I need assistance interpreting a quantitative journal article. What I need specifically is someone to read the 6-page article and then read my paper draft to advise what I have missed or misinterpreted

Running head: ASSIGNMENT 1: QUANTITATIVE JAR 1

ASSIGNMENT 1: QUANTITATIVE JAR 2

 

 

 

Assignment 1: Quantitative Journal Article Review and Topic Declaration

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abstract

This assignment is comprised of a Journal Article Review (JAR) related to the topic chosen for the Final Paper: Factors contributing to the success of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) in treating Panic Disorder. The article under review, The Effects of Treatment Compliance on Outcome in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Panic Disorder: Quality Versus Quantity, employs a quasi-experimental design and is relevant to the topic for the Final Paper because it demonstrates the effectiveness of group CBT in the treatment of panic disorder, particularly when there is quality compliance with group exercises related to target outcomes, and that quality of work when compared to quantity of work, better predicts therapy outcome. The authors argue these findings are important for therapists to consider when designing good quality work and training patients to complete high quality assignments. Such considerations can contribute to the success of CBT in treating panic disorder.

Keywords: cognitive-behavioral therapy, CBT, panic disorder, anxiety

 

Table of Contents

 

Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….2

JAR: Quantitative Review…………………………………………………………………………………….4

References…………………………………………………………………………………………………….?

 

 

 

Assignment 1: Quantitative Journal Article Review and Topic Declaration

Introduction

Statement of Problem

This research aims to fill a gap in the literature on addressing quality versus quantity of assignments completed by patients receiving cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for treatment of panic disorder (PD). The researchers evaluate the relationship between homework quality and outcome as they argue, based on clinical experience, that quality of homework completed is more important to recovery.

Literature Review

The authors review the literature evaluating the effectiveness of homework compliance on outcome of CBT. They argue a collaborative-empiricist approach to treatment requires treatment compliance for therapeutic change. The authors cite literature which supports clinical improvement for homework compliance (Edelman & Chambless, 1993; Barlow, O’Brien, & Last, 1984; Michelson, Mavissakalian, Marchione, Dancu, & Greenwald, 1986) and research by Mavissakalian and Michelson (1983) which does not support this relationship. Primakoff, Epstein, and Covi (1986) noted the gap in the literature on assessing quality versus quantity of homework, which has influenced the present study.

Hypotheses To Be Tested

The hypotheses to be tested are: 1. The overall quantity of the work completed by patients will be positively associated with treatment outcome; and 2. The relative quality of homework will better predict outcome.

 

Method

Smith and Woolaway-Bickel (2000) employ a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. To control for within-group differences and increase internal validity, researchers placed stability requirements on medication use and accepted participants who were not suicidal or abusing substances, and had no history of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or organic mental disorder.

Participants

The sample consisted of 48 patients, mostly White (86%), female (66%), married (63%), and employed (52%) who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) criteria for PD with or without agoraphobia. Most patients (52%) were medicated. The participants were recruited by convenience sampling.

Materials

Participants were assessed pre- and post-treatment for clinical dimensions of PD. If panic frequency, anxiety, and phobic avoidance scores fell within the normal range post-treatment, participants were classified as recovered. Panic attack symptoms ratings by patients had adequate test-retest reliability throughout treatment and were significantly associated with corresponding self-report measures and clinic ratings (Schmidt & Woolaway-Bickel, 2000, p. 14). Videotaped interviews were randomly selected for viewing to establish interrater agreement on DSM-IV Axis I diagnoses. Interval scale measures such as The Multicenter Panic Anxiety Scale (MC-PAS), Sheehan Patient-Rated Anxiety Scale (SPRAS), Mobility Inventory for Agoraphobia (MI-Alone; MI-Accompanied), Sheehan Disability Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered pre- and post-treatment to measure self-rated disability and clinician-rated impairment. Researchers monitored participants’ panic symptoms and compliance through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) Weekly Monitoring System.

Procedure

Patients received 12 sessions over 12 weeks of group CBT for panic disorder. Homework was assigned based on session exercises and individually-tailored to type of panic experienced by participants. Treatments were structured, manualized, well-defined, and administered by an experienced psychologist. Participants were assessed weekly on their subjective sense of time spent on homework and compliance. A quality ideal was operationally defined for therapists and participants. Participant quality compliance was measured with a 6-point Likert scale (0 = poor to 5 = excellent). To control for therapist bias on compliance ratings, an independent rater completed weekly quality and quantity ratings, thus increasing inter-rater reliability and internal validity. Inter-rater reliability for quantity and quality were high.

Statistics

Descriptive statistics, including measures of central tendency, frequency, and variation were used to describe data. Additionally, inferential statistics such as Pearson’s r and paired t-test values were calculated, and a stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed.

Results

Overall, patients completed 60% of home assignments, as rated by the therapist, with good quality (mean 2.8; SD – 0.9; range = 0.3 – 4.8). Quantity remained consistent while quality increased over time. Patient and therapist rating correlations were significant at r = .28, ps < .05. Researchers found that older and unemployed patients submitted higher quality work; thus, “age and employment status were covaried for subsequent analysis with the quality ratings” (p. 15). Paired t tests showed significant improvement to panic disorder based on treatment protocol, with high recovery from panic attacks (94%), anxiety (83%), and phobic avoidance (71%). Importantly, the authors demonstrated that, consistent with pervious research, group-administered CBT is “highly effective for panic disorder” (p. 15). Therapist ratings indicated that quality ratings are “somewhat better predictors of outcome” (p. 16); whereas, researchers found they significantly predicted outcome in .

Stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that clients ratings of compliance were not correlated with outcome, but therapist ratings were and that quality ratings are “somewhat better predictors of outcome” ; independent evaluator ratings and outcomes mimicked those of the therapist, though were “less strongly predictive.” In six of the sessions, compliance was significantly associated with “some outcome variable” and “compliance with particular skills is associated with changes in a related symptom variable” Found that “compliance exerts incremental effects on symptomatology that is best evidence over the entire course of treatment” (p. 17). Researchers found “compliance with particular skills is associated with canges in related symptom variable” Researchers observed that impacts of compliance were not immediate but were noted over time.

