1. A method for testing a claim or hypothesis about a parameter in a population, using data measured in a sample, is called

random sampling

level of significance

hypothesis testing

guessing

 

2. The one-sample z test is a hypothesis test used to test hypotheses

concerning a single population with a known variance

concerning at least one population

concerning the variance in a population

all of the above

 

3. Given the following values: μ = 6.0, M = 7.6, n = 36, σ = 6, conduct a one-sample z test at a 0.05 level of significance. For a one-tailed test, upper-tail critical, what is the decision?

to reject the null hypothesis

to retain the null hypothesis

There is not enough information since the sample size is not given.

 

4. ________ allows researchers to describe (1) how far mean scores have shifted in the population, or (2) the percentage of variance that can be explained by a given variable.

significance

probability

power

effect size

 

5. The ________ is an inferential statistic used to determine the number of standard deviations in a t distribution that a sample means deviates from the mean value or mean difference stated in the null hypothesis.

t distribution

t statistic

standard error

degrees of freedom

 

6. State the critical value(s) for the following two-tailed t test at a 0.05 level of significance: t(∞).

±1.645

±1.96

the same as for a two-tailed z test at a 0.05 level of significance

both ±1.96 and the same as for a two-tailed z test at a 0.05 level of significance

 

7. A researcher reports that the mean time it takes to complete an experimental task is 1.4 ± 8.0 (M ± SD) seconds. If the null hypothesis was that the mean equals 1.0, then what is the effect size for this test using estimated Cohen’s d?

d = 0.05; small effect size

d = 0.50; medium effect size

d = 1.05; large effect size

There is not enough information to answer this question.

 

8. Computing a two-independent sample t test is appropriate when

different participants are assigned to each group

the population variance is unknown

participants are observed one time

all of the above

 

9. A researcher has participants rate the likability of a sexually promiscuous person described in a vignette as being male (n = 20) or female (n = 12). The mean likability ratings in each group were 4.0. If the null hypothesis is that there is no difference in likability ratings, then do likability ratings differ at a 0.05 level of significance?

Yes, this result is significant, p < 0.05.

No, this result is not significant, t(30) = 0.

No, this result is not significant, t(30) = 1.00.

There is not enough information to answer this question, because the variance in each sample is not given.

10. A type of related samples design in which participants are observed more than once is called a

repeated measures design

matched pairs design

matched samples design

both matched pairs design and matched samples design

 

11. A researcher records the level of attention among 18 students during an interactive and lecture portion of a single class. If she computes a related samples t test at a 0.05 level of significance (two-tailed test), then what is the critical value for this test?

±1.734

±1.740

±2.110

±2.101

 

12. A researcher computes the mean difference in locomotion in a sample of 12 rats before and 30 minutes after an injection of amphetamine. Rats were placed in a box with infrared beams. The number of times rats crossed the beams was used as a measure of locomotion. The mean difference in locomotion was 6.2 ± 8.4 (MD ± SD), and this difference was significant. What is the effect size for this result using estimated Cohen’s d?

d = 0.74 (medium effect)

d = 1.36 (medium effect)

d = 0.74 (large effect)

d = 1.36 (large effect)

 

13. A researcher reports with 90% confidence that 31% to 37% of Americans believe in ghosts. What is the point estimate for this interval?

31%

34%

37%

31% to 37%

 

14. In a sample of 20 participants, a researcher estimates the 95% CI for a sample with a mean of M = 5.4 and an estimated standard error (SM) of 1.6. What is the upper confidence limit for this interval?

2.1

3.8

7.0

8.8

 

15. There is no difference between a point estimate and an interval estimate.

True

False

 

16. Using a between-subjects ANOVA design,

n · k participants are each observed one time

n participants are observed k times

data are not analyzed between groups

the same participants are observed in each group

 

17. A researcher measures attractiveness ratings of a male confederate among 30 women who were told the confederate was either single, dating, or married (n = 10 per group). What are the degrees of freedom for error for the one-way between-subjects ANOVA?

2

3

27

28

 

18. A researcher measures differences in romantic feelings among adolescent and adult males. If different participants were in each group, then what type of statistical design is appropriate for this study?

a two-independent sample t test

a one-way between-subjects ANOVA

a two-way between-subjects ANOVA

both a two-independent sample t test and a one-way between-subjects ANOVA

 

19. Which of the following post hoc tests is associated with the greatest power to detect an effect?

Schaffé test

Tukey’s HSD test

Bonferroni test

Fisher’s LSD test

 

20. A researcher computes a one-way within-subjects ANOVA in which k = 4 and n = 20.

What are the degrees of freedom error for this test?

