Home>Homework Answsers>Nursing homework helpDESIGNING A NURSING INFORMATICS PROJECT FOR YOUR ORGANIZATION (CONTINUED)a year ago20.03.202425Report issuefiles (2)WK.4.DESIGNINGANURSINGINFORMATICSPROJECTFORYOURORGANIZATIO1.docxBOOK.ProjectManagementfortheAdvancedPracticeNurse.docxWK.4.DESIGNINGANURSINGINFORMATICSPROJECTFORYOURORGANIZATIO1.docxDESIGNING A NURSING INFORMATICS PROJECT FOR YOUR ORGANIZATION (CONTINUED)You will use project management tools and strategies to propose how you would support and potentially implement a proposed nursing informatics project. While you may not have the opportunity to implement this proposed project, this project will allow you to apply the skills needed and the considerations that are required in deducing how a project of this scope might take place in your nursing practice. To complete this project, you will define an informatics project that would be beneficial to your healthcare organization or nursing practice. You can discuss this with upper leadership, in your practice or organization, explaining that you will need to design a proposed informatics project.This week, you will continue working on the Scope, Charter, and SWOT Analysis that you have been working on throughout the last three weeks.Complete the following:·RACI (responsibility chart)which outlines who will be responsible for which tasks, if working with a team. An example can be found in the Sipes text on pages 102–103.·Communication plan– Include documentation of all communications, status reports, changes made, next steps, especially if others will be responsible for helping you acquire documents such as IRB site documents if applicable. An example can be found in the Sipes text on page 109 and on pages 141–143.·Risk management plan –After viewing the “Risk Analysis How to Analyze Risks on Your Project”media piece in this week’s Learning Resources, document current and potential risks and how risks may be mitigated if possible. An example can be found in the Sipes text on pages 103–105.LEARNING RESOURCESRequired Readings· Sipes, C. (2020).Project management for the advanced practice nurse(2nd ed.). Springer Publishing.· Chapter 4, “Planning: Project Management—Phase 2” (pp. 75–120)· Chapter 2, “Foundational Project Management Theories that Support Decision-Making” (pp. 22–25)· American Nurses Association. (2015).Nursing informaticsLinks to an external site.: Scope and standards of practice(2nd ed.).· “Standard 1: Assessment” (pp. 68–69)· “Standard 2: Diagnosis, Problems and Issues Identification” (p. 70)· “Standard 3: Outcomes Identification” (p. 71)· “Standard 4: Planning” (p. 72)· Thompson, T. (2019).6 steps to mastering the theoretical framework of a dissertationLinks to an external site.. ServiceScape. https://www.servicescape.com/blog/6-steps-to-mastering-the-theoretical-framework-of-a-dissertation· Wensing, M., & Grol, R. (2019).Knowledge translation in health: How implementation science could contribute moreLinks to an external site..BMC Medicine, 17(88). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1322-9Required Media· Analytics Guy. (2020, August 25).Developing understanding using the DIKW pyramidLinks to an external site.[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9DoQ9gY4z4· Jonna B. (2019, April 21).Explaining Kurt Lewin’s change theoryLinks to an external site.[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WtaYloI-WAQ· IRL – Research and Science Course. (2019, August 30).What is implementation scienceLinks to an external site.? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cvk-cpDptOc· Massachusetts DESE. (2020, February 25).Introduction to implementation scienceLinks to an external site.[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJoNkAavMEY· Project Manager. (2018, July 2).Risk Analysis How to Analyze Risks on Your Project – Project Management TrainingLinks to an external site..[Video]. YouTube.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5ZrPeQW8HQ· Sustainability Science Education. (2019, August 23).What is systems thinkingLinks to an external site.? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FW6MXqzeg7M· Systems Innovation. (2018, October 27).Systems analysisLinks to an external site.[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M14kFg88Vk0· The Seas. (2015, November 23).Chapter 13 systems analysis and designLinks to an external site.[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t7YMEnnxjJ8Optional Resources· Vaishya, R., Haleem, A., Vaish, A., & Javaid, M. (2020). Emerging technologies to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology, 10(4), 409–411.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jceh.2020.04.019· Zipfel, N., van der Nat, P. B., Rensing, B. J. W. M., Daeter, E. J., Westert, G. P., & Groenewoud, A. S. (2019).The implementation of change model adds value to value-based healthcare: A qualitative studyLinks to an external site..BMC Health Services Research, 19(1), 643. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4498-yBOOK.ProjectManagementfortheAdvancedPracticeNurse.docxProject Management for the Advanced Practice Nurse- 2ND 20
by: Sipes, CarolynPROJECT RESPONSIBILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITYPage 102-103Assigning ResponsibilityThe responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) is an excellent way to clearly assign all of the WBS tasks to a person or another team. The purpose of a RAM document—sometimes referred to as the “RACI”—is to identify who “owns” a specific task or activity as well as the person who is accountable and will sign off on the task when it is completed. To complete the RAM/RACI, first identify all of the project tasks and activities that need to be completed before the project can be implemented. This also includes deliverables and milestones previously identified. Although responsibility can be shared, each activity or task should have only one person responsible as owner, otherwise it may cause issues of ownership. RACI stands for:■R = Responsible—the person who does the work■A = Accountable—the person who must ensure that the work is completed (often the PM)■C = Consulted—this person often has information required to complete the work package■I = Informed—this is often the largest group and typically includes all of the key stakeholdersAs an example of pulling in a few of the tasks from the WBS, Table 4.4 is an excerpt from the project development process outlining who is responsible, accountable, consulted, or informed for specific tasks. It is important to note responsibilities can vary depending on the project. For example, the PM, Joe, generally takes responsibility for the scope and charter documents, whereas in other areas the team selection will require responsibility from Bob, a key stakeholder, but Joe is also accountable.Page 102-105RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLANRisk is anything that can negatively or positively impact the project. For example, a positive impact could be a vendor who supplies product before it was expected. This positively impacts the project and helps the project to be completed ahead of schedule. Other risks can negatively impact the project. Not all risks that are identified will occur, but because they can, they must be closely tracked. A risk management plan states how risks will be identified, assessed, and managed during the project life cycle. The APRN PM must be sure that at