The book discusses several applications of working memory in academic and clinical contexts. For example, working memory spans are highly correlated to performance in school. We also learned how individuals dealing with certain clinical disorders show consistent trends in their phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive spans. After reviewing these findings, I want you to come up with another application of working memory.
Search the internet for a media or scientific article about how working memory is related to some particular ability, behavior, or skill. You can also think of your own idea of an area/domain in which you believe working memory might be important and then search online to see if you find support for it. For example, here is an article about : Working Memory and Learning in Children (Links to an external site.).
The article YOU find must NOT be about any academic ability (such as schooling or intelligence) or clinical disorders discussed in the book (i.e., ADHD, MDD, or Anxiety).
I want you to find a novel application that was not considered in the book and then complete the following:
1. Paragraph 1: Summarize the article you found. Make sure your summary answers the following two questions:
What skill/ability/behavior does it discuss as associated with working memory?
How does working memory contribute to this skill/ability/behavior ?
2. Paragraph 2: Answer the following: What working memory component (i.e., phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, or central executive) seems to be most important for the application you found? Why? This response could be based on information in the article or your own predictions given what you learned about each working memory component. Be sure to explain your answer.
Be sure to Include the link that that article you found.
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Experiences of schizophrenia are not homogeneous; there is wide variety in onset, course of illness, and combinations of symptoms. Social workers need to be able to understand the different manifestations and pathways of the illness to plan interventions. Social work services play a key role in stabilizing crises, supporting family coping, and influencing overall quality of life and outcomes of individuals with schizophrenia. In this Assignment, you practice applying this necessary individualization.
Reading:
Morrison, J. (2014). Diagnosis made easier (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
· Chapter 5, “Coping with Uncertainty” (pp. 43–56)
American Psychiatric Association. (2013o). Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: Author. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm02
American Psychiatric Association. (2013b). Assessment measures. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: Author. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.AssessmentMeasures
VIDEO/Transcript
Saks Schizophrenia
McGough’s Schizophrenia Youtube Video
To prepare: In the Learning Resources, focus on the associated features, development, and course of the illnesses in the schizophrenia spectrum. Also focus on descriptions of the disorder and the way it develops for different individuals.
Choose two articles from the list in the Learning Resources that apply to treatment support and interventions for the schizophrenia spectrum.
2 Articles below:
1. Cohen, A. N., Hamilton, A. B., Saks, E. R., Glover, D. L., Glynn, S. M., Brekke, J. S., & Marder, S. R. (2017). How occupationally high-achieving individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia manage their symptoms. Psychiatric Services, 68(4), 324–329. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201600031
2. Eack, S. M., Newhill, C. E., Anderson, C. M., & Rotondi, A. J. (2007). Quality of life for persons living with schizophrenia: More than just symptoms. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 30(3), 219–222. doi:10.2975/30.3.2007.219.222
USE 3 – 4 Scholarly resources
1. Park, S., Lee, K., & Choi J. (2016). Factor Structure of the Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity in Patients with Schizophrenia. Retrieved from http://www.psychiatryinvestigation.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.4306/pi.2016.13.2.253
2. Üstün,T.B., N. Kostanjsek, S Chatterji, J Rehm (2010). Measuring Health and Disability: Manual for WHO Disability Assessment 2.0. Retrieved from http://www.city-data.com/city/Corning-Arkansas.html
3. Jones C1, Hacker D, Meaden A, Cormac I, Irving CB, Xia J, Zhao S, Shi C, Chen J., . (2018). Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care versus standard care plus other psychosocial treatments for people with schizophrenia.. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30480760
4. Beels, C. C. (2016). Social Support and Schizophrenia. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/aeb9/1530b4e95a94f263340569dfb11546f8802d.pdf
Write a 3- to 4-page paper, supported by at least 3-4 scholarly resources (including both required and additional resources), in which you address the following:
Address on:
· Compare Saks’s and McGough’s experiences with schizophrenia, specifically referencing the positive and negative symptoms they each experienced.
· Explain how you would use the Clinician Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity measure and the WHODAS to help confirm your diagnosis.
· Identify in what ways their cases are typical or atypical of the illness in terms of onset, associated features, development, and course. Support your response with references to scholarly resources.
