asymptomatic.

Critical Thinking Questions

1. What was the cause of this patient’s pain and cramping?

2. Why was there decreased hair on the patient’s right leg?

3. What would be the strategic physical assessments after surgery to determine the adequacy of the patient’s circulation?

4. What would be the treatment of intermittent Claudication for non-occlusion?

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Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination|2025

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Select a community organization or group that you feel would be interested in learning about ethical and policy issues that affect the coordination of care. Then, develop and record a 10-12-slide, 20-minute presentation, with audio, intended for that audience. Create a detailed narrative script for your presentation, 4-5 pages in length.

As coordinators of care, nurses must be aware of the code of ethics for nurses and health policy issues that affect the coordination of care within the context of the community. To help patients navigate the continuum of care, nurses must be proficient at interpreting and applying the code of ethics for nurses and health policy, specifically, the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Being knowledgeable about ethical and policy issues helps ensure that care coordinators are upholding ethical standards and navigating policy issues that affect patient care.

This assessment provides an opportunity for you to develop a presentation for a local community organization of your choice, which provides an overview of ethical standards and relevant policy issues that affect the coordination of care. Completing this assessment will strengthen your understanding of ethical issues and policies related to the coordination and continuum of care, and will empower you to be a stronger advocate and nursing professional.

It would be an excellent choice to complete the Vila Health: Ethical Decision Making activity prior to developing the presentation. The activity provides a helpful update on the ethical principles that will help with success in this assessment.

Demonstration of Proficiency

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:

  • Competency 4: Defend decisions based on the code of ethics for nursing.
    • Assess the impact of the code of ethics for nurses on the coordination and continuum of care.
  • Competency 5: Explain how health care policies affect patient-centered care.
    • Explain how governmental policies related to the health and/or safety of a community affect the coordination of care.
    • Identify national, state, and local policy provisions that raise ethical questions or dilemmas for care coordination.
  • Competency 6: Apply professional, scholarly communication strategies to lead patient-centered care.
    • Communicate key ethical and policy issues in a presentation affecting the coordination and continuum of care for a selected community organization or support group. Either speaker notes or audio voice-over are included.

Preparation

Your nurse manager at the community care center is well connected and frequently speaks to a variety of community organizations and groups. She has noticed the good work you are doing in your new care coordination role and respects your speaking and presentation skills. Consequently, she thought that an opportunity to speak publicly about contemporary issues in care coordination would be beneficial for your career and has suggested reaching out to a community organization or support group to gauge their interest in hearing from you, as a care center representative, on a topic of interest to both you and your prospective audience.

You have agreed that this is a good idea and have decided to research a community organization or support group that might be interested in learning about ethical and policy issues related to the coordination of care. Your manager has suggested the following community organizations and support groups, but acknowledges that the choice is yours.

  • Homeless shelters.
  • Local religious groups.
  • Nursing homes.
  • Local community organizations (Rotary Club or Kiwanis Club).

To prepare for this assessment, you may wish to:

  • Research your selected community organization or support group.
  • Review the Code of Ethics for Nurses With Interpretive Statements and associated health policy issues, specifically, the ACA.
  • Review the assessment instructions and scoring guide to ensure you understand the work you will be asked to complete.
  • Allocate sufficient time to rehearse your presentation before recording the final version for submission.

Note: Remember that you can submit all, or a portion of, your draft presentation to Smarthinking Tutoring for feedback, before you submit the final version for this assessment. If you plan on using this free service, be mindful of the turnaround time of 24–48 hours for receiving feedback.

Recording Equipment Setup and Testing

Check that your audio speaker and PowerPoint software are working properly. You can record audio directly to your slides, using PowerPoint or other presentation software.

Note: Technical support about the use of PowerPoint, including voice recording and speaker notes, can be found on Campus’s Microsoft Office Software page.

  • If using Kaltura, refer to the Using Kaltura tutorial for directions on recording and uploading your presentation in the courseroom.

Note: If you require the use of assistive technology or alternative communication methods to participate in this activity, please contact DisabilityServices@capella.edu to request accommodations.

Instructions

For this assessment:

  • Choose the community organization or support group that you plan to address.
  • Develop and record a presentation, with typed speaker notes (the script for your voice recording) and audio voice-over recording, intended for that audience. Video is not required.