least the five steps here are completed—there may be more needed but this is the basic process to follow. Next, the risk management plan must be documented with the specific responses to the five steps including:■Identify risk: internal and external including vendors; list skill levels of all■Assess risk: prioritize by low, medium, and high■Manage risk: identify and then either remove or shift it to decrease impact; then re-assess■Monitor and control each risk: For greater risks, increase frequent monitoring■Establish ongoing management plan for risk assessment: requires constant review with weekly reports, more frequent closer to go-live; update and remove risks not impacting projectThe process of risk management identifies all positive and negative risks to a project. It is through the risk management plan that the APRN as PM will be able to address and document all risks that could affect the project. Frequent risk reviews keep a focus on risks as they arise and then are managed.All projects have some risk, especially when more people are involved, which can cause confusion about what needs to be done and when it is due. All risks that could potentially impact the project must be documented and tracked, whether large or small, even though they seem harmless or will hypothetically not impact any other task. This includes all people, processes, technology, environmental influences, and organizational processes. Conducting and updating a risk assessment must be ongoing throughout the entire project. Potential risk areas that must be continually monitored are the all constraints—time, cost/underbudgeted, resources not committed/lacking anticipated skill, as well as:■Any budget cuts■Role confusion—unclear/undefined responsibilities■Lack of stakeholder or leadership support■Poor communication■Quality of productThese and all other risks will need to be tracked closely on the risk plan shown in Table 4.5.Page 109COMMUNICATION PLANA documented communication plan and its format is always needed and is an excellent resource for any group of people. If you use the four steps outlined in Figure 4.4, or develop a different one, key to remember is you will develop and use the same communication plan, which will always be consistent in format as people will begin to expect it on a weekly or regular basis.The project communication plan includes documentation of meetings, status reports, presentations at different steering team meetings such as executive steering team (EST), project steering team (PST), and documentation in a project notebook. It is important to remember your communications must be succinct and to the point. If the EST and other stakeholders are frequently sent unnecessary information, they will stop reading updates, which may be viewed as a waste of time. Something to remember is to focus on getting the right information to the right people at the right time.It is very important for PMs to be effective communicators. Clear, concise, succinct, and timely communication can add clarity to a complex project. As previously discussed, projects can be matrix, functional, or project structured and, in each case, a PM must be able to effectively communicate across geographic, technical, and business boundaries. From another perspective, a PM with good communication skills can help a failing project. Conversely, a PM with poor communication skills can erode the focus of the project and jeopardize one or more of the constraints.Page 141-143COMMUNICATION PLAN IN THE IMPLEMENTATION PHASETypes of CommunicationCommunication as a skill was discussed in Chapter 4, Planning: Project Management—Phase 2. During the implementation phase, a communication plan will need to be developed and communicated to the project team and all invested in the project. When developing the communication plan for the project and team, it is important to consider different types or ways of communicating effectively. It is important to remember that people have different learning styles; therefore, creating a communication style that fits the different learning styles will go a long way to effective communication (Ray, 2017). A summary of the types of communication are listed in Table 5.5. Can you think of other important ways to get a message out?Communication MistakesBeing a good communicator takes skill, practice, and continual effort. Good communication is difficult and is an art. Have you ever sent off a message or written a document that has numerous typos and spelling errors? Or have you read a document or email from someone else full of errors or assumptions of what you may or may not know? What was your impression of that person? Have you ever attended a meeting where there was no direction or agenda? How did that make you feel? Disorganized? At what point is it best to have face-to-face meetings?Another frequently cited error is delivering bad news via email, which must be done in a personal, face-to-face communication, or, even worse, by forwarding others’ emails that were not intended for others to see, potentially violating and creating privacy and security issues.A mistake new PMs frequently make is to assume everyone understands exactly what is being said. In this case it is important to ask for questions and use multiple approaches to getting your message out. Never assume that your messages are always understood. Always have an open mind to other effective ways of completing a task or suggestion.TESTINGOne of the most important functions a PM can oversee and manage is that of testing of the deliverables. Unfortunately, when there is a time crunch on a project, testing is the one function that is cut back or eliminated. It is also one of the biggest reasons projects might fail. You may have experienced this or remember the issues with the healthcare system or a smaller project rollout.Why Is Testing Important?As this concept is so important, it is discussed again in Chapter 6, Monitoring and Controlling: Project Management—Phase 4. As a review, Cable News Network (CNN) reported, “An internal government memo written just days before the start of open enrollment for Obamacare warned of a ‘high’ security risk because of a lack of testing of the HealthCare.gov website” (Johns, 2013, para. 1). Additional comments from CNN, “officials of companies hired to create the HealthCare.gov website cited a lack of testing on the full system and last-minute changes by the federal agency overseeing the online enrollment system” (Cohen, 2013, para. 2).Testing is typically broken down into five phases:1.Individual programming modules/unit testing2.Component/compared against requirements3.Integration4.System as a whole5.User acceptance testing (UAT) or beta testingSystems are designed by application or module; each module or application is first tested individually. Depending on the testing process, the individual applications or modules are gradually integrated and then tested. Finally, all of the applications that have been tested and passed are moved into the entire system where they are then tested as a whole.Acceptance, beta testing—also known as “UAT”—is the final phase before implementation of a system and refers to whole system testing, corrections made, with the final step as implementation. Here end users are asked to test the system to see if it meets their specific workflow, are all task applications included, and is the system easily navigable. If involved or you