Part 2: Infographic

Create  an infographic on the importance of PREVENTATIVE SCREENINGS FOR AFRICAN AMERICAN OLDER WOMEN.  Include at least (2)  two scholarly sources, cited per APA on the infographic where used and  add the references at the bottom of the infographic.

Choose  one older adult community population (African American women) and create an infographic on a topic of  preventative screenings for this population. Choose to focus  on one specific preventative screening (like colonoscopy) or one  specific vaccine (like pneumovax).

View  websites on how to create an 8 X 11.5 color infographic (one-page Word  or pdf. document), but do not purchase formatting options. 

• http://blog.hubspot.com/blog/tabid/6307/bid/34223/5-Infographics-to-Teach-You-How-to-Easily-Create-Infographics-in-PowerPoint-TEMPLATES.aspx
• http://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/free-ppt-infographic-templates-designs-ht

Assignment Expectations:

Length: One-page

Structure: One-page colored infographic

References:  Use appropriate APA style in-text citations and references for all  resources utilized to answer the questions.  A minimum of two (2)  scholarly sources are required for this assignment. Citations on  infographic where used, references at the bottom of infographic. 

Prior to beginning work on this discussion, review your textbook chapters and other required readings for this week: Implementing value-based payment reform: A conceptual framework and case examples, The Future of Capitation: The Physician Role in Managing Change in Practice (Links to an external site.), How to pay for health care: Bundled payments will finally unleash the competition that patients want, and The 8 Basic Payment Methods in Health Care. Be sure to also read the Insurance Model Quiz Show from your textbook in the Summary and Resources section.

There are four specific reimbursement methods in our health care system. For this discussion, you will write your initial post on one of the four methods as assigned (see the table below). Address the following in your initial post:

Explain why your method of reimbursement is the best method for the U.S. health care system.
Identify how this reimbursement model has evolved.
Determine how this reimbursement model has positively influenced cost, quality, and access of care.
Your original post should be at least 250 words using at least two scholarly sources supporting your viewpoint. For assistance, review the Understanding Insurance Models (Links to an external site.) game in the Chapter 3 Summary section of your textbook.

Reimbursement Method Last Name
Fee-for-service Student last name begins with A, E, H, O, V, Y
Capitation Student last name begins with B, I, L, N, P, W, Z
Pay-for-Performance Student last name begins with C, G, J, M, Q, S,
Value-Based Student last name begins with D, F, K, R, T, U, X
Guided Response: Respond to at least two of your classmates who have argued for two of the other methods. In your responses,

Debate with your peer why your method would benefit more in helping to control health care costs in the United States.
Rationalize, based on the pros and cons of your assigned method, why it is more beneficial than your peers’. Be sure to address its influence on cost, quality, and access to care.
Note: Your rebuttals should be at least 150 words.

This course is designed to prepare investigators involved in the design and/or conduct of research involving human subjects to understand their obligations to protect the rights and welfare of subjects in research. The course material presents basic concepts, principles, and issues related to the protection of research participants.  Please provide quality, graduate level answers. This means there has to be references and important to look for references beyond your textbook; the content has to be meaningful especially if you are getting 10 points for each question 

Evidence based research involving human subjects requires that researchers be cognizant of and adhere to the important tenets necessary to protect subjects from abuse, harm, injury, and/or other undesirable outcomes resulting from the research process.  Based on this fact, write a minimum of 2 pages (Title page and Reference not included in page count) of an APA formatted paper answering the following questions with a minimum of 3 “short” sentences for each question: 

1. Historical background of human subjects protection? (10 points)
2. Find and discuss at least one historical incident of human subjects abuse in research and what human right was violated. (10 points)
3. What steps will you take to minimize risks on human subjects? (10 points)
4. What populations are considered vulnerable populations and why? (10 points)
5. What are appropriate ways to recruit subjects? (10 points)
6. How would you properly obtain consent? (10 points)
7. What are the elements of a properly executed consent? (10 points) 
8. What committees are responsible for monitoring the protection of human subjects? (10 points) the above are also the RUBRIC.

Scoring Scheme:

• Total points for questions/content: 80 points
• Title page and a minimum of 2 References: 10 points
• Minimum of 3 “short” sentences to answer each question: 10 points
• TOTAL POINTS: 100 (the gradebook will re-weight this total as 50 points or 5% of the course grade)

NOTE: This is a written APA formatted assignment and “NOT” a YES or NO answer assignment. You are expected to answer each question with at least 3 short sentences, points will be deducted for using a single sentence. Title and Reference pages are required.

Expectations

• Length: a minimum of 2 pages, title page and references not included in page count
• Citations: a minimum of 2

Read Chapter on Davis Plus: Discussion of Triaxial of action: Policy, Politics,and Nursing

1- What is Policy?