Note: PowerPoint has a feature to type the speaker notes directly into the presentation. You are encouraged to use that feature or you may choose to submit a separate document. See Microsoft Office Software for technical support about the use of PowerPoint, including voice recording and speaker notes.

Note: For this assessment, develop your presentation slides and speaker notes, then record your presentation. You are not required to deliver your presentation to an actual audience but you certainly could if you chose to.

Presentation Format and Length

You may use PowerPoint (recommended) or other suitable presentation software to create your slides and add your voiceover. If you elect to use an application other than PowerPoint, check with your faculty to avoid potential file compatibility issues. You can also record your presentation using Kaltura or similar software.

Be sure that your slide deck includes the following slides:

  • Title slide.
    • Presentation title.
    • Your name.
    • Date.
    • Course number and title.
  • References (at the end of your presentation).

Your slide deck should consist of 10–12 slides, not including a title and references slide with typed speaker notes and audio voice over. Your presentation should not exceed 20 minutes.

Create a detailed narrative script for your presentation, approximately 4–5 pages in length.

Supporting Evidence

Cite 3–5 credible sources from peer-reviewed journals or professional industry publications to support your presentation. Include your source citations on a references page appended to your narrative script.

Grading Requirements

The requirements outlined below correspond to the grading criteria in the Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination Scoring Guide, so be sure to address each point. Read the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed.

  • Explain how governmental policies related to the health and/or safety of the community affect the coordination of care.
    • Provide examples of a specific policy affecting the organization or group.
    • Refer to the assessment resources for help in locating relevant policies.
    • Be sure influential policies include the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA).
  • Identify national, state, and local policy provisions that raise ethical questions or dilemmas for care coordination.
    • What are the implications and consequences of specific policy provisions?
    • What evidence do you have to support your conclusions?
  • Assess the impact of the code of ethics for nurses on the coordination and continuum of care.
    • Consider the factors that contribute to health, health disparities, and access to services.
    • Consider the social determinants of health identified in Healthy People 2020 as a framework for your assessment.
    • Provide evidence to support your conclusions.
  • Communicate key ethical and policy issues in a presentation affecting the coordination and continuum of care for a selected community organization or support group. Either speaker notes or audio voice-over are included.
    • Present a concise overview.
    • Support your main points and conclusions with relevant and credible evidence.
Additional Requirements

Before submitting your assessment, proofread your presentation slides and speaker notes to minimize errors that could distract readers and make it more difficult for them to focus on the substance of your presentation.

Scoring Rubric.

1.  Explain how governmental policies related to the health and/or safety of a community affect the coordination of care.

Passing Grade:  Provides an articulate, insightful explanation of how governmental policies related to the health and/or safety of a community affect the coordination of care. Provides clear examples of specific policies affecting care coordination.

2.  Identify national, state, and local policy provisions that raise ethical questions or dilemmas for care coordination.

Passing Grade:  Identifies significant and relevant national, state, and local policy provisions that raise ethical questions or dilemmas for care coordination. Makes a clear and persuasive argument for the ethical implications and consequences of specific policy provisions

3.  Assess the impact of the code of ethics for nurses on the coordination and continuum of care.

Passing Grade:  Assesses the impact of the code of ethics for nurses on the coordination and continuum of care. Draws insightful evidence-based conclusions informed by careful consideration of the social determinants of health and a precise and accurate interpretation of the factors contributing to health, health disparities, and access to services.

4.  Communicate key ethical and policy issues in a presentation affecting the coordination and continuum of care for a selected community organization or support group. Either speaker notes or audio voice-over are included.

Passing Grade:  Communicates key ethical and policy issues in a presentation affecting the coordination and continuum of care for a selected community organization or support group. Delivers a professional, logically coherent presentation of main points, facts, and conclusions, well-supported by relevant and credible evidence. Both speaker notes and audio voice-over are included.