57

79

80

There is not enough information to answer this question.

 

21. A researcher computes the following one-way within-subjects ANOVA table for a study in which k = 3 and n = 12.

 

State the decision at a 0.05 level of significance.

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	Fobt
Between groups	450
Between persons			20
Within groups (error)
Total	1030

 

Reject the null hypothesis.

Retain the null hypothesis.

There is not enough information to answer this question.

 

22. There are ____ factors in a 2 × 3 ANOVA design.

2

3

5

6

 

23. A researcher conducts a 2 × 4 between-subjects ANOVA in which 12 participants were observed in each group. If SSB = 18 and SSE = 264 for this study, then what is the decision for Factor B at a 0.05 level of significance?

Reject the null hypothesis.

Retain the null hypothesis.

There is not enough information to answer this question.

 

24. A statistical procedure used to describe the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two factors is called

effect size

power

a correlation

coincidence

 

25. A researcher measures the following correlation: r = −0.21. What is the value of the coefficient of determination?

0.04

−0.04

0.42

−0.42

 

26. A researcher measures the correlation between the frequency of self-esteem (high, low) and health status (lean/healthy, overweight/obese). Based on the frequencies for each nominal category given below, what is the value of the phi correlation coefficient?

 

		Health Status
		Overweight/Obese	Lean/Healthy
Self-Esteem	Low	32	18
	High	18	32

 

 

0.08

0.28

0.52

0.56

27. Linear regression describes the extent to which _______ predicts ________.

X; Y

the predictor variable; the criterion variable

the known variable; the to-be-predicted variable

all of the above

 

28. A researcher reports the following equation for a best-fitting straight line to a set of data points: = −1.01X + 3.24.Which value is the y-intercept?

X

ñ1.01

3.24

 

29. If the coefficient of determination is 0.12 and SSY = 225, then what is the sum of squares regression for an analysis of regression?

27

198

225

There is not enough information to answer this question.

 

30. A chi-square goodness-of-fit test shows that the frequencies observed fit well with those that were expected. Hence, the decision was to

reject the null hypothesis

retain the null hypothesis

no decision was made

 

31. A researcher asks participants to taste each of three meals and to choose the one they like best. The same foods are in each meal, however the calorie total of each meal is different. One is low in calories, one is moderate in calories and one is high in calories. Based on the observed frequencies given below, what is an appropriate conclusion for this test at a .05 level of significance?

 

	Type of Meal
	Low Calorie	Moderate Calorie	High Calorie
fo	6	7	17
fe	10	10	10

 

 

Participants liked the high calorie meal more than the low calorie meal.

Participants liked the low calorie meal less than the moderate calorie meal.

Participants liked the high calorie meal more than was expected.

all of the above

 

32. Each of the following is an appropriate test for ordinal data, except

the Mann-Whitney U test

the chi-square goodness-of-fit test

the one-sample sign test

the Friedman test

 

33. A professor ranks the grades of students in each of three sections of a statistics course. He computes H = 6.83 for the Kruskal-Wallis H test to test for differences between the sections. What is the decision for this test?

Retain the null hypothesis.

Reject the null hypothesis.

There is not enough information to answer this question.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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COUC 515

Stimulus Questions Assignment Instructions

Overview

Each student will write answers to the Stimulus Questions located at the end of Chapters 2 (Research Training- Joys and Challenges) and Chapter 6 (Choosing Research Designs- Balancing Ideals and Realities). These questions are designed to assist you in conceptualizing your proposal, to evaluate your own personal perspectives of research, and to assist in understanding common methodologies used in counseling-related research.

Instructions

Please follow the below guidelines in completing your Stimulus Questions Assignment. Please be sure to provide concise answers to each question in hopes to catalyze important areas to consider for your research proposal. You can refer to the modules to see when each chapter’s questions are due.

· This assignment should not be lengthy but rather have concise reflections.

· You may submit your stimulus questions in outline format

· Please note that you must have an APA title page in current edition format.

· Include references (in current APA format) at the end of your document, if you have them.

· You may use references other than the required textbook (not required). Acceptable sources include peer-reviewed, professional journals.

· You may write in the first person for questions that are asking for personal reflection.

