Directions: Read the four scenarios below. Provide a 75-150-word response to each question in all four of the scenarios presented below. Use the ACA and NAADAC Codes of Ethics and other scholarly resources to support your responses. You must provide at least one properly formatted APA citation and accompanying reference to support your response for each scenario.

Scenario One:  Barbara is a licensed professional counselor (LPC) working for a nonprofit social service agency. Many of the clients in the agency are female domestic violence victims. The director of the agency has asked Barbara to develop a counseling group to serve the needs of these individuals.

Question One: What ethical matters should Barbara consider as she plans this group?

Question Two: What methods should Barbara use to ensure confidentiality in the context of group counseling?

Question Three: If breaches of confidentiality occur, how should Barbara manage them?

Scenario Two: David is a licensed professional counselor (LPC) and a licensed marriage and family therapist (LMFT) working for a family counseling center. Steve, one of his adult clients, would like to begin couples counseling with his wife.

Question One: What ethical matters should David consider before beginning to see Steve and his wife?

Question Two: What special issues of confidentiality may arise in the case? How should David address these issues?

Question Three: How might differences in personal values and gender/cultural issues create ethical dilemmas in this case?

Scenario Three: Stephanie is a licensed professional counselor (LPC) who has decided to start a private practice as she transitions from public to private practice. As she makes her plans, there are many ethical issues she must consider. While these issues are of concern to all counselors, she must consider how they specifically impact a counselor in private practice.

Question One: How can she ethically handle limited resources, deal with cost containment issues, respond to discrimination, and promote community change?

Question Two: As a service provider, with what ethical issues and practices related to state insurance laws and managed care must she be familiar?

Question Three: What are the ethical obligations and limitations faced by a counselor who serves clients who have been the victim of discrimination, injustice, poverty, or lack of access to behavioral health services? What best practice community based interventions could she refer her clients to?

Section Four: Amari has recently passed her NCMHCE and will soon be considered an independent clinical practitioner. Her husband is in the military and they travel often. Amari hopes to strictly provide distance counseling in her private practice. She has never provided distance counseling nor does she know of anyone who does it. Rely heavily on Section H: Distance Counseling, Technology, and Social Media of the American Counseling Association’s Code of Ethics to consider the following.

Question One: What should Amari consider in regards to distance counseling?

References

*************I will be grading on content, word count, references, and citations. Please submit this in worksheet format. If you try to combine this into an essay it makes it difficult for me to grade. Do not use a lot of quotations. If nearly half of your responses are quoted material, I will deduct. I need to be able to grade your comprehension of the concepts so please paraphrase often (a few quotes are just fine!)******************

 In the field where you are earning your degree or your Prior Learning Assessment credit, are there various frameworks or “schools of thought”? Do people have differences of opinion about them? Describe them.Question 1 options:

Question 2 (10 points)

Have you changed your mind between different theories, approaches, or “schools of thought” in your work? How did the change in your thinking happen and why?Question 2 options:

Question 3 (10 points)

Have you had to explain different approaches to someone new at work, or to someone new in your volunteer activities? What was it like explaining it, as compared to doing it?Question 3 options:

Question 4 (10 points)

Do you feel like you have a variety of different knowledge from different perspectives about what you do? How did you learn to be “versatile” in the learning you achieved? (Fiddler and Marienau)Question 4 options:

Question 5 (10 points)

In reflecting on your past experiences, did you come to a stage in your own development when you could see how “complex” a situation was – more so than people who were new to your work or volunteer experiences? What activities did you engage in that gave you this complex understanding? (Kolb diagram 6.3 integration)Question 5 options:

Part 1: Case Studies

Pick four stages to illustrate early childhood development. Pick two from Erickson’s Stage Theory and two from Piaget’s theory of development. Create one case study for each of the chosen stages, which is a total of four case studies.

Label each case study with the theorist/stages relevant to it.

Each case study should be a minimum of 250 words.

For each case study, include how you as a therapist would plan to work with someone at the identified stage.

Part 2: Summary

Include a 250-500-word summary that explains the similarities and differences between Piaget’s and Erickson’s theories.

APA style is not required, but solid academic writing and a title page is expected.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are not required to submit this assignment to LopeWrite.

