PSY 201 Midterm Exam Latest 2018

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Question 1

Researchers interested in infant perception of faces have found that

Answers:

infants prefer to look at faces over other complex objects.

faces are uniquely interesting to infants.

“when looking at faces, babies have no preference for type of face.”

babies prefer to look at male faces.

babies prefer their mother’s face.

Question 2

Anita’s mother uses the same ice cream scoop to put ice cream into one large bowl and one small bowl. Anita is upset because she thinks her brother’s small bowl holds more ice cream than her large bowl. Anita has not yet acquired

Answers:

conservation.

egocentrism.

reflexes.

assimilation.

accommodation.

Question 3

A correlation cannot be used to determine whether

Answers:

children who are friendly are also smart.

honesty in school is related to honesty at home.

intelligence is related to friendliness.

honest children have honest parents.

TV violence causes childhood aggression.

Question 4

Bowerman and other constructivist theorists maintain that the important factor in language development is

Answers:

built-in biases.

genetically programmed operating principles.

the constraints on language.

the rate of brain cell development.

the child’s construction of language.

Question 5

Research on spatial cognition indicates that

Answers:

girls’ play preferences offer them an advantage in spatial cognition.

video games decrease mental rotation abilities.

play hampers the development of spatial skills.

boys score higher than girls on spatial cognition tasks.

it is not influenced by experience.

Question 6

The sequence of pubertal changes begins about _____________________ for boys than for girls.

Answers:

one year earlier.

two years later.

two years earlier.

six months earlier.

three years later.

Question 7

A disorder that causes mental retardation that becomes progressively worse as children get older and is also strongly associated with autism is known as ________________.

Answers:

Down syndrome.

Klinefelter’s syndrome.

Fragile-X syndrome.

Turner’s syndrome.

Huntington’s disease.

Question 8

“A set of ideas that explains other people’s ideas, beliefs, desires, and behavior is a theory of”

Answers:

mind.

cognition.

personality.

mentality.

beliefs.

Question 9

Children born to poverty-level parents who were adopted into middle-class families typically have IQs that are

Answers:

identical to those of their natural parents.

10 to 15 points higher than their adoptive mothers.

10 to 15 points higher than their birth mothers.

identical to those of their adoptive parents.

not related to either set of parents.

Question 10

Which of the following statements describes Lamar’s genotype?

Answers:

He has brown hair.

He is short for his age.

He looks like his father.

He has type AB blood.

He is an overachiever.

Question 11

Frank has an IQ of 97. He would be classified as

Answers:

learning disabled.

gifted.

mentally retarded.

average.

superior.

Question 12

All of the following are part of Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory EXCEPT

Answers:

zone of proximal development.

operational efficiency.

scaffolding.

naive psychology.

the primitive stage.

Question 13

“Howard Gardner proposes eight separate types of intelligence, including all of the following EXCEPT”

Answers:

linguistic.

musical.

componential.

spatial.

interpersonal.

Question 14

“From six months on, babies begin engaging in ________, which is a sound pattern consisting of consonants and vowels.”

Answers:

cooing

babbling

gurgling

fussing

crying

Question 15

Research has shown that a newborn can

Answers:

“taste sweet and salty, but not sour or bitter.”

clearly see objects up to eight feet away.

recognize objects better than people.

discriminate his/her mother’s voice from other voices.

efficiently track a moving object.

Question 16

Watson’s Little Albert experiment demonstrated that

Answers:

children automatically fear small animals.

classical conditioning plays a role in the development of emotional responses.

operant conditioning is the only form of learning that works with infants.

conditioned stimuli are naturally occurring events.

unconditional stimuli rarely lead to long term conditioning.

Question 17

Research has shown that ____________________ is more important than family income in determining a child’s IQ.

Answers:

sibling’s IQ.

good nutrition.

limited television viewing.

quality of parent-child interactions.

activity level.

Question 18

“Billy Jean is a heavy smoker. Her doctor has warned her that research results indicate that if a mother smokes during pregnancy, the child will have”

Answers:

foreshortened or missing limbs.

vaginal cancer.

low birth weight.

learning problems in elementary school.

FAS.

Question 19

Maturation refers to

Answers:

genetically programmed sequential patterns of change

growth patterns that are not universal across cultures

growth patterns that are highly influenced by environmental factors such as practice

growth patterns that occur in adulthood only

Question 20

“According to Steiner’s research, children can first respond differentially to sweet, sour, and bitter flavors at”

Answers:

birth.

one month.

six months.

nine months.

one year.

Question 21

All of the following are common characteristics of children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) EXCEPT

Answers:

larger than normal size.

smaller brains.

distinct facial features.

heart defects.

physical deformities.

Question 22

The continuity vs. discontinuity issue in development relates to the idea that development

Answers:

may occur in stages and sequences

is characterized by critical periods

is characterized by either qualitative or quantitative changes

All of the above

Question 23

“When young children use audible language to help control or monitor their own behavior, they are exhibiting”

Answers:

overregularization.

child directed speech.

baby talk.

fast mapping.

private speech.