Implications

Implications for Counselors, Clients, and Counselling

As noted by the authors, quality of work and training of patients in quality of assignment completion are important factors in CBT success. Also, group CBT therapy is an effective way to employ CBT for panic disorder. Counsellors should understand that immediate effects of CBT may not be immediately evident and may incrementally improve over time. It is important that counsellor and client agree on meaning of quality work. This study is a great example of applied research as findings monitoring of quality and quantity or work between counsellor and client, developing a common understanding “The goal of CBT is to get patients actively involved in their treatment plan” (https://www.psychologytoday.com/ca/therapy-types/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-0 ). Having clients assess their own compliance and understand and be trained in quality completion can enhance treatment success. Support your assertions with citations, using the text and additional references where possible.]

Discussion

Summary

Group CBT is highly effective in treating panic disorder. Homework assignments administered to patients based on clinical status can build skills necessary to reduce panic symptoms. Note that these findings are important in that more attention could be given to quality of individualized homework over quantity. Strengths of this research include control of: ( …..) plus inter-rate reliability which lends internal validity. However, there are limitations to this study to consider: Weaknesses = no random assignment, hard to control for extraneous variables, but medication and mental health controlled for; variation in treatment makes it difficult to directly compare, small sample size; [Summarize the main results with reference to the original hypotheses. To what extent were the hypotheses supported by the findings?] Threats to internal validity: history (repeat applicants); maturation (better as study progresses); test and homework fatigue, statistical conclusion validity? Power? Variable types of homework administered to patients. Control for researcher and participant bias (psychologist) with independent rater.

Interpretation

[Are the conclusions made by the author(s) warranted? What are the possible alternative explanations of the results? What are the strengths of the study? What was done well? What are the weaknesses/limitations of the study? Identify the specific design and describe the salient features (it must be a quantitative design for JAR 1; if you have chosen an experiment for JAR 1, explain whether it is a true experiment or a quasi-experimental design and why). Incorporate your knowledge of course-related concepts in your discussion of these questions (e.g., ethical considerations, reliability/validity of measures, ability to draw causal conclusions, threats to the internal/external validity of the study, generalizability of the study, confounding variables and sources of bias). Support your claims with material from the text and other scholarly references, as appropriate.] power was noted to be compromised due to independent rater examining a subset of participants (p. 16) Researchers found no significant different in “demographics, symptom severity at pretreatment, or average level of compliance during completed portions of the treatment (ps > .05)” between attritors (n = 10) and completers (n – 38)

For Further Study

It would be interesting to perform this study with a control group receiving individual CBT to those receiving group CBT to monitor how individuals may or may not be motivated to complete homework based on group dynamic. Motivation to complete these assignments could have come a Hawthorne effect, participant bias, being observed by other individuals.

 

References

Surname, Initial., Surname, Initial., & Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of journal article with no caps. Title of Journal, Volume number (issue number), page numbers.

Surname, Initial. (Year). Book title: No caps except after colon or if the capitalization is for proper nouns like names of assessment tools. City, State or Province written as 2 letter abbreviation, such as ON: Publisher Name.

Assignment 1 and Assignment 2 Templates

General Description of and Template for Assignments 1 and 2: Journal Article Reviews

(Assignment 1 must include Final Paper Topic declaration)

For Units 3 and 4 of PSYC 6213, complete Assignments 1 & 2 using the template that follows. Refer to this description and the instructions in the syllabus. consult the rubric to see how points are allotted for this assignment. For Assignment 1, you will be declaring the topic for the Final Paper (in the abstract) and reviewing a quantitative journal article relating to the topic you have chosen for the Final Paper. Your topic must be relevant to the field of counselling psychology. For Assignment 2, you will be reviewing a qualitative journal article relating to the topic you have chosen for the final paper.

Please find full text articles in the Yorkville University online library. You may also use scholarly peer-reviewed journals with full text articles available online. Ideally, you will use this assignment to contribute to your topic selection and develop your understanding of the subject for your final paper.

The purpose of an article review is to communicate the main points of a study and to discuss both the implications and strengths and weaknesses of the design. The review is not meant to re-iterate the details of the study and paraphrase each and every point; rather, it should summarize and discuss the study. These assignments should be seen as an opportunity for you to demonstrate your understanding of the course concepts, particularly in the Discussion section. Quotes should be used sparingly or not at all. Your JAR assignments should be about two – three pages in length, not counting the title and reference pages. There are no penalties for going slightly over this limit, but the final length should be close. As a rule of thumb, aim to write about 1/3 page for each of the five main section headings in the template (Introduction, Method, Results, Implications, Discussion).

Submissions should be double-spaced and follow APA format. Please note that APA includes attention to word choice, grammar, punctuation, syntax, page and heading formatting, as well as in-text citation and referencing style. Do not use a numeral to start a sentence (use word form or re-word the sentence to avoid beginning with a number), do not use bullet points, and if you are presenting information that you have not read first-hand (i.e., a secondary source), indicate this using the (as cited in….) convention, as per APA. Note that the secondary source should not be included on your reference page. See Appendix A in the Goodwin text, pp. 379-398, for important guidelines to follow in your writing.

For JAR 1, be sure that the research design in the article selected is quantitative. You MUST distinguish the design type in the discussion. For JAR 2, the design must be qualitative and utilize a formal qualitative methodology (rather than simply asking open-ended questions and reporting the results).

Note: Single-subject case studies are not permitted in either review. For each article, the methodology (statistics for the quantitative studies) and results should be clearly discussed. Meta-analysis is a way to quantitatively synthesize research results; it is not a formal quantitative research design.

 

 

 

Running head: JAR 1 1

 

 

 

 

Assignment 1: Quantitative Journal Article Review and Topic Declaration

Your Name Here

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

JAR 1 2

Abstract

(In the abstract, present the study you are reviewing, name the design, and briefly explain how it relates to the topic chosen for the Final. The topic for the final will be presented as one single sentence that will serve as your working title as you undertake your research. See example abstract below, which you may use as a guide.)