· Explain how you would plan treatment and individualize it for these two individuals. Support your response with references to scholarly resources. In your explanation, consider the following questions:
o What are the long-term challenges for someone living with the illness?
o What social, family, vocational, and medical supports are needed for long-term stabilization?
o How might treatment look similar or different for Saks and McGough, given they have the same diagnosis?
· Briefly explain how race/ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, religion, or other identity characteristics may influence an individual’s experience with schizophrenia.
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People often take shortcuts in problem solving and quickly arrive at answers. Known as heuristics, these shortcuts may increase the speed of decisions but may also decrease the accuracy of those decisions. The experiment used in this assignment deals with inaccurate decisions based on the conjunction fallacy, where people think the chance of two events happening at the same time is greater than just one event occurring. However, the chance of one event occurring is greater than two events occurring; hence, the fallacy.
Access the CogLab demonstration Typical Reasoning. Follow the instructions to complete the demonstration. Next, answer the following questions:
For this demonstration, on average, do participants give higher ratings for single events or conjunctions of events? Based on the demonstration results, did you make your judgments by using objective probabilities? Why or why not?
What is a stereotype? How do stereotypes relate to the findings of this demonstration?
Respond to the following two situations:
You and two of your coworkers have just interviewed a candidate for a job opening at your law firm. Your boss asks you what inferences you made about the candidate during the interview. What can you do to maximize your likelihood of making a correct inference?
John is a young, energetic, muscular, and outgoing individual. Estimate the following for him:
He is tall and likes sports
He is tall, likes sports, and has lots of friends
Write your initial response in 4–5 paragraphs. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
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People often take shortcuts in problem solving and quickly arrive at answers. Known as heuristics, these shortcuts may increase the speed of decisions but may also decrease the accuracy of those decisions. The experiment used in this assignment deals with inaccurate decisions based on the conjunction fallacy, where people think the chance of two events happening at the same time is greater than just one event occurring. However, the chance of one event occurring is greater than two events occurring; hence, the fallacy.
Access the CogLab demonstration Typical Reasoning. Follow the instructions to complete the demonstration. Next, answer the following questions:
For this demonstration, on average, do participants give higher ratings for single events or conjunctions of events? Based on the demonstration results, did you make your judgments by using objective probabilities? Why or why not?
What is a stereotype? How do stereotypes relate to the findings of this demonstration?
Respond to the following two situations:
You and two of your coworkers have just interviewed a candidate for a job opening at your law firm. Your boss asks you what inferences you made about the candidate during the interview. What can you do to maximize your likelihood of making a correct inference?
John is a young, energetic, muscular, and outgoing individual. Estimate the following for him:
He is tall and likes sports
He is tall, likes sports, and has lots of friends
Write your initial response in 4–5 paragraphs. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
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Question One: Consider the Research by Zhu, Ziang, Fan, and Han in the text on Cross-Cultural Differences in Brain Activation When Considering the Self. What does it mean to have a self-concept that is so fused with representations of others? What does it mean to have a self-concept that is NOT fused with representations of others? What might the behavioral implications be?
Suggested Topic Heading: Self-Concept and Cross-Cultural Differences Question Two: Some psychologists have suggested that while individuals tend to use traits to describe themselves and others, this merely tells us something about the cognitive functioning of individuals and about their interpersonal perceptions– it does not tell us that traits represent the best tools for the scientific analysis of personality. How important is the fact that the layperson finds the trait a useful construct? If we accept the importance of the layperson’s use of this construct for theory development, does this also commit us to accepting the specific trait names and categorizations used by the layperson (e.g., honest, aggressive, sympathetic)?
Suggested Topic Heading: Trait Constructs Question Three: Big five terms are great for describing differences between people. But are they also good for explaining people’s behavior? Is it reasonable to say that “Liz smiled and greeted people happily because she is an extravert”? Or is that similar to saying “It is sunny and warm in San Diego this week because San Diego has nice weather”? In other words, is this sort of “explanation” one that just takes you around in circles?