 

Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool

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1. The “Competencies for Addressing Spiritual and Religious Issues in Counseling” were developed by which of the following divisions of the American Counseling Association?a.Association for Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counselingb.Association for Religion, Philosophy, and Spirituality in Counselingc.American Pastoral Counselors Associationd.There is not a division of the American Counseling Association that developed these competencies.

2 points  

QUESTION 2

1. The first person to introduce the subjects of consciousness, spiritualism, and psychical research into the mental health fields was:a.Carl Jungb.Abraham Maslowc.William Jamesd.Sigmund Freud

2 points  

QUESTION 3

1. The core practice of transpersonal counseling includes which of the following:a.Mindfulnessb.Yogac.Biofeedbackd.All of the above

2 points  

QUESTION 4

1. Which of the following is one of the “Competencies for Addressing Spiritual and Religious Issues in Counseling”?a.The professional counselor can describe the similarities and differences between spirituality and religion, including the basic beliefs of various spiritual systems, major world religions, agnosticism, and atheism.b.The professional counselor recognizes that the client’s beliefs (or absence of beliefs) about spirituality and/or religion are central to his or her worldview but cannot influence psychosocial functioning.c.The professional counselor can identify the limits of his or her understanding of the client’s spiritual and/or religious perspective and is acquainted with religious and spiritual resources, including leaders, who can join in counseling sessions with the counselor and client.d.All of the above

2 points  

QUESTION 5

1. The family life spiral is:a.An example of family declineb.A linear modelc.An example of a life stressord.A developmental model

2 points  

QUESTION 6

1. The relational-cultural theory emphasizes the vital rolea.that relationships and connectedness with others play in the lives of women.b.of a spiritual or religious perspective in providing women with strength.c.that siblings play in the shaping of personalityd. in understanding how early childhood is a crucial factor in a woman’s personality development.

2 points  

QUESTION 7

1. Within the transpersonal states of functioning, which of the following developmental lines or stages exist?a.cognitiveb.vision logicc.psychicd.all of the above

2 points  

QUESTION 8

1. Which of the following family therapists is best known for his/her conjoint approach to treatment?a.Satirb.Bowenc.Haleyd.Minuchin

2 points  

QUESTION 9

1. Self-in-relation theory is the work of:a.Sharf and Bemb.Jordan and Surreyc.Jean Baker Millerd.Betty Freidan

2 points  

QUESTION 10

1. Which of the following is not a fundamental principle of feminist counselors?a.The personal is politicalb.A commitment to social changec.A commitment to the establishment of an authoritarian relationshipd.Honoring women’s experiences and appreciating their perspectives, values, and strengths

2 points  

QUESTION 11

1. According to transpersonalism:a.Healthy development is marked by one’s advancement from personal to transpersonal concerns.b.Healthy development is marked by one’s quality of relationships.c.Healthy development is impossible to define.d.Healthy development is not a goal.

2 points  

QUESTION 12

1. The term _______________ means beyond the personal, ego, or self.a.archetypalb.transpersonalc.reductionisticd.monistic

2 points  

QUESTION 13

1. A counselor directing family members to engage in a communication game to examine how their incongruent messages lead to pain and lower self-esteem is following which approach to family therapy?
   A counselor directing family members to engage in a communication game to examine how their incongruent messages lead to pain and lower self-esteem is following which approach to family therapy?
   a.Conjointb.Transgenerationalc.Narratived.Structural

2 points  

QUESTION 14

1. A multifaceted process, occurring across the life span is called:a.Gender role identificationb.Gender biasc.Genderficationd.Gender role socialization

2 points  

QUESTION 15

1. One of the primary goals of transpersonal counseling is to:a.Bring the client to an acceptable level of mental healthb.Bring the client to a point where he or she can begin to work on transpersonal issuesc.Take the client into the realm of transcendence, unity, and extraordinary mental healthd.None of the above

2 points  

QUESTION 16

1. The term used to describe a family system’s tendency to maintain predictable interactional processes is:a.Family project processb.Cyberneticsc.Centripetald.Family homeostatis

2 points  

QUESTION 17

1. Which of the following family therapists is best known for his/her strategic approach to treatment?a.Satirb.Bowenc.Haleyd.Minuchin

2 points  

QUESTION 18

1. Two major disorders given a great deal of attention in feminist literature are:a.Personality disorders and bipolar disordersb.Borderline personality disorders and hypertensionc.Eating disorders and PTSDd.Insomnia and PTSD