Keywords:

 

This assignment is comprised of a Journal Article Review (JAR) related to the topic chosen for the Final Paper: [Insert one sentence describing the topic you have chosen for the Final Paper (e.g., The use of Animal-Assisted Therapy for treating Selective Mutism in preschool children)]. This article, Insert Title Here, employs a [insert name of the quantitative design (e.g. factorial, correlational, quasi-experimental)] design and is relevant to the topic of the Final because […].

 

 

JAR 1 3

Table of Contents

 

Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….ii

JAR: Quantitative Review [2 – 3 pages, double-spaced] ……………………………………..1

References…………………………………………………………………………………………………….5

 

 

 

JAR 1 4

Title of Paper

Introduction

Statement of Problem

[What is the research problem being addressed and the specific research question(s)? What are the researchers trying to do? Why?]

Literature Review

[Briefly describe important research that guided or precipitated this study. Include citations. Note: this should not be an exhaustive restatement of the article’s introduction; just summarize the key theory or empirical findings that provide the background and rationale for the study being reviewed.]

Hypotheses To Be Tested

[What are the hypotheses of this study? What did the researchers predict they would find?]

Method

[Note: the content under each of these headings shouldn’t take more than one or two lines.]

Participants

[Who were the participants (demographics) and how were they recruited/selected?]

 

JAR 1 5

Materials

[Briefly make note of the materials/measures that were used to assess the variables and assess reliability and validity.]

Procedure

[Briefly describe the procedure – what was done in the study?]

Statistics

[Name the primary statistical design(s) employed. How were the data analysed? What inferential analyses were performed? Which statistics and/or tests of significance?]

Results

[Briefly describe the main findings (include numerical values and alpha levels where appropriate).]

Implications

Implications for Counselors, Clients, and Counselling

[What are the implications of the findings? Support your assertions with citations, using the text and additional references where possible.]

Discussion

Summary

[Summarize the main results with reference to the original hypotheses. To what extent were the hypotheses supported by the findings?]

 

JAR 1 6

Interpretation

[Are the conclusions made by the author(s) warranted? What are the possible alternative explanations of the results? What are the strengths of the study? What was done well? What are the weaknesses/limitations of the study? Identify the specific design and describe the salient features (it must be a quantitative design for JAR 1; if you have chosen an experiment for JAR 1, explain whether it is a true experiment or a quasi-experimental design and why). Incorporate your knowledge of course-related concepts in your discussion of these questions (e.g., ethical considerations, reliability/validity of measures, ability to draw causal conclusions, threats to the internal/external validity of the study, generalizability of the study, confounding variables and sources of bias). Support your claims with material from the text and other scholarly references, as appropriate.]

For Further Study

[Recommend what should be done next in this area. How can this work be followed up or extended?]

 

JAR 1 7

References [alphabetical order]

Surname, Initial., Surname, Initial., & Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of journal article with no caps. Title of Journal, Volume number (issue number), page numbers.

Surname, Initial. (Year). Book title: No caps except after colon or if the capitalization is for proper nouns like names of assessment tools. City, State or Province written as 2 letter abbreviation, such as ON: Publisher Name.

 

Running head: JAR 2 1

 

 

 

Assignment 2: Qualitative Journal Article Review

Your Name Here

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

JAR 2 2

Abstract

(In the abstract, present the study you are reviewing, name the design, and briefly explain how it relates to the topic chosen for the Final. The topic for the final will be presented as one single sentence that will serve as your working title as you undertake your research. See example abstract below, which you may use as a guide.)

Keywords:

This assignment is comprised of a Journal Article Review (JAR) related to the topic chosen for the Final Paper: [Insert one sentence describing the topic you have chosen for the Final Paper (e.g., The use of Animal-Assisted Therapy for treating Selective Mutism in preschool children)]. This article, Insert Title Here, uses a [insert name of formal qualitative methodology (e.g., grounded theory, phenomenological, ethnographic)] design and is relevant to the topic of the Final because […]. )

 

JAR 2 3

Table of Contents

 

Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….ii

JAR: Qualitative Review [2 – 3 pages, double-spaced] ………………………………………..1

References…………………………………………………………………………………………………….5

 

 

 

 

JAR 2 4

Title of Paper

Introduction

Statement of Problem

[What is the research problem being addressed and the specific research question(s)? What are the researchers trying to do? Why?]

Literature Review

[Briefly describe important research that guided or precipitated this study. Include citations. Note: this should not be an exhaustive restatement of the article’s introduction; just summarize the key theory or empirical findings that provide the background and rationale for the study being reviewed.]

Research Questions Being Investigated

[What are the primary research questions of this study? What were the researchers interested in exploring?]

Method

[Note: the content under each of these headings should not take more than one or two lines.]

Participants

[Who were the participants (demographics) and how were they recruited/selected?]

 

 

JAR 2 5

Materials

[Briefly describe the materials that were used to collect the data.]

Procedure

[Briefly describe the procedure – what was done in the study?]

Data Analysis

[How were the data collected? How were the data analysed?

Results

[Briefly describe the main findings. Discuss the clinical relevance of the findings.]

Implications

Implications for Counselors, Clients, and Counselling

[What are the implications of the findings? Support your assertions with citations, using the text and additional references where possible.]

Discussion

Summary

[Summarize the main results with reference to the original research question. To what extent did the findings support the research question?]

Interpretation

 

 

JAR 2 6

[Are the conclusions made by the author(s) warranted? What are the possible alternative explanations of the results? What are the strengths of the study? What was done well? What are the weaknesses/limitations of the study? Identify the specific design and describe the salient features. Incorporate your knowledge of course-related concepts in your discussion of these questions (e.g., ethical considerations). Support your claims with material from the text and other scholarly references, as appropriate.]

For Further Study

[Recommend what should be done next in this area. How can this work be followed up or extended?]