This assignment assesses the following programmatic competency: 3.4: Demonstrate understanding of human growth and development and how they impact counseling efforts.

This assignment is informed by the following CACREP Standard: 2.F.3.h. A general framework for understanding differing abilities and strategies for differentiated interventions.

Answer each of the questions clearly and thoroughly, using specific examples from course content to illustrate your points and your understanding of important concepts. You can expect to write at least one and probably two paragraphs (maybe three—but not more than that) for each response. It is open book so my expectations are related to that in terms of how well you can potentially answer questions. Also you have until the 15th to complete it, again, that means you have the opportunity to ask me questions.  Remember, this is your opportunity to demonstrate your learning. And be sure to answer the question asked. Most students lose points because they either didn’t answer the question asked or didn’t answer it thoroughly, that is, they didn’t use clear examples to illustrate the point they were making. I would encourage you to read back over the question and your response, once you think you’ve completed the exam, to make sure that indeed you have answered the question asked and supported it in the way indicated in the question. Your completed exam will probably be 2-3 pages long (it will  not be shorter than that if you’ve answered the questions in a way that will possibly earn full credit), if you’ve answered the questions and used supporting examples from our course content to show that you understand and have learned about the concepts. Be sure to ask questions you might have on the midterm exam questions thread or you can email me if you wish.

1. If we make a materialistic assumption about the relationship between the mind and the body, how would we explain the psychological concept of aggression? Remember that aggression very often complicated; it not only includes aggressive behavior, as in action, but also includes aggression as in thoughts and feelings. Include in your response what is emphasized in a materialistic assumption and then specifically how this applies using a specific aggressive behavior. (fundamental assumptions material)
2. Provide a compelling argument for or against evidence of humans acting with (or not) free will. Include in your response a clear understanding of the assumption about behavior that you are using (for example, of hard determinism), and then how that applies specifically and explains a behavior you have decided to use as your illustrating example. (fundamental assumptions material)
3. Use Freudian theory and one other personality theory to explain the observation that females carry significantly more writing utensils than males.  (personality material)
4. Choose one of the disorders from class and describe classic or distinctive features of the disorder. Then offer a specific cause for the disorder illustrating your knowledge of a major perspective (e.g. psychodynamic). (abnormal psychology material)
5. Based on the scenario presented in the previous question, what treatment might be most effective in treating your chosen disorder (make sure the connection is clear between assumed cause and effective treatment)? Why would this treatment be effective? Which treatment may be least effective? Why might that treatment be ineffective? (treatments material)
6. Why is psychology concerned with biology? Be specific in your response and use at least two examples to demonstrate your understanding. (physiological psychology material)
7. Create an experiment where you test the relationship between alcohol consumption and aggression. You will identify the following components: independent variable, dependent variable, experimental condition, control condition, hypothesis, random assignment,  in your experimental design and then write a paragraph describing how each of these will fit in the experiment. (Research design, chapter 1 material)
8. Use one of the dream theories (identify which one you’re using and demonstrate your understanding of the theory) presented in to interpret what possible purpose or meaning the following dream might have. Be sure to apply your chosen theory specifically to the dream, that is, make specific reference to aspects of the dream to support the interpretation you are making which shows you understand the theory.

“I was swimming in a small lake and it was fairly dark outside. There wasn’t anyone else in the water with me when suddenly a large snake came at me. I knew that the snake’s intent was negative towards me so I tried to swim away, but the snake caught up with me and attacked me. I struggled against the snake as it pulled me under the water. Meanwhile, on the beach, a crowd of people had gathered to watch the fight. They cheered for the snake. Then I woke up.” (chapter 2 end-consciousness/sleep material, plus material provided in modules material)

In responding to our classmates, comment on how their proposed applications of these concepts will affect their lives. Address any gaps you see in their reasoning, but be sure to substantiate your comments with citations from the textbook, the video, or from other research you have done in the course.

Esther post

How does thinking about goals differently (performance versus learning) affect performance and success?