2 points  

QUESTION 19

1. ___________ wrote that Kohlberg’s model of moral development was more applicable to men than women.a.Carol Gilliganb.Barbara Herlihyc.Vivian Carroll McCollumd.Nancy Chodorow

2 points  

QUESTION 20

1. ________________ occurs when a family modifies problem behaviors yet maintains its present structure.a.First order changeb.Second order changec.Third order changed.Fourth order change

2 points  

QUESTION 21

1. Which of the following family therapists is best known for his/her structural approach to treatment:a.Satirb.Bowenc.Haleyd.Minuchin

2 points  

QUESTION 22

1. Teasing out stressors poses a challenge for the family counselor because of the family’s:a.Mistrust of therapyb.Many storiesc.Multigenerational issuesd.Severity of pain

2 points  

QUESTION 23

1. A strategy for empowering clients is to involve them in naming their problem and participating in directing the counseling process. This strategy is called:a.Self-disclosureb.Gender role analysisc.Demystifying the counseling processd.Client empowerment

2 points  

QUESTION 24

1. Although the theoretical underpinnings of transpersonal theory can be credited to a number of individuals, theories, and philosophical approaches to mental health and spiritual experience, _____________ has emerged as the primary leader of this burgeoning field.a.Groffb.Wilberc.Jungd.Maslow

2 points  

QUESTION 25

1. The term used to describe one of the perceptual sets people use when looking at society and their place in it is:a.Gender schemab.Egalitarianc.Engendered livesd.None of the above

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PSY-510 Contemporary and Ethical Issues in Psychology

Research on Intimate Partner Violence and the Duty to Protect

 

Week 5 assignment is another case study from the textbook, and no rubric has been provided. I have included a scoring guide, similar to week 4, below.

 

PLEASE be sure your name and the date is on the top of the template, if you choose not to use a title page. Please save the work as a Word document in the following manner: Last name_first name_Week 5_PSY 510

There are 7 questions. Be sure to answer each part of each question completely. Please review all aspects of the Tarasoff case and rulings that pertain to psychologists’ ethical responsibilities, and the duty to protect statute. See textbook.

With regard to question # 1, in addition to a description of the nature of the dilema, be sure to identify the Principles (A through E) that you believe are in conflict in this dilemma; there may be more than 2. (Remember the distinction between the Principles and the Standards that we reviewed in earlier discussions). Also see Fisher.

For Q# 2, about stakeholders, see Fisher. Remember to include the main character in this list and every person or agency whose interest could be at stake. (THINK BIG!)

For the remainder of the questions, cite specific ethical standards to support your conclusions. Aspects of Standards 2, 3, 4 and 8 should be addressed.

Consider citing and referencing the APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct in this assignment. See: http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx

One of the ethical issues involved is the risk management competencies of research psychologists.

For the last question, be sure to review the steps of ethical decision making in the textbook.

These steps shouldl be individually addressed in the final question!

SCORING GUIDE:

Questions # 1, 3, 4, 6, & 7-up to 6 ponts each

Question #5-up to 12 points

Questions 2 -up to 8 points.

Final grade will be a percentage of 100.

I would like to provide a review of some important sections of the textbook to consider:

1. The nature of an ethical dilemma involves 2 or more APA Principles in conflict (in a matter that must be resolved).

2. Stakeholders: consider any and all persons or entities that could hold a stake in the resolution of the issue; see Fisher, p. 46.

3. Ethical Theories- see Fisher, pp. 38-42

4. 6 Steps of Ethical Decision Making- review Fisher, pp. 46-50.

Please post any questions about assignments or course content in the QTI forum.

Best regards,

 

 

 

Directions: In a minimum of 50 words, for each question, thoroughly answer each of the questions below regarding Case 4: Research on Intimate Partner Violence and the Duty to Protect. Use one to two scholarly resources to support your answers. Use in-text citations, when appropriate, according to APA formatting.

 

Read Case 4: Research on Intimate Partner Violence and the Duty to Protect on pages 435-436 in your textbook. Once you have read the case study completely, answer the discussion questions found in the attached document “Case 4” under the assignment tab

1. Why is this an ethical dilemma? Which APA Ethical Principles help frame the nature of the dilemma?

 

2. Who are the stakeholders and how will they be affected by how Dr. Yeung resolves this dilemma?

 

3. Does this situation meet the standards set by the Tarasoff decision’s “duty to protect” statute (see Chapter 7)? How might whether or not Dr. Yeung’s state includes researchers under such a statute influence Dr. Yeung’s ethical decision making? How might the fact that Dr. Yeung is a research psychologist without training or licensure in clinical practice influence the ethical decision?