 

JAR 2 7

References [alphabetical order]

Surname, Initial., Surname, Initial., & Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of journal article with no caps. Title of Journal, Volume number (issue number), page numbers.

Surname, Initial. (Year). Book title: No caps except after colon or if the capitalization is for proper nouns like names of assessment tools. City, State or Province written as 2 letter abbreviation, such as ON: Publisher Name.

PSYC 6213 – Journal Article Reviews Template 16

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Magellan CANS Assessment

We are only rating the mom Only. This is for someone who has experience with the CANS assessment only:Please see attachment

 

When completing the vignettes, there is a vignette assumption. That is, when reading assume that a full assessment has been done and no mention means ‘no evidence’. This is the standard quality assurance if it is not documented it does not exist assumption. What that means, then if there is no mention of a need, the rating should be a ‘0’. If there is no mention of a strength, then the rating should be a ‘3’. So, no mention of a suicidality would result in a rating of ‘0’ on Suicide Risk. No mention of any talents or interests would result in a rating of ‘3’ on Talents/Interests.

Another way to think about it is that you start the assessment with all 0 ratings on the Needs and all 3 ratings on the Child/Youth Strength and then you look for evidence to adjust your scores accordingly using the action levels.   Caregiver ratings use the Need action levels for the vignettes.

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Exam

Question 1

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In the Kohlberg’s pre-conventional stage of individualism and exchange, children recognize that there is only one right view and that is handed down by the authorities.

Select one:

True

False

Question 2

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Social risk factors in pregnancy that can have a negative effect on development include

Select one:

a. a large family

b. a lack of maternal education

c. the prenatal environment

d. unemployment

Question 3

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Information processing characterizes thinking as the environment providing input of data, which is then transformed by our senses. The information can be stored, retrieved and transformed using “mental programs”, with the results being behavioral responses.

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True

False

Question 4

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According to Erickson, infancy is the stage of

Select one:

a. rapid growth and development

b. trust vs. mistrust

c. attachment

d. obtaining object permanence

Question 5

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A person who hates mess, is obsessively tidy, punctual and respectful of authority are examples of a person in ____ stage?

Select one:

a. oral

b. phallic

c. genital

d. anal

Question 6

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Use of which of the following substances leads to the most preventable cause of irreversible developmental disabilities in the Western world?

 

Select one:

a. Herion

b. Alcohol

c. Crack cocaine

d. Cigarettes

 

Question 7

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​Which of the following statements is FALSE about infant communication?

 

Select one:

a. Babies need to hear speech from birth or they will not begin to babble at the appropriate age.

b. Babies prefer adult speech to baby talk.

c. Although all babies eventually develop all forms of speech, babies from different racial and cultural backgrounds develop these forms of speech in different sequences.

d. By the end of the first year, a baby’s expressive language is better than its receptive language.

Question 8

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Which of the following factors does NOT contribute as a barrier to father-infant interactions in an unmarried, non-cohabitated situation?

Select one:

a. Maternal depression

b. Negative relationship with the mother’s family

c. Poverty

d. father’s occupation

Question 9

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Views of others matter, avoidance of blame and seek approval are characteristics of what level of Kohlberg’s theory?

Select one:

a. level 2: conventional morality

b. level 3: post-conventional morality

c. level 1: pre-conventional morality

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During the Erickson’s generativity vs stagnation stage, we contemplate our accomplishments and can develop integrity if we see ourselves as leading a successful life.

Select one:

True

False

Question 11

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Which of the following is NOT true about childbirth?

Select one:

a. Patterned breathing and relaxation can reduce a woman’s perception of pain.

b. Walking and movement during childbirth can shorten the labor.

c. Use of medication during labor and delivery is always a safe option.

d. The presence of a supportive birth attendant during labor can result in the requirement of less medical intervention

Question 12

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Seth’s mother is playing a game with him. She hides his favorite bear under a couch pillow. Seth pushes the pillow aside and picks up his bear. Seth is displaying

Select one:

a. object permanence

b. memory

c. problem solving

d. primary circular reactions

 

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Question 13

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Which of the following statements is TRUE about failure to thrive infants?

 

Select one:

a. Failure to thrive infants start life at a low birth weight.

b. Failure to thrive is often an interaction between biologic and environmental factors.

c. Failure to thrive is usually associated with maternal deprivation.

d. Usually failure to thrive cases can be divided into those with identifiable organic and nonorganic causes.

Question 14

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​It is important for parents of an infant being cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit to

Select one:

a. spend time interacting with their infant

b. avoid touching their infant because of the risk of injury

c. visit with their infant only for brief periods of time.

d. only interact with their infant through a protective plastic barrier

Question 15

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Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning the effects of illegal drugs on prenatal development?

 

Select one:

a. Illegal drug use can increase the risk of low birth weight

b. Illegal drug use results in developmental disabilities and birth defects

c. Illicit drug use during pregnancy can increase the risk of miscarriage.

d. Infants born to addicted mothers can also be addicte

Question 16

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In the psychosexual  _____ stage in life are oral, or mouth orientated, such as sucking, biting, and breastfeeding.

Select one:

a. phallic

b. genital

c. anal

d. oral

Question 17

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All of the following are results of early intervention programs with families EXCEPT

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a. reduction in delinquent behavior

b. decrease in sexually transmitted diseases

c. improvement of cognitive development

d. improved social adjustment

Question 18

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Infant mortality rates are highest in states that have

Select one:

a. poor literacy rates

b. poor access to health care

c. higher teen birth rates

d. higher rates of obesity

Question 19

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Infant mental health

Select one:

a. involves therapy

b. has never been studied

c. Focuses on the infant’s feeding behaviors

d. refers to the infant’s emotional, social and cognitive functioning

Question 20

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The Apgar test helps determine

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a. the general condition of the newborn immediately after birth

b. the maturity of the infant’s lungs.

c. the expected size of the infant at birth

d. the length of time expected for labor.

Question 21

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Which of the following is a result of high maternal depression during pregnancy?