Suggested Topic Heading: The Five-Factor Model Question Four: The text discusses research on brain systems involved in higher-level psychological functions, such as self-concept. How much do we learn about such psychological functions by studying the brain? In other words, since we know that some systems in the brain have to be involved in any psychological function, does an analysis of underlying neuroanatomy answer the most pressing questions about personality? Or does it leave unanswered critical questions about the ways in which these psychological capacities develop and function in the social world? In short: Can there be a neuroscience of personality?
Suggested Topic Heading: The Brain and Psychological Functions
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Forensic psychologists are important advisors to the lawyers, mediators, and judges in child custody disputes. Unfortunately, messy child-custody disputes are an all-too-common occurrence when parents divorce. In some especially difficult cases, one parent may make an allegation against the other, and sometimes these allegations are made primarily to gain the support of the courts.
As impartial evaluators, forensic psychologists provide psychological assessments with a focus on parenting. The psychologist informs the fact-finder (usually the judge). Because parenting evaluations are supposed to be impartial by nature, they cannot involve themselves directly in the child-custody hearings. In other words, the forensic psychologist cannot approach the evaluation with any investment in the outcome of the case.
In the case of child abuse and/or neglect, the state must often intervene to provide a safe environment for the child until they can either be safely reunited with their parents or they are placed in a safe living environment. In these cases, forensic psychologists can offer thorough evaluations to help identify risk factors for child mistreatment, as well as ways to ameliorate risk.
Parenting evaluations consist of four major components:
1. Interview: Whenever possible, the psychologist must obtain personal history from the person being evaluated.
2. Record review (or review of “discovery”): The psychologist can receive records from a number of parties to the case and can use prior findings to help formulate a case.
3. Collateral consultation: Is the parent involved with a counselor or a parenting agency? If so, it is usually helpful to conduct a collateral interview with that service provider to ascertain the parent’s progress in treatment and what further treatments might be necessary.
4. Psychological testing: Testing is used to help determine if there are underlying risk factors (such as mental illness or low IQ) that might be contributing to the risk to the child.
In all evaluations, the “best interest” of the child is the chief criterion for the judge. A best interest determination can be strengthened with a solid psychological evaluation of a parent.
References
Costanzo, M., & Krauss, D. (2012). Forensic and legal psychology: Psychological science applied to law. New York, NY: Worth.
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You will prepare and present a personality analysis of your choosing. In 10-12 slides, address the following questions.
Choose a person to analyze. This can be a historical figure, a famous person (politician, celebrity, musician), or a fictional character from a book or other media. Just be sure you have enough information on this person’s personality and background to fully analyze them.
Describe this person’s personality in detail using language and concepts from the humanistic perspective.
Analyze this person from both Abraham Maslow’s humanistic perspective and Carl Rogers’s humanistic perspective. In other words, explain how this person’s personality would be described by each of those theorists. Explain how their personality developed the way it did, from Maslow’s and Rogers’s perspectives.
If the person you described experiences psychological issues or psychopathology, explain how humanistic theory can be used to restore a state of health and psychological well-being to the person. In other words, if they suffer from anxiety, depression or other disorders, how would humanistic theorists like Maslow and Rogers help them overcome those disorders?
Include speaker notes below each content-related slide that represent what would be said if giving the presentation in person. Expand upon the information included in the slide and do not simply restate it. Please ensure the speaker notes include 50-75 words per slide.
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You will be responsible for writing a brief paper about a fictional person with a mental illness. Your job is to present a realistic, accurate, and comprehensive portrayal of what a person with a certain mental illness may look like: how the mental illness developed, the symptoms, how it was diagnosed, and how it was treated. The case must be fictional; do not base any elements of the paper on yourself or someone you know (directly or indirectly)! By the end of your paper, I should be able to tell that you have a thorough, accurate, and realistic understanding of the mental illness you selected and how it can present itself in the real world (as supported by research). Make sure to provide enough information to not only illustrate what the mental illness is, but also show why other similar diagnoses would not be accurate (e.g., if writing about someone with Anorexia Nervosa, make sure to provide information that shows why this person does not have Bulimia). We will discuss the paper more in class. In general, students with strong papers cover all the necessary information in 4-5 pages (double spaced). Papers should be generally consistent with APA style (e.g., 12-point font, one-inch margins).
Your paper will be graded in part on the quality and clarity of your writing.