have an opportunity to view the testing processes, the opportunity will provide valuable information and insight into the project management process and lead to understanding of how critical the testing phase is.You may also hear the term “usability testing.” Nine key principles of usability, listed by Healthcare Information Management Systems Society (HIMSS, 2018), are simplicity—it is easy to use, natural, consistent, efficient, forgiveness and feedback, effective use of language—terminology, effective information presentation, minimize cognitive load, and preservation of context (HIMSS, 2018, p. 1). It is important to understand how this fits with testing as these are many of the elements incorporated into test scripts that are used by testers/end users to test the system. An HIMSS survey (2009) reports that one reason EHR adoption and implementation rates have been very slow is due to lack of efficiency and usability of current systems.Overall, projects have failed when the importance of testing was put aside and not done due to time constraints—the Obama healthcare rollout is just one example of the consequences when the value and importance of testing are ignored. Can you think of any other examples where a project failed due to lack of testing?BOOK.ProjectManagementfortheAdvancedPracticeNurse.docxProject Management for the Advanced Practice Nurse- 2ND 20
by: Sipes, CarolynPROJECT RESPONSIBILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITYPage 102-103Assigning ResponsibilityThe responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) is an excellent way to clearly assign all of the WBS tasks to a person or another team. The purpose of a RAM document—sometimes referred to as the “RACI”—is to identify who “owns” a specific task or activity as well as the person who is accountable and will sign off on the task when it is completed. To complete the RAM/RACI, first identify all of the project tasks and activities that need to be completed before the project can be implemented. This also includes deliverables and milestones previously identified. Although responsibility can be shared, each activity or task should have only one person responsible as owner, otherwise it may cause issues of ownership. RACI stands for:■R = Responsible—the person who does the work■A = Accountable—the person who must ensure that the work is completed (often the PM)■C = Consulted—this person often has information required to complete the work package■I = Informed—this is often the largest group and typically includes all of the key stakeholdersAs an example of pulling in a few of the tasks from the WBS, Table 4.4 is an excerpt from the project development process outlining who is responsible, accountable, consulted, or informed for specific tasks. It is important to note responsibilities can vary depending on the project. For example, the PM, Joe, generally takes responsibility for the scope and charter documents, whereas in other areas the team selection will require responsibility from Bob, a key stakeholder, but Joe is also accountable.Page 102-105RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLANRisk is anything that can negatively or positively impact the project. For example, a positive impact could be a vendor who supplies product before it was expected. This positively impacts the project and helps the project to be completed ahead of schedule. Other risks can negatively impact the project. Not all risks that are identified will occur, but because they can, they must be closely tracked. A risk management plan states how risks will be identified, assessed, and managed during the project life cycle. The APRN PM must be sure that at least the five steps here are completed—there may be more needed but this is the basic process to follow. Next, the risk management plan must be documented with the specific responses to the five steps including:■Identify risk: internal and external including vendors; list skill levels of all■Assess risk: prioritize by low, medium, and high■Manage risk: identify and then either remove or shift it to decrease impact; then re-assess■Monitor and control each risk: For greater risks, increase frequent monitoring■Establish ongoing management plan for risk assessment: requires constant review with weekly reports, more frequent closer to go-live; update and remove risks not impacting projectThe process of risk management identifies all positive and negative risks to a project. It is through the risk management plan that the APRN as PM will be able to address and document all risks that could affect the project. Frequent risk reviews keep a focus on risks as they arise and then are managed.All projects have some risk, especially when more people are involved, which can cause confusion about what needs to be done and when it is due. All risks that could potentially impact the project must be documented and tracked, whether large or small, even though they seem harmless or will hypothetically not impact any other task. This includes all people, processes, technology, environmental influences, and organizational processes. Conducting and updating a risk assessment must be ongoing throughout the entire project. Potential risk areas that must be continually monitored are the all constraints—time, cost/underbudgeted, resources not committed/lacking anticipated skill, as well as:■Any budget cuts■Role confusion—unclear/undefined responsibilities■Lack of stakeholder or leadership support■Poor communication■Quality of productThese and all other risks will need to be tracked closely on the risk plan shown in Table 4.5.Page 109COMMUNICATION PLANA documented communication plan and its format is always needed and is an excellent resource for any group of people. If you use the four steps outlined in Figure 4.4, or develop a different one, key to remember is you will develop and use the same communication plan, which will always be consistent in format as people will begin to expect it on a weekly or regular basis.The project communication plan includes documentation of meetings, status reports, presentations at different steering team meetings such as executive steering team (EST), project steering team (PST), and documentation in a project notebook. It is important to remember your communications must be succinct and to the point. If the EST and other stakeholders are frequently sent unnecessary information, they will stop reading updates, which may be viewed as a waste of time. Something to remember is to focus on getting the right information to the right people at the right time.It is very important for PMs to be effective communicators. Clear, concise, succinct, and timely communication can add clarity to a complex project. As previously discussed, projects can be matrix, functional, or project structured and, in each case, a PM must be able to effectively communicate across geographic, technical, and business boundaries. From another perspective, a PM with good communication skills can help a failing project. Conversely, a PM with poor communication skills can erode the focus of the project and jeopardize one or more of the constraints.Page 141-143COMMUNICATION PLAN IN THE IMPLEMENTATION PHASETypes of CommunicationCommunication as a skill was discussed in Chapter 4, Planning: Project Management—Phase 2. During the implementation phase, a communication plan will need to be developed and communicated to the project team