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a. Spontaneous abortion

b. Lower vagal tone

c. Small head circumference

d. Slowed growth

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Which of the following has NOT been associated with an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome?

 

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a. Placing the infant in the caregiver’s bed to sleep

b. Prematurity

c. Exposure to tobacco smoke

d. Placing the infant on his stomach to sleep

Question 23

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In Erickson’s theory, the child begins to assert control and power over their environment by planning activities, accomplishing tasks and facing challenges in which stage?

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a. Intimacy vs. Isolation

b. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

c. Initiative vs. Guilt

d. Industry vs. Inferiority

Question 24

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Researchers can determine how babies process information by measuring how long it takes a baby to stop paying attention to the same stimulus. This is called

Select one:

a. categorization

b. boredom

c. dishabituation

d. habituation

 

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Helping the mother identify which of her behaviors has contributed to the infant’s growth and nutrition problem is an appropriate treatment for failure to thrive.

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True

False

Question 26

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Depression can interfere with parenting an infant in all of the following ways EXCEPT

 

Select one:

a. The depressed parent is less likely to change the infant’s diapers.

b. The depressed parent is less responsive to the infant.

c. The depressed parent is less inclined to play with the infant.

d. The depressed parent makes less eye contact when feeding the infant.

Question 27

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Piaget’s ____ stage is logical reasoning that can only be applied to objects that are real or can be seen.

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a. pre-operational

b. formal operations

c. concrete operations

d. sensori-motor stage

 

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All of the following might place a baby at risk for attachment failure EXCEPT

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a. substance abuse by parents

b. maternal depression

c. prematurity

d. high levels of environmental stress

Question 29

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In the psychosexual ____ stage, the child’s energy is channeled into developing new skills and acquiring new knowledge, and play becomes largely confined to other children of the same gender.

Select one:

a. anal

b. phallic

c. genital

d. latency

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In this Erickson’s stage, the child’s peer group will gain greater significance and will become a major source of the child’s self-esteem.

Select one:

a. Industry vs. inferiority

b. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

c. Intimacy vs. isolation

d. Identity vs. role confusion

Previou

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877025

For this assignment, you will write the psychological report Using the Sample Report as a format guide, construct a psychological report with a referral question, incorporating Frank’s Psychosocial History and MSE located under additional resources. These are raw materials to incorporate into your report. If you feel some points need elaboration or clarification feel free to do an imaginary interview with Frank and incorporate additional information.   For the Test Results section of your report, review and interpret the WAIS-IV protocol that is located under the additional resources tab.  Conclude your paper with diagnostic impressions and summary/recommendations.
Please refer to the following materials located under additional resources to help you complete this assignment: WAIS-IV Results, WAIS-IV PowerPoint, Psych Report Writing, and Sample Report.  You will need to review and interpret the WAIS-IV protocols for the test result section of your report. Please review the WAIS-IV PowerPoint to gain further information about the WAIS-IV. Psych Report Writing is a helpful guide on how to discuss the results of the WAIS-IV and at the end of this document, you will find a table to convert scores to percentiles and classifications. The Sample Report is a helpful guide on how to format and write this assignment.

Review and interpret the WRAT-4 protocol that is located under the additional resources tab, and add to your previous report.  In light of this new information, consider if you want to revise or add to your diagnoses, summary, and recommendations.
When discussing the WRAT-4 results, be sure to include a discussion of the WRAT-4 scores in which you would want to present the Standard Scores, percentile ranks, and classifications for each subtest of the WRAT-4 (Word Reading, Sentence Comprehension, Spelling, Math Computation, and Reading Composite). You do not need to present grade levels.  You also want to talk about scores that are out of the normal range and what that might suggest.

Please refer to the following materials located under additional resources to help you complete this assignment: WRAT4 Results, WRAT4 PowerPoint, Psych Report Writing, and Sample Report.  You will need to review and interpret the WRAT4 protocols for the test result section of your report. Please review the WRAT4 PowerPoint to gain further information about the WRAT4. Psych Report Writing is a helpful guide on how to discuss the results of the WRAT4 and at the end of this document, you will find a table to convert scores to percentiles and classifications. The Sample Report is a helpful guide on how to format and write this assignment.

Review and interpret the MMPI-2 protocol that is located under the additional resources tab, and add this to your previous report.  In light of this new information, consider if you want to revise or add to your diagnoses, summary, and recommendations.

When discussing the MMPI-2 results, be sure to include a discussion of the validity scales (you can refer to your text for further guidance). Then interpret/discuss the clinical scales that are clinically significant, which are a T-score of 65 or greater. Your text and the PowerPoint of the MMPI-2 (found under the additional resources tab) list interpretive paragraphs of such scores, which you can integrate into your interpretation section of your paper.

Please refer to the following materials located under additional resources to help you complete this assignment: MMPI-2 protocol, MMPI-2  PowerPoint, Psych Report Writing, and Sample Report.  You will need to review and interpret the MMPI-2 protocols for the test result section of your report. Please review the MMPI-2 PowerPoint to gain further information about the MMPI-2. Psych Report Writing is a helpful guide on how to discuss the results of the MMPI-2. The Sample Report is a helpful guide on how to format and write this assignment.
All assignments MUST be typed, double-spaced, in APA style, and must be written at graduate level English.

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Discussion

Academic engagement through active participation in instructional activities related to the course objectives is paramount to your success in this course and future courses.  Through interaction with your instructor and classmates, you will explore the course material and be provided with the best opportunity for objective and competency mastery.  To begin this class, review the course objectives for each Topic, and then answer the following questions as this will help guide your instructor for course instruction.

1. Which weekly objectives do you have prior knowledge of and to what extent?

2. Which weekly objectives do you have no prior knowledge of?

3. What course-related topics would you like to discuss with your instructor and classmates?  What questions or concerns do you have about this course?

 

This was my answer:

1. After looking through the weekly objectives, I do not have any knowledge of any topic.

2. Almost all of the weekly objectives are unknown to me.

3. I have problems with time management skills, and also APA format writing. I am a little nervous, but I know that I can count on my classmates and my instructor if I need any help.