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Elimination Complexities|2025

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Assignment 1)

Grading Rubric and Sample Table for this Discussion Question

Class after completing the assigned readings answer the following question

“In 300 words, Discuss how elimination complexities can affect the lives of patients and their families. Discuss the nurse’s role in supporting the patient’s psychological and emotional needs. Provide an example.” Use our text, other assigned readings and scholarly source to support your answer

Grading Rubric / Point Value for Each Part of Question

Discuss how elimination complexities impact patient/ family lives +2.5

Discuss the nurses role in supporting psychological/ emotional needs related to elimination problems +2.5

Provide an example of the complexity, the impact and the nurses role in providing support +2.5

Writing and APA +0.5

You may post your reply in narrative format or use the table below. Regardless of format, the post should be in written in your own words, and include citations and references of sources.

 

Elimination   complexities impact on patient and Family

 

Nurses supporting role related to   elimination complexities

 

Example   of a complexity, impact on patient family and nurse’s role in support

 

 

References

 

Whitney, S. GCU. (2020). Elimination Complexities. https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs410v/pathophysiology-clinical-applications-for-client-health/v1.1/#/chapter/3

Whitey, S. (2018). Elimination Complexities. In Pathophysiology: Clinical Applications for Client Health. Grand Canyon University (Ed.). https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs410v/pathophysiology-clinical-applications-for-client-health/v1.1/

 

Assignment 2)

After completing the assigned reading and reviewing the functional health pattern assessment form I posted answer the following question:

In 300 words, Discuss how functional patterns help a nurse understand the current and past state of health for a patient. Using a condition or disease associated with an elimination complexity, provide an example.

*** Grading Rubric and Point Value for Each Part of the Question***

Discuss how functional health patterns are used by the nurse to understand patient’s history and current health +2.5

Choose a condition associated with elimination complexity +2

Provide examples of data you might enter on the functional health patterns assessment +3

Writing organization and APA +0.5

You can complete the question in narrative format or use the table below.

 

Describe   how nurses use functional health patterns to understand patient’s history and   current health

 

Choose an elimination complexity

 

Provide   examples of data you might enter on the functional health patterns assessment   for the patient with the chosen elimination complexity

References

Read “Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Decline and Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease in Type 2 Diabetes,” by Megumi et al., from PLOS ONE (2018).

URL:

https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=131037700&site=eds-live&scope=site

Read “Acute Kidney Failure,” located on the Mayo Clinic website.

URL:

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-failure/symptoms-causes/syc-20369048

 

Read “Kidney Failure (Symptoms, Signs, Stages, Causes, Treatment, and Life Expectancy),” by Wedro, located on the MedicineNet website.

URL:

https://www.medicinenet.com/kidney_failure/article.htm

 

Assignment 3

CAT Question #1 Critical Thinking Functional Health Patterns

Class in 250 words reflect on the nursing process – Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation and Evaluation (ADPIE) Discuss how assessment leads to formulating nursing diagnosis and plans of care. How might the functional health patterns assessment be used in assessment, planning and formulating diagnosis? Do you see it as an assessment tool/ gathering data or clustering it for use?

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nursing|2025

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NR 341 Interdisciplinary Rounds Assignment

Student Name

Date

 

1

 

Insulin

Acetaminophen

Ondansetron

Dextrose oral liquid for hypoglycemia

 

Medications

Trade/Generic Name
Therapeutic Use
Rationale for use for this patient
Mechanism of Action
2 major Adverse Effects
2 patient teaching points

 

3

Medications

Trade/Generic Name
Therapeutic Use
Rationale for use for this patient
Mechanism of Action
2 major Adverse Effects
2 Patient Teaching Points

 

 

4

Medications

Trade/Generic Name
Therapeutic Use
Rationale for use for this patient
Mechanism of Action
2 major Adverse Effects
2 Patient teaching points

 

5

Medications

Trade/Generic Name
Therapeutic Use
Rationale for Use for this patient
Mechanism of Action
2 major Adverse Effects
2 Patient teaching points

 

6

References

Cite at least 2 references (Some examples of good references for this project include the Lewis Med-Surg text, the Sole Critical Care text, the ATI resources or a nursing drug book).

 

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Congestive Heart Failure case study 6 questions|2025

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1. Listening to the patient’s heart with stethoscope reveals a high pitched, blowing systolic murmur heard directly under the left nipple. The patient has no prior history of heart murmur. Explain what is causing this new murmur.

high-pitched, blowing heart murmur suggests that the patient has regurgitant heart valve – i.e. blood flows backward through the valve due to inadequate closure of valve; the fact that it’s under the left nipple suggests its the bicuspid valve is not closing appropriately

 

From this location, Roger’s systolic murmur is most likely from the mitral valve. During systole, the mitral valve should be closed, therefore if we are hearing a murmur, the valve must be insufficient, or not closing properly. If we were viewing this valve via Doppler echo, we would see a large blue plume of color moving from the left ventricle into the left atrium.