and all invested in the project. When developing the communication plan for the project and team, it is important to consider different types or ways of communicating effectively. It is important to remember that people have different learning styles; therefore, creating a communication style that fits the different learning styles will go a long way to effective communication (Ray, 2017). A summary of the types of communication are listed in Table 5.5. Can you think of other important ways to get a message out?Communication MistakesBeing a good communicator takes skill, practice, and continual effort. Good communication is difficult and is an art. Have you ever sent off a message or written a document that has numerous typos and spelling errors? Or have you read a document or email from someone else full of errors or assumptions of what you may or may not know? What was your impression of that person? Have you ever attended a meeting where there was no direction or agenda? How did that make you feel? Disorganized? At what point is it best to have face-to-face meetings?Another frequently cited error is delivering bad news via email, which must be done in a personal, face-to-face communication, or, even worse, by forwarding others’ emails that were not intended for others to see, potentially violating and creating privacy and security issues.A mistake new PMs frequently make is to assume everyone understands exactly what is being said. In this case it is important to ask for questions and use multiple approaches to getting your message out. Never assume that your messages are always understood. Always have an open mind to other effective ways of completing a task or suggestion.TESTINGOne of the most important functions a PM can oversee and manage is that of testing of the deliverables. Unfortunately, when there is a time crunch on a project, testing is the one function that is cut back or eliminated. It is also one of the biggest reasons projects might fail. You may have experienced this or remember the issues with the healthcare system or a smaller project rollout.Why Is Testing Important?As this concept is so important, it is discussed again in Chapter 6, Monitoring and Controlling: Project Management—Phase 4. As a review, Cable News Network (CNN) reported, “An internal government memo written just days before the start of open enrollment for Obamacare warned of a ‘high’ security risk because of a lack of testing of the HealthCare.gov website” (Johns, 2013, para. 1). Additional comments from CNN, “officials of companies hired to create the HealthCare.gov website cited a lack of testing on the full system and last-minute changes by the federal agency overseeing the online enrollment system” (Cohen, 2013, para. 2).Testing is typically broken down into five phases:1.Individual programming modules/unit testing2.Component/compared against requirements3.Integration4.System as a whole5.User acceptance testing (UAT) or beta testingSystems are designed by application or module; each module or application is first tested individually. Depending on the testing process, the individual applications or modules are gradually integrated and then tested. Finally, all of the applications that have been tested and passed are moved into the entire system where they are then tested as a whole.Acceptance, beta testing—also known as “UAT”—is the final phase before implementation of a system and refers to whole system testing, corrections made, with the final step as implementation. Here end users are asked to test the system to see if it meets their specific workflow, are all task applications included, and is the system easily navigable. If involved or you have an opportunity to view the testing processes, the opportunity will provide valuable information and insight into the project management process and lead to understanding of how critical the testing phase is.You may also hear the term “usability testing.” Nine key principles of usability, listed by Healthcare Information Management Systems Society (HIMSS, 2018), are simplicity—it is easy to use, natural, consistent, efficient, forgiveness and feedback, effective use of language—terminology, effective information presentation, minimize cognitive load, and preservation of context (HIMSS, 2018, p. 1). It is important to understand how this fits with testing as these are many of the elements incorporated into test scripts that are used by testers/end users to test the system. An HIMSS survey (2009) reports that one reason EHR adoption and implementation rates have been very slow is due to lack of efficiency and usability of current systems.Overall, projects have failed when the importance of testing was put aside and not done due to time constraints—the Obama healthcare rollout is just one example of the consequences when the value and importance of testing are ignored. Can you think of any other examples where a project failed due to lack of testing?WK.4.DESIGNINGANURSINGINFORMATICSPROJECTFORYOURORGANIZATIO1.docxDESIGNING A NURSING INFORMATICS PROJECT FOR YOUR ORGANIZATION (CONTINUED)You will use project management tools and strategies to propose how you would support and potentially implement a proposed nursing informatics project. While you may not have the opportunity to implement this proposed project, this project will allow you to apply the skills needed and the considerations that are required in deducing how a project of this scope might take place in your nursing practice. To complete this project, you will define an informatics project that would be beneficial to your healthcare organization or nursing practice. You can discuss this with upper leadership, in your practice or organization, explaining that you will need to design a proposed informatics project.This week, you will continue working on the Scope, Charter, and SWOT Analysis that you have been working on throughout the last three weeks.Complete the following:·RACI (responsibility chart)which outlines who will be responsible for which tasks, if working with a team. An example can be found in the Sipes text on pages 102–103.·Communication plan– Include documentation of all communications, status reports, changes made, next steps, especially if others will be responsible for helping you acquire documents such as IRB site documents if applicable. An example can be found in the Sipes text on page 109 and on pages 141–143.·Risk management plan –After viewing the “Risk Analysis How to Analyze Risks on Your Project”media piece in this week’s Learning Resources, document current and potential risks and how risks may be mitigated if possible. An example can be found in the Sipes text on pages 103–105.LEARNING RESOURCESRequired Readings· Sipes, C. (2020).Project management for the advanced practice nurse(2nd ed.). Springer Publishing.· Chapter 4, “Planning: Project Management—Phase 2” (pp. 75–120)· Chapter 2, “Foundational Project Management Theories that Support Decision-Making” (pp. 22–25)· American Nurses Association. (2015).Nursing informaticsLinks to an external site.: Scope and standards of practice(2nd ed.).· “Standard 1: Assessment” (pp. 68–69)· “Standard 2: Diagnosis, Problems and Issues Identification” (p. 70)· “Standard 3: Outcomes Identification” (p. 71)· “Standard 4: Planning” (p. 72)· Thompson, T. (2019).6 steps to mastering the theoretical framework of a dissertationLinks to an external site.. ServiceScape. https://www.servicescape.com/blog/6-steps-to-mastering-the-theoretical-framework-of-a-dissertation· Wensing, M., & Grol, R. (2019).Knowledge translation in health: How implementation science could contribute moreLinks to an external site..BMC Medicine, 17(88). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1322-9Required Media· Analytics Guy. (2020, August 25).Developing understanding using the DIKW pyramidLinks to an external site.[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9DoQ9gY4z4· Jonna B. (2019, April 21).Explaining Kurt Lewin’s change theoryLinks to an external site.[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WtaYloI-WAQ· IRL – Research and Science Course. (2019, August 30).What is implementation scienceLinks to an external site.? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cvk-cpDptOc· Massachusetts DESE. (2020, February 25).Introduction to implementation scienceLinks to an external site.[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJoNkAavMEY· Project Manager. (2018, July 2).Risk Analysis How to Analyze Risks on Your Project – Project Management TrainingLinks to an external site..[Video]. YouTube.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5ZrPeQW8HQ· Sustainability Science Education. (2019, August 23).What is systems thinkingLinks to an external site.? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FW6MXqzeg7M· Systems Innovation. (2018, October 27).Systems analysisLinks to an external site.[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M14kFg88Vk0· The Seas. (2015, November 23).Chapter 13 systems analysis and designLinks to an external site.[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t7YMEnnxjJ8Optional Resources· Vaishya, R., Haleem, A., Vaish, A., & Javaid, M. (2020). Emerging technologies to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology, 10(4), 409–411.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jceh.2020.04.019· Zipfel, N., van der Nat, P. B., Rensing, B. J. W. M., Daeter, E. J., Westert, G. P., & Groenewoud, A. S. (2019).The implementation of change model adds value to value-based healthcare: A qualitative studyLinks to an external site..BMC Health Services Research, 19(1), 643. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4498-yBOOK.ProjectManagementfortheAdvancedPracticeNurse.docxProject Management for the Advanced Practice Nurse- 2ND 20
by: Sipes, CarolynPROJECT RESPONSIBILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITYPage 102-103Assigning ResponsibilityThe responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) is an excellent way to clearly assign all of the WBS tasks to a person or another team. The purpose of a RAM document—sometimes referred to as the “RACI”—is to identify who “owns” a specific task or activity as well as the person who is accountable and will sign off on the task when it is completed. To complete the RAM/RACI, first identify all of the project tasks and activities that need to be completed before the project can be implemented. This also includes deliverables and milestones previously identified. Although responsibility can be shared, each activity or task should have only one person responsible as owner, otherwise it may cause issues of ownership. RACI stands for:■R = Responsible—the person who does the work■A = Accountable—the person who must ensure that the work is completed (often the PM)■C = Consulted—this person often has information required to complete the work package■I = Informed—this is often the largest group and typically includes all of the key stakeholdersAs an example of pulling in a few of the tasks from the WBS, Table 4.4 is an excerpt from the project development process outlining who is responsible, accountable, consulted, or informed for specific tasks. It is important to note responsibilities can vary depending on the project. For example, the PM, Joe, generally takes responsibility for the scope and charter documents, whereas in other areas the team selection will require responsibility from Bob, a key stakeholder, but Joe is also accountable.Page 102-105RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLANRisk is anything that can negatively or positively impact the project. For example, a positive impact could be a vendor who supplies product before it was expected. This positively impacts the project and helps the project to be completed ahead of schedule. Other risks can negatively impact the project. Not all risks that are identified will occur, but because they can, they must be closely tracked. A risk management plan states how risks will be identified, assessed, and managed during the project life cycle. The APRN PM must be sure that at least the five steps here are completed—there may be more needed but this is the basic process to follow. Next, the risk management plan must be documented with the specific responses to the five steps including:■Identify risk: internal and external including vendors; list skill levels of all■Assess risk: prioritize by low, medium, and high■Manage risk: identify and then either remove or shift it to decrease impact; then re-assess■Monitor and control each risk: For greater risks, increase frequent monitoring■Establish ongoing management plan for risk assessment: requires constant review with weekly reports, more frequent closer to go-live; update and remove risks not impacting projectThe process of risk management identifies all positive and negative risks to a project. It is through the risk management plan that the APRN as PM will be able to address and document all risks that could affect the project. Frequent risk reviews keep a focus on risks as they arise and then are managed.All projects have some risk, especially when more people are involved, which can cause confusion about what needs to be done and when it is due. All risks that could potentially impact the project must be documented and tracked, whether large or small, even though they seem harmless or will hypothetically not impact any other task. This includes all people, processes, technology, environmental influences, and organizational processes. Conducting and updating a risk assessment must be ongoing throughout the entire project. Potential risk areas that must be continually monitored are the all constraints—time, cost/underbudgeted, resources not committed/lacking anticipated skill, as well as:■Any budget cuts■Role confusion—unclear/undefined responsibilities■Lack of stakeholder or leadership support■Poor communication■Quality of productThese and all other risks will need to be tracked closely on the risk plan shown in Table 4.5.Page 109COMMUNICATION PLANA documented communication plan and its format is always needed and is an excellent resource for any group of people. If you use the four steps outlined in Figure 4.4, or develop a different one, key to remember is you will develop and use the same communication plan, which will always be consistent in format as people will begin to expect it on a weekly or regular basis.The project communication plan includes documentation of meetings, status reports, presentations at different steering team meetings such as executive steering team (EST), project steering team (PST), and documentation in a project notebook. It is important to remember your communications must be succinct and to the point. If the EST and other stakeholders are frequently sent unnecessary information, they will stop reading updates, which