 

I need to reply to a discussion of two of my classmates.

Shacara Myers

Aug 28, 2023, 12:49 PM

Unread

1. I have prior knowledge of the weekly objectives. I just finished my associates degree online at Brookdale Community College, so time management as well as how to prioritize my personal life with school shouldn’t be too difficult. I can’t say it’ll be easy because not all classes are the same and not all professors have the same expectation when it comes to class assignments. My advisor/ graduation team gave me a very thorough overview of how GCU halo works. I was shown how each section on halo works, how to view assignments, how the week is spread out, deadlines on the calendar and I can find great help through the Grand Canyon University Library. What to expect the classes would be like and any resources I would need to help me succeed at GCU.

2. While attending Brookdale, I wrote mostly in MLA format rather than APA format, so I would say maybe that is what I don’t have prior knowledge on, but there’s a few classes where I did one or two papers using APA, but I could be a little rusty.

3. I have done discussions weekly on canvas, the topics of the discussions went based on the current topic we are reviewing. I liked doing discussions because it gave you others’ points of view on what you’re discussing. Or even realize that there’s points you didn’t realize but someone else saw. Helps you to see if you truly understand what you’re doing, and there’s others there to help as you go. So overall I’d want to discuss anything necessary that the instructor wants to pinpoint. I don’t have any questions as yet for this course, I’m surprised to be taking a course that’s not pertaining to my major but interested to learn more since it’s a required class.

 

Shannon Walters

Aug 28, 2023, 12:47 PM

Unread

1. I do not have any knowledge of any of the weekly objectives.

2. I have no knowledge of any objectives.

3. I have no questions for my instructor, the only concern that i have is time management.

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HU 2000 Critical Thinking and Problem Solving!

Why  is it important to follow a process when trying to solve problems?

 

                    

 

This    assignment helps you apply your knowledge from this week’s modules and    readings.

 

 

Decision making is a systematic process    of selecting the best among the different alternatives. Making decisions can    be difficult but following a process will provide an individual with    confidence, accountability and self-awareness. Being an effective decision    maker is key to personal and career success.

 

 

50

 

Universal Intellectual Standards
Using the week 2 reading about  Universal Standards, answer the questions below.

1. Universal  Intellectual Standards guide you  through the process of  validating information and asking questions to collect accurate data. List the  nine (9) Universal Intellectual Standards.

A. Type   answer here

B. Type   answer here

C. Type   answer here

D. Type   answer here

E. +

F. Type   answer here

G. Type   answer here

H. Type   answer here

I. Type   answer here

2. Decide which of the 9 Universal  Intellectual Standards you are demonstrating when you ask the following  questions.

 

QUESTIONS

STANDARD

 

Could    you give more details? Could you be more specific?

Type answer     here

 

How does your answer address the complexities    in the question? How are you taking into account the problems in the    question? Is that dealing with the most significant factors?

Type answer     here

 

Do we need to consider another point of    view? Is there another way to look at this question? What would this look    like from a conservative standpoint?

Type answer     here

 

 The Good Samaritan
Read the short story, The Good Samaritan, and answer the  questions below.

3. After  Jim (the main character) found the man in the hallway near his apartment, what  problem was immediately identified?

Type answer here

4. If  you follow Jim’s actions throughout the night, what did he do to deepen his  understanding and gain relevant information about the condition of the  stranger?

Type answer here

5. The  morning after the incident, Jim’s alarm wakes him up.

a. What options did Jim consider that morning?

Type answer here

b. What were the consequences of these options?

Type answer here

6. A  critical thinker scrutinizes the solution and self-corrects. Do you think that  Jim’s course of action would have changed because of the new information he  learned by opening the man’s bag?  Explain. 

Type   answer here

7. Pretend  that the man did not die but will live once he recovers. Also, pretend that  you are Jim. Would you call the police or let the man go home since he already  suffered a serious medical condition? Explain.

Type answer here

8. Why  is the title of the story: The Good Samaritan? Explain. 

Type answer here

 

 

 

Problem Solving

9. Select  the answer that correctly fills in the blanks to complete the sentence.

When considering how well a particular solution to a problem  is working, the critical thinker is someone who is __________ to new ideas and  experiences and __________ enough to change or modify new beliefs.

☐ Neutral;  insightful

☐ Open;  positive

☐ Receptive;  flexible

☐ Open;  eager

10. In  order to effectively solve problems, you must think carefully and  systematically to find a solution.

Your book describes a 5-step problem-solving process. Explain how each step in this process can  help a person solve a problem.

 

STEP

IMPORTANCE

 

1. What is the problem?

Type answer here

 

2. What are the alternatives?

Type answer here

 

3. What are the advantages and/or disadvantages    of each alternative?

Type answer here

 

4. What is the solution?

Type answer here

 

5. How well is the solution working?

Type answer here

11. Do  you view problems as obstacles to success or growth opportunities? Explain  your answer.

Type answer here

12. After  watching the VIDEO “What the  Internet is doing to our Brains,”  how would you answer the following questions:  Is Google making us stupider? Explain. 

Type answer here

 

 Reflection
Reflect on what you have learned this  week to help you respond to the question below. You may choose to respond in  writing or by recording a video!

13. Imagine  you are working as a Medical Administrative Assistant at a local hospital in  your neighborhood. It’s your first day of work at your new job and you are  excited to get to work and learn as much as you can. However, shortly after  arriving at work, you discover that there has been a miscommunication with HR  about your start date. The office was expecting you to start the following day  instead. As a result, your login information for the office’s computer system  has not been created just yet, and the person responsible for training you is  on Paid Time Off (PTO).

Explain how would you expect a manager  to use the 5 Step Process  introduced during this week in order to resolve this miscommunication problem.  Provide specific reasons for each step and answer as detailed as possible.