2- Explain each of them:  Public policy—

Private policy—

Health policy—

Social policy—

Organizational policy?

3- Who was F

lorence Nightingale, and what was her contribution to the Nursing Field? 

4- Who was Lillian Wald?

5- Who was Margaret Sanger, and in what way she helped to the developments of Nursing Field?

6_ what is  (ICN), and what they do?

7- What is s (NLCA) and they do?

Jeanne Blum, RN, is a nurse on a LDRP unit. Recently, the policy and 

procedures manual for Jeanne’s unit included the premature rupturing of membranes of a laboring patient 

as a practice acceptable for nurses to perform. Jeanne 

and some of her coworkers shared their concern over 

lunch about this new responsibility.They felt uncomfortable with the possibility of cord prolapse and 

other potential medical complications resulting from 

this practice. Jeanne gathered data from her state and 

many others states and noted that her hospital was 

not in compliance with her professional organization

practice standards. Jeanne shared this information with her coworkers. She volunteered to contact the 

state board of nursing on their behalf to request a 

declaratory statement on the nurse’s role in the initiation of premature rupturing of uterine membranes. 

Her state board’s clinical practice committee 

reviewed her request for a declaratory statement and 

gathered information from other states. A formal 

declaratory statement was drafted by the board and 

made it available on its Web site. A letter from the 

board was sent to Jeanne’s institution, informing it of 

the declaratory statement, which stated that the task 

nurses were requested to perform was beyond their 

scope of practice based on the Nurse Practice Act.

8-Which stage of the policy model does this scenario 

represent?  ■Discussion of Triaxial of Action: Policy,Politics, and Nursin

Respond to at least two of your colleagues in one or more of the following ways:

• Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.
• Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.
• Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.
• Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.

POST 1

According to Cleary and Hunt, (2011), recent studies have shown the majority of nursing doctoral candidates are female, clinically experienced, and in their 40s or 50s at the time of starting their PhD. Based on that criteria, this writer fits exactly into that criteria. It is noted that other disciplines tend to start doctoral training much earlier (Cleary & Hunt, 2011).  As a practicing nurse of 30 years, most of it as an Associate Degree nurse the recognition of the PhD nurse was seen as a profession in a nursing league of their own. According to Michael and Clochesy, (2016), the PhD in nursing was predominant throughout the 20th century with members of the academic nursing community recognizing the need for the development of knowledge to inform practice and to promote the credibility of the profession.  Nursing theorists such as Jean Watson and Patricia Benner were game changers in the industry of theoretical nursing. The ability in achieving higher levels of education and in conducting research are hallmarks of professionalism (Houser, 2018).

This writer has a passion for teaching students and wants to be the best instructor she can be. She chose to go down the path of the PhD in Nursing education to increase skills and knowledge to improve what is delivered to students every day. The PhD is being pursued to separate myself from the growing amount of DNP faculty that she works with daily.  Being an alumni with Walden University for the MSN, it was an easy choice to pick Walden University for the terminal degree. Michael and Clochesy, (2016), states the PhD and DNP represent complementary and alternative approaches to the highest level of educational preparation in nursing. PhD programs prepare nurse scientists to conduct original research and to generate knowledge that may be broadly applicable or generalizable using advanced research designs and statistical evaluative methods. Conversely, DNP programs prepare students for advanced specialty practice at a high level of complexity with a concurrent focus on the development of knowledge and skills required for translation of evidence to improve health outcomes and health care delivery (Michael & Clochesy, 2016). 

Michael and Clochesy, (2016), also states two of the main reasons for not completing a doctoral program are financial and family stresses. Strategic plans must include financial considerations (e.g., research costs), support systems and a systemic approach to the dissertation to balance the demands successfully and complete a doctoral degree. Support from family and significant others, faculty, or fellow students is likely to result in greater positive feelings and outcomes (Michael & Clochesy, 2016). This student was fortunate enough to be able to personally finance the PhD program without creating student loans or an overwhelming financial burden on the family. She has a strong support network of family members including her husband and daughter. This writer plans to elevate her workplace position from a team leader of a fundamentals course to an associate degree program coordinator, associate degree of nursing director or dean of health sciences with the completion of her PhD in Nursing Education. 

References

Cleary, M., & Hunt, G. E. (2011). Demystifying PhDs: A review of doctorate programs designed to fulfil the needs of the next generation of nursing professionals. Contemporary Nurse: A Journal for the Australian Nursing Profession, 39(2), 273-80. Retrieved from https://ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F1022984001%3Faccountid%3D14872

Houser, J. (2018). Nursing research; Reading, using, and creating evidence (4th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning

Michael, M. J., & Clochesy, J. M. (2016). From scientific discovery to health outcomes: A synergistic model of doctoral nursing education. Nurse Education Today, 40, 84–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2016.02.011

POST 2

What does it Mean to be a Nurse with a Practice or Research Doctorate

Over the past decade, the doctoral prepared nurse role continues to evolve as healthcare organizations continue to seek qualified nurses who are geared and prepared in providing evidence-based patient-centered care. The doctorate role in nursing practice is emerging in numerous practices setting, especially hospitals, outpatient settings, and academic institutions, using guidelines to evaluate and enact new standards of care in education and practice to enhance best patient outcomes (Beeber et al., 2019).