may be viewed as a waste of time. Something to remember is to focus on getting the right information to the right people at the right time.It is very important for PMs to be effective communicators. Clear, concise, succinct, and timely communication can add clarity to a complex project. As previously discussed, projects can be matrix, functional, or project structured and, in each case, a PM must be able to effectively communicate across geographic, technical, and business boundaries. From another perspective, a PM with good communication skills can help a failing project. Conversely, a PM with poor communication skills can erode the focus of the project and jeopardize one or more of the constraints.Page 141-143COMMUNICATION PLAN IN THE IMPLEMENTATION PHASETypes of CommunicationCommunication as a skill was discussed in Chapter 4, Planning: Project Management—Phase 2. During the implementation phase, a communication plan will need to be developed and communicated to the project team and all invested in the project. When developing the communication plan for the project and team, it is important to consider different types or ways of communicating effectively. It is important to remember that people have different learning styles; therefore, creating a communication style that fits the different learning styles will go a long way to effective communication (Ray, 2017). A summary of the types of communication are listed in Table 5.5. Can you think of other important ways to get a message out?Communication MistakesBeing a good communicator takes skill, practice, and continual effort. Good communication is difficult and is an art. Have you ever sent off a message or written a document that has numerous typos and spelling errors? Or have you read a document or email from someone else full of errors or assumptions of what you may or may not know? What was your impression of that person? Have you ever attended a meeting where there was no direction or agenda? How did that make you feel? Disorganized? At what point is it best to have face-to-face meetings?Another frequently cited error is delivering bad news via email, which must be done in a personal, face-to-face communication, or, even worse, by forwarding others’ emails that were not intended for others to see, potentially violating and creating privacy and security issues.A mistake new PMs frequently make is to assume everyone understands exactly what is being said. In this case it is important to ask for questions and use multiple approaches to getting your message out. Never assume that your messages are always understood. Always have an open mind to other effective ways of completing a task or suggestion.TESTINGOne of the most important functions a PM can oversee and manage is that of testing of the deliverables. Unfortunately, when there is a time crunch on a project, testing is the one function that is cut back or eliminated. It is also one of the biggest reasons projects might fail. You may have experienced this or remember the issues with the healthcare system or a smaller project rollout.Why Is Testing Important?As this concept is so important, it is discussed again in Chapter 6, Monitoring and Controlling: Project Management—Phase 4. As a review, Cable News Network (CNN) reported, “An internal government memo written just days before the start of open enrollment for Obamacare warned of a ‘high’ security risk because of a lack of testing of the HealthCare.gov website” (Johns, 2013, para. 1). Additional comments from CNN, “officials of companies hired to create the HealthCare.gov website cited a lack of testing on the full system and last-minute changes by the federal agency overseeing the online enrollment system” (Cohen, 2013, para. 2).Testing is typically broken down into five phases:1.Individual programming modules/unit testing2.Component/compared against requirements3.Integration4.System as a whole5.User acceptance testing (UAT) or beta testingSystems are designed by application or module; each module or application is first tested individually. Depending on the testing process, the individual applications or modules are gradually integrated and then tested. Finally, all of the applications that have been tested and passed are moved into the entire system where they are then tested as a whole.Acceptance, beta testing—also known as “UAT”—is the final phase before implementation of a system and refers to whole system testing, corrections made, with the final step as implementation. Here end users are asked to test the system to see if it meets their specific workflow, are all task applications included, and is the system easily navigable. If involved or you have an opportunity to view the testing processes, the opportunity will provide valuable information and insight into the project management process and lead to understanding of how critical the testing phase is.You may also hear the term “usability testing.” Nine key principles of usability, listed by Healthcare Information Management Systems Society (HIMSS, 2018), are simplicity—it is easy to use, natural, consistent, efficient, forgiveness and feedback, effective use of language—terminology, effective information presentation, minimize cognitive load, and preservation of context (HIMSS, 2018, p. 1). It is important to understand how this fits with testing as these are many of the elements incorporated into test scripts that are used by testers/end users to test the system. An HIMSS survey (2009) reports that one reason EHR adoption and implementation rates have been very slow is due to lack of efficiency and usability of current systems.Overall, projects have failed when the importance of testing was put aside and not done due to time constraints—the Obama healthcare rollout is just one example of the consequences when the value and importance of testing are ignored. Can you think of any other examples where a project failed due to lack of testing?WK.4.DESIGNINGANURSINGINFORMATICSPROJECTFORYOURORGANIZATIO1.docxDESIGNING A NURSING INFORMATICS PROJECT FOR YOUR ORGANIZATION (CONTINUED)You will use project management tools and strategies to propose how you would support and potentially implement a proposed nursing informatics project. While you may not have the opportunity to implement this proposed project, this project will allow you to apply the skills needed and the considerations that are required in deducing how a project of this scope might take place in your nursing practice. To complete this project, you will define an informatics project that would be beneficial to your healthcare organization or nursing practice. You can discuss this with upper leadership, in your practice or organization, explaining that you will need to design a proposed informatics project.This week, you will continue working on the Scope, Charter, and SWOT Analysis that you have been working on throughout the last three weeks.Complete the following:·RACI (responsibility chart)which outlines who will be responsible for which tasks, if working with a team. An example can be found in the Sipes text on pages 102–103.·Communication plan– Include documentation of all communications, status reports, changes made, next steps, especially if others will be responsible for helping you acquire documents such as IRB site documents if applicable. An example can be found in the Sipes text on page 109 and on pages 141–143.