 

2. Is the cause of murmur in any way related to the patient’s heart attack?

the anterior intraventricular artery is also blocked; this causes ischemia and ultimately infarction of the the left ventricular wall

 

From this location, Roger’s systolic murmur is most likely from the mitral valve. During systole, the mitral valve should be closed, therefore if we are hearing a murmur, the valve must be insufficient, or not closing properly. If we were viewing this valve via Doppler echo, we would see a large blue plume of color moving from the left ventricle into the left atrium.

 

 

3. While listening to the patient’s breathing with a stethoscope, you hear some wheezing and inspiratory rales (crackling noises). Explain these findings.

the patient has a 40-pack-year smoking history that puts him at increased risk of developing chronic bronchitis and emphysema; both which alters the breath sounds heard w/ stethoscope; left ventricular heart failure slows rate of venous return of blood from pulmonary vein to left atrium

 

4. A chest X-ray taken two weeks after his collapse showed markedly enlarged cardiac silhouette and generalized haziness at the bases of the lungs. Explain why the heart is enlarged and lungs “hazy” on the chest X-ray.

A. in order to stabilize cardiac output, left ventricle must fill with more blood during ventricular diastole to make up for all the blood that is being pumped backwards into the left atrium B. hazy appearance is due to the fluid/pulmonary edema in the lungs; fluid appears lighter on Xray

 

5. The patient is stabilized and ultimately discharged from the hospital. Three months after the heart attack, he comes back to his physician for a checkup. He complains of dyspnea (shortness of breath) at rest and difficulty breathing while lying down (orthopnea). He says he can only sleep when he is propped up by two large pillows. Explain why is the patient having these symptoms.

The heart is still performing at sub optimal level; when lying down blood rushes to lungs and makes his heart failure worse; patient is also experiencing poroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea which involves shortness of breath when laying down asleep; elevating the head with pillows helps the patient sleep

 

· When Roger lays down at night, he eliminates the effect of gravity.

· rate of venous blood flow returning to right atrium increases.

· rate of venous blood flow returning to the left atrium is also increased.

· increases the pre-load placed upon left ventricle.

· Fluid begins to collect in lungs – difficulty breathing

·

· Raises heart above the majority of his systemic circulation

· Lowers rate of venous return

· Relieves shortness of breath

 

6. Discuss what other organs were affected by Roger’s illness, and how these organs are interconnected with each other.

 

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Capstone Project Change Proposal|2025

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In  this assignment, students will pull together the change proposal project  components they have been working on throughout the course to create a  proposal inclusive of sections for each content focus area in the  course. At the conclusion of this project, the student will be able to  apply evidence-based research steps and processes required as the  foundation to address a clinically oriented problem or issue in future  practice.

Students will develop a 1,250-1,500 word (word count does not include references)  paper that includes the following information as it applies to the  problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need profiled in  the capstone change proposal:

  1. Background
  2. Problem statement
  3. Purpose of the change proposal
  4. PICOT
  5. Literature search strategy employed
  6. Evaluation of the literature
  7. Applicable change or nursing theory utilized
  8. Proposed implementation plan with outcome measures
  9. Identification of potential barriers to plan implementation, and a discussion of how these could be overcome
  10. Appendix section, if tables, graphs, surveys, educational materials, etc. are created (I am not sure what an appendix section is but if you know please add something. I do know it should come AFTER the references)

All reference resources are attached. Please use the Literature Review paper as just a REFERENCE.

Prepare this assignment according to APA Style Guidelines. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric (ATTACHED). Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

 

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week5 virg last|2025

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This is an individual assignment. In 1,500-2,000 words, describe the teaching experience and discuss your observations. The written portion of this assignment should include:

  1. Summary of teaching plan
  2. Epidemiological rationale for topic
  3. Evaluation of teaching experience
  4. Community response to teaching
  5. Areas of strengths and areas of improvement

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

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Complete your Week 3 replies 4|2025

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Discussion Prompt #1

How should you use Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns to assess individual health? What health screening interventions do you regularly participate in?