Question 24

A nativism theorist would believe that perceptual abilities are ________; whereas a empiricism theorist would state that perceptual abilities are ________.

Answers:

learned; inborn

inborn; genetic

acquired; learned

genetic; inborn

inborn; learned

Question 25

Renaldo is four years old and is experiencing a neurological growth spurt. What skill will he be attaining?

Answers:

evidence of some goal-directed planning

fluency in speaking and understanding language

improvements in eye-hand coordination

improvements in memory function

motor coordination

Question 26

Which of the following do reading experts suggest is critical to success in reading in the early years?

Answers:

picture books

silent reading

phonological awareness

workbooks

spelling lessons

Question 27

“When Bette saw a skunk for the first time and asked why the kitty had a big stripe, her mother explained that the animal was a skunk. Now Bette recognizes skunks are different from cats. Bette has used”

Answers:

integration.

accommodation.

discrimination.

assimilation.

organization.

Question 28

Bandura added all of the following concepts to traditional learning theory EXCEPT

Answers:

abstract modeling.

observational learning.

classical conditioning.

emphasis on cognitive elements.

intrinsic reinforcements.

Question 29

The Apgar scoring system is used to evaluate an infant’s

Answers:

status immediately after birth and then again five minutes later.

weight at birth and at one week after birth.

social responses at one day and one week after birth.

“strength of crying, blood pressure, and birth-weight immediately after birth.”

readiness to be taken home.

Question 30

“When a baby understands that her bottle still exists even when she throws it down and it disappears under the sofa, she is demonstrating”

Answers:

size constancy.

shape constancy.

object identity.

object permanence.

object constancy.

Question 31

How does Erikson’s psychoanalytic theory differ from that of Freud?

Answers:

It is described as psychosexual.

It focuses on psychosocial stages influenced by common cultural demands.

“It is based on libidial energy and incorporates the concepts of id, ego, and superego.”

It includes both a phallic and genital stage.

It states that a child’s success depends on interaction with people and objects.

Question 32

Maria’s baby has just started to see colors. Her baby is how old?

Answers:

12 months

9 months

6 months

3 months

1 month

Question 33

“In comparison to adult auditory processes, newborns”

Answers:

hear nearly as well in the range of pitch and loudness of the human voice.

have poorer hearing at some pitches but the same hearing at all loudness levels.

have more acuity with high-pitched sounds.

have better auditory acuity at all pitches and loudness levels.

have less acuity at all pitches and loudness levels.

Question 34

Piaget believed that cognitive development is

Answers:

characterized by great irregularities.

shaped by the environment.

“an active process of exploration, manipulation, and examination.”

random and unpredictable.

based on personality factors.

Question 35

It is most accurate to describe the genetic material in the nucleus of the cell as

Answers:

“DNA, which contains chromosomes and genes.”

“chromosomes composed of DNA, which has segments called genes.”

“genes, which contain DNA and are found on chromosomes.”

“separate bodies called genes, chromosomes, and DNA.”

46 genes made up of DNA.

Question 36

“In research on infant perception, a common research strategy presents an infant with some stimulus until s/he stops responding to it. Then a new stimulus that differs from the first in some specific respect (e.g., color) is presented to see if the infant now responds. This strategy involves the use of what basic process?”

Answers:

preference

scanning

constancy

dishabituation

conditioning

Question 37

Current evidence suggests that full (adult-level) visual acuity is reached by what age?

Answers:

6 months

2 years

3-4 years

10-11 years

puberty

Question 38

Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of development

Answers:

emphasizes conscious drives rather than unconscious drives

proposes that the superego is the part of the personality that operates under the pleasure principle.

is characterized by psychosexual stages including the oral, anal, phallic,latency, and genital stages

proposes that defense mechanisms are the result of conscious efforts to resolve conflict.

Question 39

The great majority of neurons are apparently formed

Answers:

by two years after birth.

at birth.

in the third trimester of pregnancy.

between 10 and 18 weeks into gestation.

at conception.

Question 40

“According to Piaget, assimilation involves”

Answers:

changing a scheme as a result of new information taken in.

deriving generalizable schemes from specific experiences.

being shaped by the environment.

taking in an event or experience and making it part of a scheme.

an inborn need to put things in order.

Question 41

Which of the following statements describes the person’s phenotype?

Answers:

Maria’s 23rd chromosome pair is XX.

Mark’s blood type is AO.

Jill is a carrier of cystic fibrosis.

Larry has brown hair.

Mel has Trisomy 21.

Question 42

Fenson’s research on language indicates that children s first words appear by the age of

Answers:

5 months.

7 months.

9 months.

11 months.

12-13 months.

Question 43

Studies of a wide variety of language communities have revealed that

Answers:

Asian children skip the prelinguistic phase.

Western children tend to use language before they understand it.

the prelinguistic phase is identical in all language communities.

there is no set pattern for language development.

all language development is genetically programmed.

Question 44″Piaget’s four stages, in order, are”

Answers:

“sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational.”

“preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational.”

“preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational, sensorimotor.”

“sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational.”

“formal operational, concrete operational, preoperational, sensorimotor.”

Question 45

“Intelligence tests were intended to measure ________, while achievement tests were designed to measure ________.”

Answers:

competence; performance

knowledge; aptitude

performance; competence

aptitude; competence

competence; knowledge

Question 46

What part of the brain becomes the focus of developmental processes during the 10-to-12-year-old neurological growth spurt?

Answers:

medulla

midbrain

frontal lobes

parietal lobes

Brainstem

Question 47

Whether a child’s development is controlled by innate factors or environmental influences is referred to as

Answers:

continuity vs. discontinuity

nature vs. nurture

maturation vs. genetics

idealism vs. rationalism

Question 48

The ecological perspective in developmental psychology

Answers:

uses evolutionary theory to explain inborn patterns of behaviors.

emphasizes teaching children about protection of the natural environment.

looks at the context in which the child grows up.

applies theories of animal behavior to understanding human behavior.

was first suggested by Hall.

Question 49

Which theorist is most strongly associated with nativist theories of language?

Answers:

Skinner

Freud

Chomsky

Piaget

Vygotsky

Question 50

“Babies vary in the way they react to new things, in their typical moods, in their rate of activity, in the regularity of their daily rhythms, etc. These variations usually go by the name of”

Answers:

temperament.

states.

habituation.

instincts.

conditioning.

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Forum 1 Replies

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Each reply must be minimum 250 word APA format cited referenced biblical worldview

 

Keyvan Geula (2004). Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Development. Retrieved from

http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/CGIE/guela.pdf

Love, P. & Talbot, D. (2009). Defining spiritual development: A missing consideration

for student affairs. Retrieved from

https://www-tandfonline-com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/doi/pdf/10.2202/1949-6605.5035?ne
Access=true.

Wong, D., Hall, K.R., Justice, C.A., Hernandez, L.W. (2015). Counseling Individuals Through

the Lifespan, (pp. 26-27). London, England: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

Lachelle 

After reviewing this week’s readings I decided that the human growth and developmental theory I would like to discuss will be on Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Developmental Theory. The reason I choose Erikson’s because he proposed a stage theory of development, but his theory encompassed human growth throughout the entire lifespan. Erikson’s theory was an extension of Sigmund Freud’s theories that highlighted the essential role played by early childhood experiences (Wong et al., 2015). Unlike Freud, who focused on early childhood with an emphasis on biological instinctual urges as key to human development, Erik Erikson presented a model emphasizing the challenges and tasks presented across one’s lifespan as key to understanding human development (Wong et al., 2015).

Erikson theory helped individuals understand how important it is for one to be successful at having healthy development as they go through each stage of life. Erikson’s theory also helped coin the term “crisis” (Wong et al., 2015). Erikson felt that these psychosocial crises were based on physiological development interacting with the demands put on he indivdiual by parents and society (Wong et al., 2015). For example, during the Identity vs. Role Confusion stage, it is important for the adolescent (12-18) to understand themselves and how they fit into the surrounding world (Wong et al., 2015).  If an individual does not understand one’s self then the next stage is Intimacy vs Isolation and it will be very difficult for them to develop meaningful relationships over the lifespan. Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory supports the idea that having success or failure in dealing with the conflicts at each stage can impact the overall development of a human.

The article Defining Spiritual Development: A Missing Consideration for Student Affairs by Patrick Love and Donna Talbot provided some very insightful conclusions about spirituality and spiritual development. After reviewing the article, proposition five really stood out to me which is, “Spiritual development involves an increasing openness to exploring a relationship with an intangible and pervasive power or essence that exists beyond human existence and rational human knowing (Love & Talbot, 2009). This means that human existence is deeper than what we see in our everyday world and this is where religion and spirituality come into play. Related to transcendence, as one develops spirituality there is a growing recognition of a spirit or force larger than oneself; a force accessible only through faith, hope, love, and other nonrational aspects of human experience (Love & Talbot, 2009).

In the article Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Development (2004) it states that “Self-regulation, which is seen as fundamentally emotion regulation, is the essence of spiritual development. Emotional communication whether with one’s parents or the object of one’s devotions in prayer is the fundamental manner in which one mind connects with another” (Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Development, 2004). Emotional development and spiritual development have major influences on the development of a human being. The human development is very complex and there is a lot of theorists that have made great arguments that support the evidence that has been found, although Erik Erikson’s developmental theory was very detailed to help understand lifespan. The proposition found in the article Defining Spiritual Development: A Missing Consideration for Student Affairs does help support that emotional development is key to one having a healthy emotional development over a lifespan.

Darcy 

 

Liberty University Custom: Granello, D. H., & Young, M. E. (2019). Counseling today: Foundations of professional identity (2nd ed p. 30). Boston, MA: Pearson.

Liberty University Custom: Wong, D., Hall, K. R., Justice, C. A., and Hernandez, L. W.  (2015). Human growth and development (Custom Package pp. 28-30).Thousand Oaks, CA:  Sage Publication.