·Risk management plan –After viewing the “Risk Analysis How to Analyze Risks on Your Project”media piece in this week’s Learning Resources, document current and potential risks and how risks may be mitigated if possible. An example can be found in the Sipes text on pages 103–105.LEARNING RESOURCESRequired Readings· Sipes, C. (2020).Project management for the advanced practice nurse(2nd ed.). Springer Publishing.· Chapter 4, “Planning: Project Management—Phase 2” (pp. 75–120)· Chapter 2, “Foundational Project Management Theories that Support Decision-Making” (pp. 22–25)· American Nurses Association. (2015).Nursing informaticsLinks to an external site.: Scope and standards of practice(2nd ed.).· “Standard 1: Assessment” (pp. 68–69)· “Standard 2: Diagnosis, Problems and Issues Identification” (p. 70)· “Standard 3: Outcomes Identification” (p. 71)· “Standard 4: Planning” (p. 72)· Thompson, T. (2019).6 steps to mastering the theoretical framework of a dissertationLinks to an external site.. ServiceScape. https://www.servicescape.com/blog/6-steps-to-mastering-the-theoretical-framework-of-a-dissertation· Wensing, M., & Grol, R. (2019).Knowledge translation in health: How implementation science could contribute moreLinks to an external site..BMC Medicine, 17(88). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1322-9Required Media· Analytics Guy. (2020, August 25).Developing understanding using the DIKW pyramidLinks to an external site.[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9DoQ9gY4z4· Jonna B. (2019, April 21).Explaining Kurt Lewin’s change theoryLinks to an external site.[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WtaYloI-WAQ· IRL – Research and Science Course. (2019, August 30).What is implementation scienceLinks to an external site.? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cvk-cpDptOc· Massachusetts DESE. (2020, February 25).Introduction to implementation scienceLinks to an external site.[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJoNkAavMEY· Project Manager. (2018, July 2).Risk Analysis How to Analyze Risks on Your Project – Project Management TrainingLinks to an external site..[Video]. YouTube.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5ZrPeQW8HQ· Sustainability Science Education. (2019, August 23).What is systems thinkingLinks to an external site.? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FW6MXqzeg7M· Systems Innovation. (2018, October 27).Systems analysisLinks to an external site.[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M14kFg88Vk0· The Seas. (2015, November 23).Chapter 13 systems analysis and designLinks to an external site.[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t7YMEnnxjJ8Optional Resources· Vaishya, R., Haleem, A., Vaish, A., & Javaid, M. (2020). Emerging technologies to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology, 10(4), 409–411.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jceh.2020.04.019· Zipfel, N., van der Nat, P. B., Rensing, B. J. W. M., Daeter, E. J., Westert, G. P., & Groenewoud, A. S. (2019).The implementation of change model adds value to value-based healthcare: A qualitative studyLinks to an external site..BMC Health Services Research, 19(1), 643. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4498-yBOOK.ProjectManagementfortheAdvancedPracticeNurse.docxProject Management for the Advanced Practice Nurse- 2ND 20
by: Sipes, CarolynPROJECT RESPONSIBILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITYPage 102-103Assigning ResponsibilityThe responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) is an excellent way to clearly assign all of the WBS tasks to a person or another team. The purpose of a RAM document—sometimes referred to as the “RACI”—is to identify who “owns” a specific task or activity as well as the person who is accountable and will sign off on the task when it is completed. To complete the RAM/RACI, first identify all of the project tasks and activities that need to be completed before the project can be implemented. This also includes deliverables and milestones previously identified. Although responsibility can be shared, each activity or task should have only one person responsible as owner, otherwise it may cause issues of ownership. RACI stands for:■R = Responsible—the person who does the work■A = Accountable—the person who must ensure that the work is completed (often the PM)■C = Consulted—this person often has information required to complete the work package■I = Informed—this is often the largest group and typically includes all of the key stakeholdersAs an example of pulling in a few of the tasks from the WBS, Table 4.4 is an excerpt from the project development process outlining who is responsible, accountable, consulted, or informed for specific tasks. It is important to note responsibilities can vary depending on the project. For example, the PM, Joe, generally takes responsibility for the scope and charter documents, whereas in other areas the team selection will require responsibility from Bob, a key stakeholder, but Joe is also accountable.Page 102-105RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLANRisk is anything that can negatively or positively impact the project. For example, a positive impact could be a vendor who supplies product before it was expected. This positively impacts the project and helps the project to be completed ahead of schedule. Other risks can negatively impact the project. Not all risks that are identified will occur, but because they can, they must be closely tracked. A risk management plan states how risks will be identified, assessed, and managed during the project life cycle. The APRN PM must be sure that at least the five steps here are completed—there may be more needed but this is the basic process to follow. Next, the risk management plan must be documented with the specific responses to the five steps including:■Identify risk: internal and external including vendors; list skill levels of all■Assess risk: prioritize by low, medium, and high■Manage risk: identify and then either remove or shift it to decrease impact; then re-assess■Monitor and control each risk: For greater risks, increase frequent monitoring■Establish ongoing management plan for risk assessment: requires constant review with weekly reports, more frequent closer to go-live; update and remove risks not impacting projectThe process of risk management identifies all positive and negative risks to a project. It is through the risk management plan that the APRN as PM will be able to address and document all risks that could affect the project. Frequent risk reviews keep a focus on risks as they arise and then are managed.All projects have some risk, especially when more people are involved, which can cause confusion about what needs to be done and when it is due. All risks that could potentially impact the project must be documented and tracked, whether large or small, even though they seem harmless or will hypothetically not impact any other task. This includes all people, processes, technology, environmental influences, and organizational processes. Conducting and updating a risk assessment must be ongoing throughout the entire project. Potential risk areas that must be continually monitored are the all constraints—time, cost/underbudgeted, resources not committed/lacking anticipated skill, as well as:■Any budget cuts■Role confusion—unclear/undefined responsibilities■Lack of stakeholder or