Performance vs learning can affect performance and success very differently for each person. Each person can look at a situation with different goals. While one person may look at a situation and try to learn as much as possible to achieve their goal, the other person may focus more on their performance while getting to that goal. The example that the book “Personality: Theory and Research” has is a perfect way to describe the difference;

Suppose that you are working on a group project and are about to present your part of the project to others in the group who will discuss its strong and weak points. Right before the presentation, you might focus your attention on how their feedback will provide information that can help you to improve your work. If so, you have a learning goal: You are striving to learn from others, in order to increase your ability and achievement. Alternatively, you might focus on the personal impression you’ll make on the other people; you might try to “look smart” and to avoid doing anything that will make you look stupid. If so, you would have a performance goal: the aim of “putting on a good performance” for others who will be evaluating your abilities. (Cervone & Pervin, 2016, p. 367)

Do you believe, as the socio-cognitive theorists do, that all learning occurs in a social context with a dynamic and reciprocal interaction of the person, environment, and behavior?

Yes, I believe that all learning occurs in a social context involving the person, environment, and behavior. The socio-cognitive theorists believed that we as a person can learn through our environment and through positive reinforcement, behaviors etc. can be changed.

How can you apply these findings to your education, work, or personal life?

For me, positive reinforcement is an important part of who I am as a person and as a mom. I have a 4 year old boy who thrives on positive reinforcement. Because of the TED Talk video of Carol Dweck, I have a new understanding of positive reinforcement. The “not yet” theory is amazing. I don’t want to raise my kids to receive positive reinforcement for achieving and getting things “right”. I want them to feel as if they are achieving their goal through effort and determination. I think a great example that this works is that I am always striving to incorporate the professor’s feedback as I get my grades back. This shows me that I have worked hard, and that I will always have room to grow.

Catherine post

How does thinking about goals differently (performance versus learning) affect performance and success?

Thinking about goals in terms of learning versus performance can have extremely different results in terms of performance and achievements.  When we start to think about achieving goals it is important to factor in terms of personal fulfillment. In our careers the value of

learning should be most important and part of our personal goals.  A lot of young people go to school to socialize and learning becomes secondary. Some would argue, as long as they look good and are popular, then all they need is a passing grade. However, there are students more

focused on succeeding and achieving. These students believe that they can excel by educating themselves. These students are more concerned with learning goals, whereas the social student is more interested in performance goals. (Cervone & Pervin, 2016, p. 368). Performance goals involve performing to the best of your ability. You want your abilities to show. Working on performance goals can be more stressful because some worry about how they are perceived which takes away from learning.

The two goals affect performance and success depending on what your views on intelligence is and how it’s related to your performance or learning goal. People who believe that intelligence levels are fixed believe in entity theory and those “who believe that intelligence is a gradual believe in incremental theory” (Cervone & Pervin, 2016, p. 368). In Dweck’s research she was able to show that, “those who had performance goal scored less or lower than those with goal performance due to their level of anxiety or expectation, they tend to suffer high “test anxiety” (Dweck 2014). Dweck research suggested that, “praise should be specific, and it should point out behavior that influences outcomes” (Dweck 2014).  For example, praising my nephews study skills, will help him to focus on the skills he can influence, whereas praising his intelligence on something he can’t change, leaves him without a way to influence a positive outcome.

Do you believe, as the socio-cognitive theorists do, that all learning occurs in a social context with a dynamic and reciprocal interaction of the person, environment, and behavior?

I do believe that social cognitive theory applies to learning under the context that it can affect our behavior through environmental and social factors. “Bandura who created the concept of social cognitive theory believed that we change our behavior through constant reinforcement for a goal directed behavior” (Cervone & Pervin, 2016, p. 331). Bandura was able to illustrate that, “child A will eventual learn through process of learning over the behavior over and over again until eventually over time child A realizes that he would get desired reinforcement quicker through compliance” (Cervone & Pervin, 2016, p. 332-333). Remaining consistent and integrating constant reinforcement will prove to brings success.

How can you apply these findings to your education, work, or personal life?

These findings can be applied to my learning and performance goals, through the facts and feedback received from fellow students, my teachers and, my peers and my boss. This feedback is specific and helps me see which area needs improvement and which exceed expectations. I appreciate any help provided to me and appreciate other points of views; I might have overlooked. Feedback helps me to improve as a learner and allows me to create better performance goals.