Love, Patrick & Talbot, Donna (2009) Defining Spiritual Development: A Missing Consideration for Student Affairs, NASPA Journal, 46:4, 614-628, DOI: 10.2202/1949-6605.5035

Shook, M. (Producer). (2017, March 22). Spirituality and religion in counseling: definitions, competencies, and spiritual bypass with Craig Cashwell [Audio Podcast]. The thoughtful counselor. Retrieved from http://wp.me/p7R6fn-9k

One of the first and formative cognitive theories developed in the 1920’s by Jean Piaget is shaped by the idea that there are 4 clearly defined stages of childhood cognitive development. Each of these stages gives the child a way to perceive the world and to be able to construct meaning according to their developing ability in that particular stage of childhood. Piaget also believed that these stages were based on physical maturation and that the child’s environment could be instrumental in the rate of progress but didn’t vary from child to child and each stage was experienced by all children (Wong & Hall & Justice & Hernandez, 2015). The first stage is from birth to 18-24 months and is called sensorimotor because of the emphasis of the sensory skills as the way the infant starts to experience the world. The second stage is called the preoperational stage and occurs between the ages of 2-7. During this stage, the child is egocentric and begins to experience the world through his own perceptions. The third stage, called concrete, is when the child can observe concrete problems and objects and understand his environment through that lens. The fourth and final stage comes after the age of 11 when the child begins to think in more abstract terms. It is during this time that they can logically think about ideas that are abstract such as the future (Wong et. al, 2015).

Piaget was a biologist and he gathered information by observing children. Though his theory has not held up to the test of time, it has been significant to our understanding of human growth and development because it was the first time that children had been studied to show that children think differently than adults (Granello & Young, 2019). He is also credited, “with discovering that thoughts, not just experience, contribute to human development” (Wong et. al, 2015).

Piaget’s theory, based on physical and psychological development, overlooked the element of spiritual development. Spiritual development teaches us how we derive meaning, purpose and direction in life (Love & Talbot, 1999). When we overlook this critical aspect of development, it “may temporize and appear to be not occurring at all or even regressing” (Love & Talbot, 1999). In recent years, spiritual development has been brought back into the counseling arena as practitioners have recognized that it is important to the general well-being of people (Cashwell, 2017).

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Public Health Major discussion questions HSC3002

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HSC3002 – Environmental Health 

NO Plagiarism, NO Copy / Paste, Please – Include References

Please READ the instructions and answer the questions throughout. You must be up to date with environmental issues and events.

*Please keep same layout—DO NOT DELETE THE QUESTIONS*

*IF IT HAS A QUESTION MARK IT NEEDS TO BE ANSWERED*

*Please DO AS EACH BULLET SAYS*

If you would like to make your own layout you can, but please keep questions!

* Do Not Inquire If You Do Not Know What You’re Talking About! *

Week 1 – Question 1:

1. What are the laws that were in effect, or should have been in effect, at the time when the environmental issue occurred?

Recent Environmental Issues versus the Environmental Health Laws

The media are replete with examples of environmental issues exposing us to health risks. The growing concern of environmental issues is the reason why the environmental health laws, such as CAA and CWA, were introduced in the 1970s. There have been several amendments throughout these years.

Research on examples of the following topics:

  • Environmental      Issues that Have Occurred in Last One Year
  • Major Environmental      Health Laws that Have Been Introduced in Past Ten Years

· On the basis of your research and understanding of the topic, answer the following questions:

  • In the past      one year, which environmental health issue is the most grave one and why?
  • What is the      role of various government agencies that are charged with enforcing and      evaluating the impact of the law?
  • How have      the government agencies been able to assess the gravity of the issue?
  • Which one      is the most important environmental health law that has been introduced      within the past few years and why?
  • Analyze the      intended impact of environmental health laws on your local community.

Week 2 – Question 2:

2. What do you think is the impact of these events on the communities where they occurred?

Environmental Epidemiology and Health Hazards

Environmental epidemiology is the primary scientific discipline that establishes exposure-disease relationships in environmental health. For example, epidemiologists determined that exposure to asbestos causes mesothelioma. This is one example of chemical agent leading to health hazards. Other environmental hazards, such as air and water pollution, have been linked to adverse health outcomes.

Research on the following topics:

  • Significant Episodes in which an Environmental Hazard      Caused Adverse Health Outcomes in Humans
  • Three Major Historical Events in Environmental      Epidemiology

· On the basis of your research and your readings and understanding of the above topics, answer the following questions:

  • Which environmental hazard, such as the pollutant or      pollutants, caused the most adverse health outcomes and why?
  • What are the various adverse health outcomes that      occurred as a result of exposure to the environmental hazard?
  • What are the steps that were taken to prevent the      adverse health outcomes from occurring? Should there be any other step      that was necessary to prevent the adverse health outcome? Explain.
  • Suggest the ways to prevent future occurrences of      such episodes.
  • Is there an association between environmental hazards      and adverse health outcomes in humans? Why or why not?
  • Analyze and explain the exposure-disease relationship      for each of these three events.