 

4. In addressing this dilemma, should Dr. Yeung consider how her decision may affect the completion of her research (e.g., the confidentiality concerns of other participants)?

 

5. How are APA Ethical Standards 2.01f, 3.04, 3.06, 4.01, 4.02, 4.05, and 8.01 relevant to this case? Which other standards might apply?

 

6. What are Dr. Yeung’s ethical alternatives for resolving this dilemma? Which alternative best reflects the Ethics Code aspirational principles and enforceable standards, legal standards, and obligations to stakeholders? Can you identify the ethical theory (discussed in Chapter 3) guiding your decision?

 

7. What steps should Dr. Yeung take to implement her decision and monitor its effect?

 

References:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

434 Decoding the Ethics Code

Gallardo, M. E., Johnson, J., Parham, T. A., & Carter, J. A. (2009). Ethics and multicultural-ism: Advancing cultural and clinical responsiveness. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40, 425–435.Vasquez, M. (2012).

Social justice and civic virtue. In S. Knapp, M. Gottlieb, M. Handelsman, & L. Vande Creek (Eds.), Handbook of ethics in psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 75–98). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Zerr, A., & Pina, A. (2014). Predictors of initial engagement in child anxiety mental health specialty services. Child & Youth Care Forum, 2, 151–164.Case 3. Request for Services Following Termination

Dr. Howard Lightfoot, a psychologist in independent practice, works in a small, rural town in New Mexico. He treated Mary for a year, helping her with depression and anxiety related to her conflicting feelings about her lesbian sexual orientation. At the time of treatment termination, Mary’s depression and anxiety were reduced, and she had begun to have positive dating experiences with other women. Three years after termination of the therapy, Dr. Lightfoot receives a voice mail from Mary. She states that a month ago Allison, her partner of 2 years, was diagnosed with breast cancer. At that time, Mary became depressed and anxious again and started psychotherapy with another therapist because Dr. Lightfoot was no longer on the list of health providers covered by her insurance plan. She then ended the therapy because the new therapist appeared to have no understanding of the real-world challenges faced by lesbian couples. Mary tells Dr. Lightfoot that Allison has also begun to experience a great deal of anxiety and would like to begin psychotherapy with someone she can trust is sensitive to lesbian issues. Since Allison’s insurance plan would cover Dr. Lightfoot’s services for individual therapy and Mary’s participation as caretaker and collateral support, she is calling to ask whether he would consider treating Allison. Ethical Dilemma Based on his previous professional relationship with Mary and Allison’s current personal relationship with Mary, Dr. Lightfoot is unsure whether or not he should agree to see Allison for psychotherapy. Discussion Questions1. Why is this an ethical dilemma? Which APA Ethical Principles help frame the nature of the dilemma?2. Who are the stakeholders, and how will they be affected by how Dr. Lightfoot resolves this dilemma?3. How should the nature of Mary’s mental health problems when she was in treatment with Dr. Lightfoot, the amount of time that has passed since Research on Intimate Partner Violence and the Duty to ProtectDr. Daniela Yeung, a health psychologist, has been conducting a federally funded ethnographic study of couples in which the male partner has been paroled following conviction and imprisonment for intimate partner violence (IPV). Over the course of a year, she has had individual monthly interviews with 25 couples while one partner was in jail and following their release. Aiden is a 35-year-old male parolee convicted of seriously injuring his wife. He and his wife, Maya, have been interviewed by Dr. Yeung on eight occasions. The interviews have covered a range of personal topics including Aiden’s problem drinking, which is marked by blackouts and threatening phone calls made to his wife when he becomes drunk, usually in the evening. To her knowledge, Aiden has never followed ecoding the Ethics Code through on these threats. Dr. Yeung has the impression both Aiden and Maya feel a sense of social support when discussing their life with Dr. Yeung. One evening Dr. Yeung checks her answering machine and finds a message from Aiden. His words are slurred and angry: “Now that you know the truth about what I am you know that there is nothing you can do to help the evil inside me. The bottle is my savior and I will end this with them tonight.” She calls both Aiden’s and Maya’s cell phone numbers, but no one answers. Ethical Dilemma Dr. Yeung has Aiden’s address, and after 2 hours, she is considering whether or not to contact emergency services to suggest that law enforcement officers go to Aiden’s home or to the homes of his parents and girlfriend. Discussion Questions1. Why is this an ethical dilemma? Which APA Ethical Principles help frame the nature of the dilemma?2. Who are the stakeholders, and how will they be affected by how Dr. Yeung resolves this dilemma?3. Does this situation meet the standards set by the Tarasoff decision’s “duty to protect” statute (see Chapter 7)? How might whether or not Dr. Yeung’s state includes researchers under such a statute influence Dr. Yeung’s ethical decision making? How might the fact that Dr. Yeung is a research psychologist without training or licensure in clinical practice influence the ethical decision?4. In addressing this dilemma, should Dr. Yeung consider how her decision may affect the completion of her research (e.g., the confidentiality concerns of other participants)?5. How are APA Ethical Standards 2.01f, 3.04, 3.06, 4.01, 4.02, 4.05, and 8.01 relevant to this case? Which other standards might apply?6. What are Dr. Yeung’s ethical alternatives for resolving this dilemma? Which alternative best reflects the Ethics Code aspirational principles and enforceable standards, legal standards, and obligations to stakeholders? Can you identify the ethical theory (discussed in Chapter 3) guiding your decision?7. What steps should Dr. Yeung take to implement her decision and monitor its effect? Suggested Readings Appelbaum, P., & Rosenbaum, A. (1989). Tarasoff and the researcher: Does the duty to pro-tect apply in the research setting? American Psychologist, 44(6), 885–894.Fisher, C. B. (2011). Addiction research ethics and the Belmont principles: Do drug users have a different moral voice?