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Paper Human Sexuality

Discuss childbirth in America, particularly with regards to common medical interventions employed in the labor and delivery process. Please express your opinions on what we, as a society, are getting right (if anything) and on what ought to be changed (if anything). Support your arguments with data from peer-reviewed scientific journal articles. Feel free to discuss prenatal or neonatal care if you wish, but be sure to cover labor and delivery. find , chapter 8 and 9

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When the price of a good falls, there will be

Question

1. Question :

When the price of a good falls, there will be __________.

an outward shift in the good’s demand curve

both an outward shift in the good’s demand curve and a movement along the good’s demand curve

a movement along the good’s demand curve

no change in quantity demanded

Question 2. Question :

If the price of Pepsi increases, then there will be ________ of Pepsi.

a decrease in the supply

an increase in the supply

an increase in the quantity supplied

a decrease in the quantity supplied

Question 3. Question :

Refer to the figure below. The equilibrium price and quantity are __________.

image

$2 and 12 units

$6 and 9 units

$8 and 6 units

$10 and 1 unit

Question 4. Question :

In the automobile industry, workers have just negotiated a new contract giving workers a large raise. There has also been an increase in the number of licensed drivers who are in the market for a new car. In the market for new automobiles, the effects that these changes will have on the equilibrium price and quantity are: __________.

price will increase, and quantity will decrease

price will increase, and the effect on quantity is indeterminate

price will decrease, and quantity will increase

price will decrease, and the effect on quantity is indeterminate

Question 5. Question :

In a market, the rationing function of prices results in __________.

long queues or waiting lines

a price ceiling

equilibrium

a shortage or surplus

Question 6. Question :

If a price floor is set below the current market clearing price, then __________.

a surplus must immediately occur

a shortage must immediately occur

there will be incentives for black markets to develop

quantity demanded will remain equal to quantity supplied at the current market clearing price

Question 7. Question :

A result of a positive externality in the production of a good is that __________.

the price system will over-allocate resources to the production of that good or service

the price system will under-allocate resources to the production of that good or service

the market supply will be too high

the market demand will be too high

Question 8. Question :

A fundamental aspect of public goods is that they __________.

are just like private goods EXCEPT that everybody wants to consume the same amount

have positive externalities

are characterized by the principle of rival consumption

can be consumed jointly by many people simultaneously

Question 9. Question :

The free-rider problem is encountered when __________.

someone benefits from the consumption of a public good without paying his or her full share

all individuals who consume a public good pay for it

all goods consumed and produced are private goods

all individuals are willing to pay for what they consume

Question 10. Question :

If a seller lowers the price of a product when demand is price inelastic, then the seller can expect revenues to __________.

rise

fall

stay the same

either rise or fall, but it is impossible to determine which

Question 11. Question :

When two goods are unrelated, __________.

the demands for both goods will be inelastic

cross price elasticity of demand will be 0

cross price elasticity of demand will be negative

cross price elasticity of demand will be positive

Question 12. Question :

If one’s demand for peanut butter decreases as income rises, then the income elasticity of demand for the product is __________.

elastic

inelastic

unit elastic

negative

Question 13. Question :

On a hot summer day, a construction worker enters a McDonald’s fast-food restaurant. He orders the first Big Mac. He consumes it within 3 minutes. He then orders a second Big Mac and consumes it in 10 minutes. He eats only half of the third one in 18 minutes and throws away the rest. The store manager offers him the fourth for free. The construction worker says: “No thanks.” Why?

For the construction worker, total utility increased at an increasing rate.

Marginal utility increased at an increasing rate.

Marginal utility declined as he consumed additional Big Macs.

The law of diminishing marginal utility does not apply to consumption of Big Macs.

Question 14. Question :

If a consumer concludes that the marginal utility of the last dollar spent on vegetables exceeds the marginal utility of the last dollar spent on junk food, he will respond by

consuming relatively more junk food and fewer vegetables

consuming relatively more vegetables and less junk food

consuming equal amounts of vegetables and junk food

halting consumption of junk food altogether

Question 15. Question :

The substitution effect shows that __________.

if the price of a good increases, consumers buy more of that good and less of all others

if the price of a good falls relative to all other goods, consumers buy less of that good and more of all others

if the price of a good falls, consumers buy less of all goods

if the price of a good rises, consumers buy less of that good and more of others

Question 16. Question :

Economists generally define the short run as being __________.

that period of time in which at least one of the firm’s inputs, usually plant size, is fixed

that period of time in which all inputs are variable

any period of time less than one year

any period of time less than six months

Question 17. Question :

The marginal product of labor may increase rapidly initially as more __________.

workers are able to specialize

total product is decreasing

the amount of other inputs is held constant

workers will get crowded in a fixed factory

Question 18. Question :

A decrease in long-run average costs resulting from increases in output is __________.

attributed to economies of scale

attributed to diseconomies of scale

attributed to constant returns to scale

attributed to the law of diminishing marginal product

Question 19. Question :

In a perfectly competitive industry __________.

each firm is a price maker

no buyer or seller can influence the market price

there is apt to be a shortage of sellers of output

firms can never make an economic profit

Question 20. Question :

A firm seeking to maximize economic profits should produce at the output at which __________.

total revenue equals total cost

marginal revenue equals marginal cost

average revenue equals average cost

marginal revenue equals average revenue

Question 21. Question :

Price equals the minimum of long-run average cost __________.

in a long-run equilibrium

in a short-run equilibrium as well as in a long-run equilibrium

whenever average revenue equals marginal cost

along a horizontal long-run supply curve but not along an upward sloping long-run supply curve

Question 22. Question :

To sell one more unit of a good, a monopolist must __________.

lower the price on the last unit only

lower the price on all units

raise the price only on the last unit sold

raise the prices on all goods

Question 23. Question :

Refer to the figure below. What is the profit-maximizing price and output?