· What do you think is the impact of these events on the communities where they occurred?

Week 3 – Question 3:

3. Explain the association between exposure to pesticides and health effects?

Health Effects of Exposures to Pesticides

Pesticides have a broad application, including their use in occupational and nonoccupational settings. Many pesticides have been linked to adverse health effects, and as a result, have been banned from use.

Research on episodes of exposure to pesticides that caused adverse health outcomes in humans. Choose one episode and respond to the following questions:

· What are the health effects that the pesticide exposure caused in humans?

· What are the steps that could have been taken to prevent the adverse health outcomes from occurring?

· What are the changes required in the existing law that could discourage the reoccurrence of such exposures?

· Apart from law enforcement, what are the other ways to prevent future occurrences of such episodes?

Week 4 – Question 4:

4. Discuss the association between environmental pollution and hazards to aquatic life?

Environmental Hazards Due to Polluted Air and Water

Many environmental hazards, such as air and water pollution, have been linked to adverse health outcomes not only in humans but also in aquatic life.

Research on episodes in which environmental pollution caused hazards to the aquatic environment. Choose one episode and answer the following questions:

  • What were the main pollutants that caused hazards to      aquatic life?
  • How did these pollutants affect the      health of aquatic life adversely?
  • What are the various ways to      prevent occurrences of such episodes in the future? Explain how these ways      will help in the prevention of such episodes.

Week 5 – Question 5:

5. What is the intended impact of food safety–related law on your local (Georgia) community?

Safety of Food from Carcinogens: 

The Office of Food Additive Safety (OFAS) at the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) of FDA is charged with, among other responsibilities, regulating industry to ensure that food contact substances and food additives are safe.

Research on major regulations related to food safety. On the basis of your research, answer the following questions:

  • What are the ten microbiological      agents that are implicated in food-borne illness? What are the measures      for preventing food-borne illness?
  • Describe practical methods for the      prevention of food-borne illness and indicate how you apply them in your      home or business.
  • What are the procedures that a      local health department might use for investigating an outbreak of      food-borne illness?
  • Explain a major regulation for      protecting food from carcinogens and discuss its purpose. Do you think      there should be any change in this regulation? Why or why not?

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Case Study: The Hexadecimal Company

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Throughout this course you will complete a series of Case Study Applications that will allow you to apply your learning at a deeper, more comprehensive level. The cases will give you the opportunity to practice the skills of an OD practitioner. You will be presented with realistic scenarios that OD practitioners regularly experience in their work. This week, your case study is the Hexadecimal Company (attached). As you read through the case, consider the facts, organizational objectives, policies, strategies, problems, unresolved issues, and roles of the key participants. Also, consider the critical competencies you, as an organizational change practitioner, might apply to this case, as well as any ethical issues that might arise within the organization.

To prepare:

  • Read “The Hexadecimal Company” case study located in Chapter 6 of the course text.
  • Analyze the case using “The Hexadecimal Company Case Analysis Form” located at the end of the case study.

To complete:

Submit a 3 page paper that addresses the following:

  • Identify the organization’s objectives and policies.
  • Describe the organization’s problems and unresolved issues.
  • Describe any ethical issues faced by this organization.
  • Explain what steps the organization should take to improve.
  • Identify the critical competencies that an OD practitioner would need in order to help this organization effectively improve.
  • Describe your plan of action if you were the OD practitioner in this situation.

Note: Include the completed “The Hexadecimal Case Analysis Form” with your paper (Attached)

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Mental Health Consultation

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Prior to beginning work on this assignment, it is recommended that you read Chapter 1 in Turning Points in Dynamic Psychotherapy: Initial Assessment, Boundaries, Money, Disruptions and Suicidal Crises and Chapters 1, 2, and 4 in The Psychiatric Interview: Evaluation and Diagnosis.

For this assignment, you will take on the role of a mental health professional providing a consultation to a colleague. Your colleague in this case happens to be a licensed clinical psychologist. Carefully review the PSY645 Fictional Mental Health Consultation Scenario (Links to an external site.) which provides information on your colleague’s patient and specific questions your colleague has posed to you as a consultant. Once you have reviewed the scenario, research a minimum of two peer-reviewed articles in the  related to the situation(s) presented in the scenario and how these have been approached and treated in previous cases.

Write an evaluation of the patient’s symptoms and presenting problems within the context of one theoretical orientation (e.g., psychoanalytic, cognitive, behavioral, humanistic, etc.). Summarize views of these symptoms and presenting problems within the context of at least one historical perspective and two theoretical orientations different from the one used in your evaluation (e.g.:, cognitive, humanistic, psychodynamic, integrative) in order to provide alternative viewpoints. To conclude, justify the use of diagnostic manuals and handbooks besides the DSM-5 that might be used to assess this prospective patient.