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Write a minimum 5 pages reflection critical analysis’ essay entitled “Is morality relative or are there objective moral truths?” This essay should explore the ethical, scientific, historic and socio-cultural dimensions of the readings.

Write a minimum 5 pages reflection critical analysis’ essay entitled “Is morality relative or are there objective moral truths?” This essay should explore the ethical, scientific, historic and socio-cultural dimensions of the readings. You have to read two readings (links you will find below the assignment description), one written by Ruth Benedict, “The Case for Moral Relativism” and a second written by Louis P. Pojman entitled “The Case Against Moral Relativism.”

What position do you hold regarding the essay’s question? Do you agree or disagree with the positions stated in the two readings?

Refer to Essay’s Rubrics in order to see the grading system.

In your essay you should:

1. Use both readings
2. Give answers to the following questions:

   3. Double-spaced 12 font

1. Regarding Benedict’s paper:

1. Is Benedict correct in saying that our culture is “but one entry in a long series of possible adjustments”? What are the implications of this statement?
2. Can we separate the descriptive (or fact-stating) aspect of anthropological study from the prescriptive (evaluative) aspect of evaluating cultures? Are there some independent criteria by which we can say that some cultures are better than others? Can you think how this project might begin?
3. What are the implications of Benedict’s claim that morality is simply whatever a culture deems normal behavior? Is this a satisfactory equation? Can you apply it to the institution of slavery or the Nazi policy of anti-Semitism?
4. What is the significance of Benedict’s statement, “The very eyes with which we see the problem are conditioned by the long traditional habits of our own society”? Can we apply the conceptual relativism embodied in this statement to her own position? (taken form Pojman L.P., Vaughn L., The Moral Life, New York 2007, p. 165.)

b. Regarding Pojman’s paper:

1. Is Pojman correct in thinking most American students tend to be moral relativists? If he is, why is this? What is the attraction of relativism? If he’s not correct, explain your answer.
2. Explain the difference between subjective ethical relativism and conventionalism.
3. Sometimes people argue that since there are no universal moral truths, each culture’s morality is as good as every other, so we ought not to interfere in its practices. Assess this argument.
4. Does moral relativism have a bad effect on society? Reread the tape-recorded conversation between serial murderer Ted Bundy and one of his victims (pages 171-172) in which Bundy attempts to justify the murder of his victim on the basis of the idea that all moral values are subjective. Analyze Bundy’s discussion. How would the relativist respond to Bundy’s claim that relativism justifies rape and murder? What do you think? Why? (taken form Pojman L.P., Vaughn L., The Moral Life, New York 2007, pp. 190-191.)

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