leadership support■Poor communication■Quality of productThese and all other risks will need to be tracked closely on the risk plan shown in Table 4.5.Page 109COMMUNICATION PLANA documented communication plan and its format is always needed and is an excellent resource for any group of people. If you use the four steps outlined in Figure 4.4, or develop a different one, key to remember is you will develop and use the same communication plan, which will always be consistent in format as people will begin to expect it on a weekly or regular basis.The project communication plan includes documentation of meetings, status reports, presentations at different steering team meetings such as executive steering team (EST), project steering team (PST), and documentation in a project notebook. It is important to remember your communications must be succinct and to the point. If the EST and other stakeholders are frequently sent unnecessary information, they will stop reading updates, which may be viewed as a waste of time. Something to remember is to focus on getting the right information to the right people at the right time.It is very important for PMs to be effective communicators. Clear, concise, succinct, and timely communication can add clarity to a complex project. As previously discussed, projects can be matrix, functional, or project structured and, in each case, a PM must be able to effectively communicate across geographic, technical, and business boundaries. From another perspective, a PM with good communication skills can help a failing project. Conversely, a PM with poor communication skills can erode the focus of the project and jeopardize one or more of the constraints.Page 141-143COMMUNICATION PLAN IN THE IMPLEMENTATION PHASETypes of CommunicationCommunication as a skill was discussed in Chapter 4, Planning: Project Management—Phase 2. During the implementation phase, a communication plan will need to be developed and communicated to the project team and all invested in the project. When developing the communication plan for the project and team, it is important to consider different types or ways of communicating effectively. It is important to remember that people have different learning styles; therefore, creating a communication style that fits the different learning styles will go a long way to effective communication (Ray, 2017). A summary of the types of communication are listed in Table 5.5. Can you think of other important ways to get a message out?Communication MistakesBeing a good communicator takes skill, practice, and continual effort. Good communication is difficult and is an art. Have you ever sent off a message or written a document that has numerous typos and spelling errors? Or have you read a document or email from someone else full of errors or assumptions of what you may or may not know? What was your impression of that person? Have you ever attended a meeting where there was no direction or agenda? How did that make you feel? Disorganized? At what point is it best to have face-to-face meetings?Another frequently cited error is delivering bad news via email, which must be done in a personal, face-to-face communication, or, even worse, by forwarding others’ emails that were not intended for others to see, potentially violating and creating privacy and security issues.A mistake new PMs frequently make is to assume everyone understands exactly what is being said. In this case it is important to ask for questions and use multiple approaches to getting your message out. Never assume that your messages are always understood. Always have an open mind to other effective ways of completing a task or suggestion.TESTINGOne of the most important functions a PM can oversee and manage is that of testing of the deliverables. Unfortunately, when there is a time crunch on a project, testing is the one function that is cut back or eliminated. It is also one of the biggest reasons projects might fail. You may have experienced this or remember the issues with the healthcare system or a smaller project rollout.Why Is Testing Important?As this concept is so important, it is discussed again in Chapter 6, Monitoring and Controlling: Project Management—Phase 4. As a review, Cable News Network (CNN) reported, “An internal government memo written just days before the start of open enrollment for Obamacare warned of a ‘high’ security risk because of a lack of testing of the HealthCare.gov website” (Johns, 2013, para. 1). Additional comments from CNN, “officials of companies hired to create the HealthCare.gov website cited a lack of testing on the full system and last-minute changes by the federal agency overseeing the online enrollment system” (Cohen, 2013, para. 2).Testing is typically broken down into five phases:1.Individual programming modules/unit testing2.Component/compared against requirements3.Integration4.System as a whole5.User acceptance testing (UAT) or beta testingSystems are designed by application or module; each module or application is first tested individually. Depending on the testing process, the individual applications or modules are gradually integrated and then tested. Finally, all of the applications that have been tested and passed are moved into the entire system where they are then tested as a whole.Acceptance, beta testing—also known as “UAT”—is the final phase before implementation of a system and refers to whole system testing, corrections made, with the final step as implementation. Here end users are asked to test the system to see if it meets their specific workflow, are all task applications included, and is the system easily navigable. If involved or you have an opportunity to view the testing processes, the opportunity will provide valuable information and insight into the project management process and lead to understanding of how critical the testing phase is.You may also hear the term “usability testing.” Nine key principles of usability, listed by Healthcare Information Management Systems Society (HIMSS, 2018), are simplicity—it is easy to use, natural, consistent, efficient, forgiveness and feedback, effective use of language—terminology, effective information presentation, minimize cognitive load, and preservation of context (HIMSS, 2018, p. 1). It is important to understand how this fits with testing as these are many of the elements incorporated into test scripts that are used by testers/end users to test the system. An HIMSS survey (2009) reports that one reason EHR adoption and implementation rates have been very slow is due to lack of efficiency and usability of current systems.Overall, projects have failed when the importance of testing was put aside and not done due to time constraints—the Obama healthcare rollout is just one example of the consequences when the value and importance of testing are ignored. Can you think of any other examples where a project failed due to lack of testing?12Bids(72)Miss DeannaDr. Ellen RMEmily ClareMathProgrammingDr. Sarah BlakeMISS HILLARY A+abdul_rehman_Prof Double RYoung NyanyaSTELLAR GEEK A+ProWritingGuruJahky BProf. TOPGRADESheryl HoganDr. Adeline ZoeDr M. MichelleAshley EllieTutor Cyrus KenDr. Sophie MilesWIZARD_KIMShow All Bidsother Questions(10)case study 3.C++ question to be done in code blocksDr. Emisimple questionsThereâs an old adage that says that history is always written by the winners. 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