The Mental Health Consultation:

  • Must be two to three double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and  must be formatted according to APA style
  • Must include a separate title page with the following:
    • Title of paper
    • Student’s name
    • Course name and number
    • Instructor’s name
    • Date submitted
  • Must use at least two peer-reviewed sources in addition to the course text.
  • Must document all sources in APA style
  • Must include a separate references page

Tasman, A., Kay, J., & Ursano, R. J. (2013). The psychiatric interview: Evaluation and diagnosis.Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com

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Week 11 Discussion Response to Classmates

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I NEED THIS 02/13/21 BY 5PM

Please no plagiarism and make sure you are able to access all resources on your own before you bid. You need to have scholarly support for any claim of fact or recommendation regarding treatment. Grammar, Writing, and APA Format: I expect you to write professionally, which means APA format, complete sentences, proper paragraphs, and well-organized and well-documented presentation of ideas. Remember to use scholarly research from peer-reviewed articles that is current. Sources such as Wikipedia, Ask.com, PsychCentral, and similar sites are never acceptable. Each classmate’s post is listed so please respond separately.

Read your classmates’ postings. Respond to your classmates’ postings.

  • Respond to all colleagues by discussing the      elements of the mini script that you liked, and why. What might you add or      have said differently?

1. Classmate (S.G-C)

The terms complementary and alternative have been interchanged when discussing use of non-mainstream therapies with traditional medicines. However, the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) (2018), shows us how incorrect we are when discussing theses options with clients. Complementary means to add non-traditional/mainstream treatments, such as vitamins, yoga, massage, or even meditation, acupuncture, or chiropractic to traditional medications/treatments to treat a client’s complex issues. Alternative means to do the forementioned non-traditional/mainstream treatments in place of traditional medicines/treatments.

Complementary/Alternative Therapies: How Preconceived Ideas Affect Options Given to Client

As a counselor, if I only treat clients with traditional methods and medicines and do not believe that non-traditional methods (such as those mentioned above) have a place in counseling or that they are “hogwash” then I am not a professionally responsible counselor according the ACA (2014).  Further, it limits the level of care that can be given to the client as well as the amount of success in treatment outcomes.

Importance of Counselors Being Well Informed About Alternative Treatments

When a counselor is ill-informed or oblivious to treatment options available, we are doing a disservice to the client and creating potential harm. According to the ACA’s code of ethics (2014) counselors avoid bringing harm to clients as well as maintain competence in skills by utilizing continuing education opportunities to stay abreast of the latest and most evidence-based practices. A counselor that is well-informed and knowledgeable about complementary and alternative treatments have many options to present to clients that either have had trouble tolerating traditional treatments, do not wish to take traditional medicines, or need a something more than traditional methods can offer (NCCIH, 2018). The key is to know your client and know the research and present the best options for your client, instead of overwhelming them with twenty different choices that can leave them frustrated and confused.

See ACA, 2014 sections:

A.4.a. Avoiding Harm

Counselors act to avoid harming their clients, trainees, and research participants and to minimize or to remedy unavoidable or unanticipated harm.

C.2.f. Continuing Education

Counselors recognize the need for continuing education to acquire and maintain a reasonable level of awareness of current scientific and professional information in their fields of activity. Counselors maintain their competence in the skills they use, are open to new procedures, and remain informed regarding best practices for working with diverse populations.

Expanding Awareness of Alternative Therapies

Expanding awareness of complementary and alternative therapies through continuing education and personal research to learn more about the latest treatment options, clients will get an exceptional level of care that will promote their mental well-being as well as their physical well-being. By joining professional associations such and the ACA and other reputable psychotherapy associations, counselors can be kept well-informed of the latest technology, research, treatments, and therapies that continue to evolve yearly.

Reference

American Counseling Association. (2014). 2014 ACA code of ethics. https://www.counseling.org/docs/default-source/default-document-library/2014-code-of-ethics-finaladdress.pdf

National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) (2018). Complementary, alternative or integrative health: What’s in a name? Retrieved from https://nccih.nih.gov/health/integrative-health

2. Classmate (T. Dav)

How can your own preconceived ideas about complementary and alternative therapies affect the options that you suggest to a client? 

Bias can be bad for any business but as a counselor we have to always have to be unbiased. We have to keep our own opinions and ideas to our self. I know that I don’t believe  in taking medications but would never push my views on medication use to my clients. I believe that each individual has their own views on the use of medication and if my client has a positive experience with medication use I will not try to persuade them not to use. I think that under certain circumstances medication use with certain diagnosis is required.

How important is it that counselors be well informed about alternative treatments? 

I think that in order for a counselor to be able to effectively work with clients they have to be knowledgeable about the different alternatives that a client may need. Often times counselors may see clients who may be concerned about the side effects of a medication and it will be up to the counselor to be able to discuss the medication with the client. The counselor would also need to be able to discuss side effects and or any other information that the client would like to know about the medication.

How can you expand your awareness of alternative therapies? 