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After reviewing the required resources, identify and discuss three challenges involved with ensuring that teaching strategies are appropriate for culturally diverse children. Then, discuss these cultural challenges in the classroom using one sociological perspective (i.e., functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, etc.) and another relevant perspective, such as Piaget’s preoperational stage of development. Finally, identify and discuss how the challenges related to differences in culture may be addressed by a teacher in a way that increases the child’s cognitive advancement and academic success.
You must use at least three scholarly sources other than the textbook and required resources for this assignment. The paper must include a summary of each of the challenges identified and each of the remedies to those challenges. In addition, you must include an explanation of the cultural challenges in the classroom using one of the sociological perspectives and Piaget’s theory of the preoperational stage of cognitive development.
Criteria:
Must be three to four double-spaced pages in length, not including title and reference pages, and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include at least three scholarly sources, in addition to the textbook and required resources.
Must include, on the final page, a reference list that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must be well organized and reflect college-level writing.
I need a original thesis/outline assignment that include a clear thesis statement with a clear ethical argument and an outline of your plan of support following the Rogerian Model of argument.
Ethical Essay Prompt
Topic: Human Responsibility for the Environment
Prompt: Write an ethical argument in which you address the question: “How far should humans go to protect the environment?”
Ethical (Rogerian) Thesis/Outline Instructions and Checklist
Thesis Statement/Outline Assignment
In Module/ Week 4, you must develop a thesis statement and outline for the 1000-1200 word ethical argument essay that you will write in Module/Week 5. Your thesis/outline assignment should include a clear thesis statement with a clear ethical argument and an outline of your plan of support following the Rogerian Model of argument. The research sources for this essay have been provided for you in our course. Any additional sources that you may choose to use must be credible academic sources. You must include at least 4 quotations, 1 summary, and 1 paraphrase (6 total) into your essay from at least 3 credible sources to support your thesis statement and provide opposing arguments acknowledging common ground. Be sure to document your sources correctly according to your documentation style (Current APA, MLA, or Turabian). You may include biblical support, but it does not count in the required citations.
Ethical Essay Prompt
Topic: Human Responsibility for the Environment
Prompt: Write an ethical argument in which you address the question: “How far should humans go to protect the environment?”
Helpful Hints
· Chapter 4 in this week’s textbook readings includes a general outline for the Rogerian Model of Argument.
· Chapter 14 in this week’s textbook readings includes sample student outlines and student essays for an ethical (Rogerian) essay written in each of the documentation styles (APA, MLA, and Turabian).
· Review the Minimum Outline Requirements Checklist (below) to understand the content that you must include in your thesis/outline assignment this week.
· Review the Essay 2 Thesis/Outline Grading Rubric in the course before submitting your thesis/outline assignment.
Part 1
Included below is the minimum that you must include in your thesis/outline; however, taking the time to construct a complete and thorough outline will help you save time when you write your actual essay.
(Minimum) Outline Requirements
Successful
Needs Revision
1. Thesis statement: Clearly states your debatable argument relative to an ethical principle
2. Evidence: Presents points that support the thesis based on the principle (In your outline, include at least the minimum number of required paraphrases, summaries, and/or quotes from outside sources as indicated in assignment instructions.)
3. Opposing argument(s): Presents viewpoints opposing your thesis argument giving special consideration to opposition of the ethical principle along with discussion of common ground as required by Rogerian argument. (Including the strongest opposition to refute helps build your credibility and convinces your audience to consider or adopt your position.)
4. Organize your information into the correct outline format. (See examples for APA, MLA, and Turabian in Chapter 14 for the Rogerian Model of argument.)
4. Documentation Requirements for Outline (Include minimum number of sources required for this assignment.):
If using current APA format, include properly formatted parenthetical intext citations and a References page.
If using current MLA format, include properly formatted parenthetical intext citations and a Works Cited page.
If using current Turabian format, include properly formatted footnotes and Bibliography page.
Part 2
When you are satisfied with the quality of your outline, submit it via the submission link in Module/Week 4 for grading. Do not forget to write your degree program and whether you are using current MLA, APA, or Turabian in the “Submission Title” field when submitting your assignment.
Submit this assignment by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 4.
Page 3 of 3
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