What are the Expectations Associated with this Degree

Being a Doctor of Nurse Practice (DNP) means individuals are prepared to apply research in promoting evidence-based practice while advocating for patients. The DNP-prepared nurse provides leadership with the highest clinical expertise, which evaluates provider practices, clinical education design, and implementation translating research into practice (Greco, 2019). The Ph.D. nurse and DNP nurse work together in collaboration with the Ph.D. nurse focusing on research methodologies and ways to implement research (Hartjes et al., 2019). In other words, the Ph.D. nurse is a nurse scientist. The Ph.D. nurse research methodologies, develop theory, generalizes and replicate findings from an analysis of results to enhance quality improvement projects, and implement regulatory compliance (Hartjes et al., 2019).

How Might this be Different for a Nurse who Holds a Different Degree

The nurse who are considering a doctoral degree may choose from various education-focused degrees, such as the Doctor of Education (EdD), or a research-focused degree, such as a Ph.D. Others chose the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP). The doctoral options increase the skillset and knowledge with the ability to create policy reforms applying research into evidence-based practice. Historically, the Ph.D. degree is research-intensive and prepares the nurse for a career in academia or conducting independent research (Malloch, 2017).

How Considerations Relate to my Motivation to Pursue a Doctoral Degree now

The decision that influence my career choice in obtaining a DNP is my fellow peers. I have several colleagues who are doctorate-prepared nurses. During my clinical rotation during my MSN program, I was enormously impressed by these DNP prepared nurses. These DNP nurses were able to translate current practice guidelines and evidence-based practice into the way they care for patients, which, in my opinion, were beneficial for optimal patient care. I knew I wanted to also implement quality improvement methodologies in my practice, along with translating research into practice. The DNP degree will prepare me to become a clinical expert and a leader in health care with innovation, which will help to influence policy and practice changes at the highest organizational level (Udlis, & Mancuso, 2015).

References

Beeber, A. S., Palmer, C., Waldrop, J., Lynn, M. R., & Jones, C. B. (2019). The role of Doctor of Nursing Practice-prepared nurses in practice settings. Nursing Outlook, 67, 354-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2019.02.006

Greco, M. (2019). The lived experience of Doctor of Nursing practice in pursuit of a Doctor of Philosophy degree in nursing. International Journal of Nursing Education, 11(4), 195-199. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-9357.2019.00118.1

Hartjes, T. M., Lester, D. D, Arasi-Ruddock, L. D, McFadden, B. S.., Munro, S. P, Cowan, L. P, & Goolsby, M. J. (2019). Answering the question: Is the Doctor of Philosophy or Doctor of Nursing Practice right for me? Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 31, 439-442. https://doi.org/10.1097/JXX.000000 0000000273

Malloch, K. (2017). Leading DNP professionals. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 41(1), 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000200

Udlis, K. A., & Mancuso, J. M. (2015). Perceptions of the role of the Doctor of Nursing Practice-prepared nurse: Clarity or confusion. Journal of Professional Nursing, 31, 274-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2015.01.004

EXAMPLE OF HOW REPLY FOR POST 1 AND POST 2 LOOKS LIKE.

The doctoral education is on a slow but gradual rise between the doctor of philosophy and doctor of nursing practice (Hartjes et al., 2019). The Ph.D. programs prepare nurse scientists intending to generate new knowledge to advance nursing science. The DNP programs prepare nurses to lead interprofessional teams to improve health care quality and systems (Ketefian & Redman, 2015). It is very interesting that most nurses and clinicians seek advancement with a doctoral degree into their 40s and 50s. Can you imagine what the research and practice ladder would be like if there were more doctoral prepared nurses before age 40. Educating the future is essential. You are quite fortunate to be able to go back to school where finances or not an issue. Having family support is critical in one’s success as the demands of the programs can be overwhelming. On a positive note, being a doctorally prepared nurse will provide new and compelling future opportunities.

References

Hartjes, T. M., Lester, D. D, Arasi-Ruddock, L. D, McFadden, B. S.., Munro, S. P, Cowan, L. P, & Goolsby, M. J. (2019). Answering the question: Is the Doctor of Philosophy or Doctor of Nursing Practice right for me? Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 31, 439-442. https://doi.org/10.1097/JXX.000000 0000000273

Ketefian, S., & Redman, R. W. (2015). A critical examination of developments in nursing doctoral education in the United States. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem (RLAE), 23, 363-371. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.0797.2566