I will utilize the information that I have learned from my studies along with doing additional research on my own to gain knowledge of alternative therapies. I also plan to take additional classes to stay up to date with different therapies that will be beneficial to the population that I plan to serve in the future. This class have given me insight on a variety of therapies and I plan to enhance on what I have already learned.

3. Classmate (C.D-B)

Introduction

Today there are evolving alternative therapies and medication to treat various medical mental heath and pain conditions. Often counselors will see a clients who have concerns regarding treatment and the side effect associated with it. Counselors are quickly learning other alternative than will lessening the risk.

Preconceived ideas about complementary and alternative therapies

The field in which counselor practice is fast approaching new alternatives to the traditional medical treatment. The terms “complementary,” “alternative,” and “integrative” are continually evolving, along with the field. The terms “complementary,” “alternative,” and “integrative” are continually evolving, along with the field, In my professional opinion I would not base my preconceived ideas regarding alternative therapies. People have the right to choose an option that would reduce pain or symptoms and proven to affective. According to Sinacola, Peter-Strickland & Wyner (2020). states” unexplained or multiple somatic symptoms are the leading cause of outpatient medical visits and the predominant reason patients with common mental disorders, such as anxiety and depression, initially present themselves in primary care (p.119). People have multiple conditions are referred as multimorbidity. I would recommend thorough research and reviews to the alternative medication for the mind and body. Therefore, if the therapy would reduce pain or decrease symptoms. I would agree. However, years ago many people would not take medications but would herbs and home remedies to treat themselves. (Sinacola et.al, 2020) states biobehavioral factors that show robust associations with markers of inflammation include variables such as diet, smoking, coffee consumption, alcohol consumption, exercise, and sleep disruption.

The importance of informed alternative treatments?

Counselor’s should be educated and trained in the field to adequately advise or suggest the therapies. Counselor must always stay informed with any information or update made available for the general interest of the public. However, years ago many people would not take medications but would herbs and home remedies to treat themselves. (Sinacola et.al, 2020) states biobehavioral factors that show robust associations with markers of inflammation include variables such as diet, smoking, coffee consumption, alcohol consumption, exercise, and sleep disruption. The natural products to consider  includes a variety of products, such as herbs (also known as botanicals), vitamins and minerals, and probiotics (NCCIH, 2018) They are widely marketed, readily available to consumers, and often sold as dietary supplements (NCCIH et.al, 2018) Other options are The mind and body practices consist of  acupuncture, relaxation techniques (such as breathing exercises, guided imagery, and progressive muscle relaxation), tai chi, qi gong, hypnotherapy.

Expanding awareness of alternative therapies

Counselor’s will continue to educate, train and advocate for positive change. It is extremely important to maintain a level of education, stay informed of procedures and process of different alternatives evolving as medications, treatment therapies consistently changing. Regarding the client’s mother discuss the options that has been considered. Provide information that will back the facts.

References

Sinacola, R. S., Peters-Strickland, T., & Wyner, J. D. (2020). Basic psychopharmacology for mental health professionals (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Pearson.

National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (2018). Complementary, alternative or integrative health: What’s in a name? Retrieved from https://nccih.nih.gov/health/integrative-health.

Required Resources

Sinacola, R. S., Peters-Strickland, T., & Wyner, J. D. (2020). Basic psychopharmacology for mental health professionals (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Pearson.

· Chapter 14, “Treatment of Comorbidity and Other Disorders”

Optional Resources

Borenstein, J. (2018, April 2). How chronic stress affects neural circuitry [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/brain-and-behavior/201804/how-chronic-stress-affects-neural-circuitry

Docter, P., & del Carmen, R. (Directors). (2015). Inside out [Motion picture]. United States. Pixar Animation Studios

National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (2018). Complementary, alternative or integrative health: What’s in a name? Retrieved from https://nccih.nih.gov/health/integrative-health

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Revised Synthesis – Researcher Skills

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Synthesis is the act of creating something new from multiple existing entities. Synthesis of research, then, is creating a new idea from existing ideas. Synthesis of research is not a single innate skill. Rather, it is a process learned through time and practice. At the doctoral level, writing is a continual process of revision as learners improve skills and build subject matter expertise.

In Topic 4, you submitted a Synthesis Paper and received both feedback from your instructor and a grade for your work. In this assignment, you will expand upon your original paper with additional research from additional sources, incorporate feedback from your instructor, and provide a reflection section addressing your revision process.

General Requirements:

Use the following information to ensure successful completion of the assignment:

  • Locate the Synthesis Paper you completed in Topic 4 and the feedback provided by your instructor.
  • Locate and download the Revised Synthesis Paper Supplemental Articles List.
  • This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
  • Doctoral learners are required to use APA 7th style for their writing assignments.
  • Refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association for specific guidelines related to doctoral-level writing. The manual contains essential information on manuscript structure and content, clear and concise writing, and academic grammar and usage.

Directions:

Locate the Synthesis Paper you completed in Topic 4.

Select two additional articles from the Revised Synthesis Paper Supplemental Articles List in the topic Resources.