 

Reply 1 Ingrid

Gordon’s functional health patterns provides the groundwork for the development of the NANDA-I nursing diagnosis nomenclature. The Functional Health Patterns should be utilized in a manner that through the assessment and collection of data will lead to identifying the problem or diagnostic statement (Mandle, 2013). To have an effective health assessment, physiological parameters must be considered along with how the patient interacts with their surroundings and environment. The Functional Health Patterns is utilized by obtaining the following data:

· Objective data: observations of nurse, physical examination findings, information from health record, results of clinical testing.

· Function data: description of person’s health status.

· Structure data: Organization of interdependent parts describing health, function, patterns of behavior that reflect whole individual and environment.

· Process: Interview, observation, and examination

· Format: Systematic but flexible, individualized to each person, nurse, and situation.

· Goal: Nursing diagnosis or problem identification (Mandle, 2013).

Health screening interventions I participate in is when a patient is a patient is seeking treatment regarding drug addiction. At my place of employment, patients who seek drug addiction treatment are provided with the medication Suboxone which is a combination medication of buprenorphine and naloxone. The medication has the potential to slow or stop breathing and has the tendency to cause addiction, overdose, and death (n.d.). Patients interested in participating in this treatment program are often screened for last alcohol use, last smoking, and last drug use. They are also questioned regarding preferred drug of choice and are subjected to a urine toxicology screening every 3 weeks.

 

Reply 2 Kristine

Gorden’s functional health pattern was deployed by Marjorie Gordon. This functional health framework provides a sequence of repeated behavior from different patterns that consists of health perception and management, elimination, nutritional-metabolic pattern, activity-exercise, sleep-rest, cognitive perceptual and role-relationship and stress tolerance patterns. Gordon’s health pattern is considered ideal to evaluate an individual’s health because it includes all those factors that put influence on the person’s health such as biological, development, cultural, social and spiritual factors. By considering all these factors in Gordon’s health patterns, healthcare professionals do a complete evaluation of an individual’s health. In this evaluation, some interventions are confronted by practitioners like other health pattern frameworks. Basically, in this framework, data is collected in subjective form and it is possible that some data can be manipulated by an individual about his or her health. This depicts an inaccurate assessment of his or her health. Hence, it is suggesting to use objective information about a person during this health’s assessment to obtain an accurate health assessment (NursingAnswers.net, 2020).

 

 

 

 

Discussion Prompt #2

What family characteristics may contribute to potential or actual dysfunctional health patterns?

 

Reply 1 Valery

Culture and environment can contribute greatly to health patterns.  Family is the main component of many patients environment especially when socio economics is considered.  In my position one of the assessments we complete is home environment and family history.  Just by questioning patients regarding their family and living situation we gain lots of insight.  For example, I had a patient that always complained of cough and chest pain but reported no smoking or tobacco use.  When I asked about her family history she mentioned that her mom recently was diagnosed with lung cancer due to smoking.  I remembered that she told me they lived together so I investigated further asking if the mother smoked in the house.  She said yes and I was able to let the physician know all of the details.  Orders for pulmonary function tests and chest xrays were processed with a diagnosis code of family history of lung cancer, and contact with and (suspected) exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (acute) (chronic).  This helps insurance understand the reasoning for request for the further diagnostic tests.

 

Reply 2 Kristopher

Family history, roles-relationship patterns, and lifestyle can influence some probable dysfunctional health patterns. Family history encompasses health-related patterns of values, goals, or beliefs through which people make choices or decisions. In essence, this takes into account quality of life, expectations, what is perceived to be important, and any perceived conflicts in the values and beliefs a person holds.

Family structure and functions occur at different stages and pose varied risk factors that contribute to health complications. Socioeconomic status, whether measured by income, education or occupational status, and lack of safety can lead to illness, child abuse, injuries, accidents, and sudden infant death syndrome. Also literacy, educational level, cultural beliefs and habits may contribute to dysfunctional health pattersn such as noncompliance with medical treatment.

Families with school-aged children may also influence health patterns due to poverty, abuse or neglect, poor nutrition, and repeated infections, accidents, or hospitalization (Mandle, 2013).

 

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