Using the feedback provided by your instructor and information from the two additional articles you selected, write a Revised Synthesis Paper with Reflection (1,450-1,800 words). Include the following in your paper:

  1. A Reflection (270-300 words) in which you discuss your revision process and how you incorporated your instructor’s feedback into the revised version. Like the format of an abstract, this section will receive its own page following the title page and preceding the Introduction.
  2. An introduction that provides context for the topic. This includes presenting a clear thesis statement.
  3. Support for your identified themes with evidence from each original article. You must also incorporate additional support from sources included on the supplemental articles list. Synthesize your discussion of the topic to support your thesis.
  4. A conclusion that demonstrates support of your thesis statement, brief summary of the main points from your two themes, and recommendations for future research on the topic.

See attachments for further instructions:

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classical conditioning

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In this assignment you will learn to identify the components of classical conditioning in real life situations. Please identify appropriate components in each of the situations listed below and write two paragraph summary sharing what you learned in this assignment.

1. Geraldine had an automobile accident at the corner of 32nd Street and Cherry Avenue. Whenever she approaches the intersection now, she begins to feel uncomfortable; her heart begins to beat faster, she gets butterflies in her stomach, and her palms become sweaty.
US:
UR:
CS:
CR:
2. Calvin was chased and assaulted by an aggressive rooster when he was just barely three years old. As an adult he still gets little blips in his stomach when he hears the word rooster, and he claims that birds make him nervous.
US:
UR:
CS:
CR:
Why do all birds make Calvin nervous?
Why does the word “rooster” cause him to have belly blips?
3. When Jim met Judy, it was love at first sight. Jim cannot explain why it is that Judy turns him on because he knows girls that are prettier and who have more outstanding personalities. At their wedding, a perceptive family friend commented that there is something about Judy that reminds her of Jim’s mother; maybe it is the way she smiles, or the pattern of freckles across her nose.
US:
UR:

This assignment must be submitted in “doc” or “ docx.” format. Additionally, it must be typed, double spaced, Times New Roman font (size 12), one inch margins on all sides. Type the question followed by your answer to the question. A title page is to be included. The title page is to contain the title of the assignment, your name, the instructor’s name, the course title, and the date. All assignments must be submitted in “Blackboard by by clicking on the Assignment link under the appropriate weekly unit and clicking on Browse to attach your work as a .doc or .docx.

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THE BIG FIVE INVENTORY. (PSYCHOLOGY)

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ATTACHED ARE MY SCORES AND THE FIVE DIMENSIONS OF PERSONALITY DESCRIPTION.

 

Background:  The Big Five Inventory (BFI) is a personality test that is based on McCrae and Costa’s Five Factor theory.  This assignment is intended to help you learn more about five factor theory and increase your understanding of how objective tests of personality are administered, scored, and interpreted.

1.        1.Take the test:   A PDF copy of the BFI is available in the handouts section of Blackboard.  Print a copy and take the test, following the instructions at the top of the form.

2.       2.Score the test:  Use the instructions for scoring the BFI, also available in the handouts section on Blackboard.  You will end up with five separate numbers, one for each dimension of personality described by Five Factor Theory.

3.Interpret the test:  In your textbook, read about the five dimensions of personality described by Five Factor Theory.  Your scores on the BFI represent the degree to which each of the five dimensions reflect your personality.  Based on the descriptions, write an essay that briefly describes each of the five dimensions, and reflects on the validity of the BFI as a means of evaluating these dimensions.  Do you feel that the test is an accurate representation of your personality? Complete answers tend to be one page long.

4.

5.       More information:    If you would like more information about the BFI, you may find the following links helpful:

http://psychology.about.com/od/personalitydevelopment/a/bigfive.htm

http://www.ets.org/s/workforce_readiness/pdf/21334_big_5.pdf

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A new classification (or possibly multiple classifications) to replace the authors’ young and middle adulthood classification A definition of your new classification(s) Support for your new classification(s). for example, this support may include referenc

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 socw 6210 Human Behavior & Social Environment II, WK 2 Discussion: Claaification of Life-Span Development.

When did you become an adult? Was it the day you graduated from high school? Or, was it the day you moved out of your parents’ or caregivers’ home? Your description of what it means to be an adult and how and when an adolescent transitions into adulthood may differ from that of your colleagues.

The authors of your course text, Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman, use the term young and middle adulthood to identify the life-span time period between age 18 and 65. This classification distinguishes this time in the life of an individual from childhood and adolescence and from the later years of adulthood.

Is the authors’ young and middle adulthood classification a useful one? What is especially useful and not useful about the classification? What changes would you make to the authors’ classification to make it more applicable to your role as a social worker?

For this Discussion, you analyze the author’s life-span classification and suggest ways to improve it.

 

  • A new classification (or possibly multiple classifications) to replace the authors’ young and middle adulthood classification
  • A definition of your new classification(s)
  • Support for your new classification(s). for example, this support may include references to theory and empirical research findings and should reflect the current understanding of biological, psychological, and social development
  • An implication your new classification might have regarding social work practice

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