$9, 14

$13, 14

$11, 16

$10, 17

Question 24. Question :

A monopolist engages in price discrimination __________.

by charging a higher price to consumers whose demand is more elastic

by charging a higher price when marginal cost is lower

by charging a lower price to consumers whose demand is more elastic

by charging the same price to all consumers

Question 25. Question :

Compared to perfect competition, a monopolistically competitive market will produce ________ output and charge a ________ price.

more; higher

more; lower

less; higher

less; lower

Question 26. Question :

If firms in a monopolistically competitive industry are operating with positive economic profit, over time we would see __________.

firms alter their advertising rates until they made at least normal profits

some firms entering the industry, causing the market supply curve to shift to the right, lowering price

some firms entering the industry, causing the demand curves of the existing firms to shift to the left

some firms entering the industry, causing the demand curves of the existing firms to shift to the right

Question 27. Question :

The brand name of a firm __________.

has nothing to do with the profitability of a firm

has been considered irrelevant by economists since profits for a monopolistic competitive firm are zero in the long-run

relates to consumers’ perception of product differentiation and to the market value of a firm

is important in the short-run but not in the long-run

Question 28. Question :

Which of the following is NOT a necessary condition for oligopoly?

Barriers to entry

Strategic dependence of firms

Differentiated products

Either a small number of firms or market dominance by a small number of firms

Question 29. Question :

Refer to the payoff matrix below for the profits (in $ millions) of two firms (X and Y) making a decision to advertise or not. Which of the following is the outcome of the dominant strategy without cooperation?

Both firm X and firm Y choose not to advertise.

Both firm X and firm Y choose to advertise.

Firm X chooses to advertise while firm Y chooses not to advertise.

Firm X chooses not to advertise while firm Y chooses to advertise.

Question 30. Question :

Cheating in a cartel is more likely to occur if the industry __________.

has a large number of firms

has homogeneous products

has easily observable prices

has little variation in prices

Question 31. Question :

A firm will not hire additional workers once __________.

it earns accounting profits

the additional cost of a worker equals the additional revenue from the worker

total product is rising

the company reaches its breakeven output level

Question 32. Question :

When the demand curve for an input is a derived demand this means that __________.

the demand curve is derived from the demand for the final product being produced

the demand curve depends upon the MFC

the law of diminishing marginal product does not hold

the demand curve slopes upward

Question 33. Question :

The equilibrium wage rate in an industry is determined by __________.

finding where the market supply curve indicates that the substitution effect and income effect of a wage increase are offsetting

the intersection of the market demand curve for labor and the market supply curve for labor

the strength of the substitution effect relative to the elasticity of demand for labor

whether workers or management are better at negotiating

 

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PHIL 109 WEEK 1 CHAPTER 3 QUIZ

•           Question 1

2 out of 2 points

 

Vioxx, Celebrex, and Bextra are painkillers, and all of them are risky for heart patients. It must be the case that all painkillers are risky for heart patients.

 

•           Question 2

2 out of 2 points

 

Radio host Rush Limbaugh argues that America’s foreign policy is a great success. But who is this screwball Limbaugh? He’s nothing but a fascist, sexist, homophobic, drug-addicted moron, who will say anything to stir up the ultra right. Every sane person shuts him off.

 

•           Question 3

2 out of 2 points

 

Every component in this boat is made of rust-proof material. Therefore, the entire boat is rust-proof.

 

•           Question 4

2 out of 2 points

 

Either you buy me a new Rolls Royce or I’ll have to walk to work in the snow. And I’m sure you don’t want me to do that.

 

•           Question 5

2 out of 2 points

 

Either Thomas Edison or Samuel F. B. Morse invented the telegraph. But it wasn’t Edison. Therefore, Morse invented the telegraph.

 

•           Question 6

2 out of 2 points

 

Nobody has ever seen Mr. Albie walk without crutches. We conclude that Mr. Albie needs crutches to walk.

 

•           Question 7

2 out of 2 points

 

Floyd Conway has given us his reasons for unrestricted logging in our national forests. But it’s obvious why he says these things. Floyd is a lumberjack, and he just wants to ensure that he’ll have a job in the years ahead.

 

•           Question 8

2 out of 2 points

 

During the five years that Clarence has worn a Rolex watch, three of his married friends have gotten a divorce. Thus, to prevent any more divorces, it is essential that he stop wearing that watch.

 

•           Question 9

2 out of 2 points

 

Tom is a bit of a dunce when it comes to mathematics, and he hasn’t studied a bit for the next test. Therefore, he probably won’t do very well on that test.

 

•           Question 10

2 out of 2 points

 

The idea that fast food is unhealthy is a lot of hooey. Why, 90% of America eats fast food.

 

•           Question 11

2 out of 2 points

 

We know for certain that no armadillos are aardvarks. It is therefore equally certain that no aardvarks are armadillos.

 

•           Question 12

2 out of 2 points

 

This brick made of 24 caret gold has been sliced into 50 pieces. Therefore, each of the pieces must be 24 caret gold.

 

•           Question 13

2 out of 2 points

 

Movie star Marci Downs says in magazine ads that the new Porsche XKG is the sexiest car on the road. But you shouldn’t take what she says too seriously because she’s paid thousands of dollars to make these ads.

 

•           Question 14

2 out of 2 points

 

Either you buy me a new Rolex watch, or I’ll be late for all my meetings. I’m sure you don’t want me to be late, so you’ll buy me the Rolex. How about that one with diamonds in it?

 

•           Question 15

2 out of 2 points

 

Dr. Williams cheated Medicare by exaggerating expenses, and Dr. Fox cheated by submitting fees for nonexistent patients. Dr. Harris defrauded a dozen insurance companies by requiring unneeded lab tests. The apparent conclusion is that all doctors cheat.

 

 

•           Question 16

2 out of 2 points

 

My dear, you shouldn’t hesitate a minute before buying a new mink coat. Real fur is in right now, and a full mink is the ultimate in fashion. It tells the whole world that you have exquisite taste and the wherewithal to express it.

 

•           Question 17

2 out of 2 points

 

Every ingredient in this new drink concoction is highly alcoholic. Therefore, the drink is highly alcoholic.

 

•           Question 18

2 out of 2 points

 

Renee Richards argues in favor of reducing the patient load of our nurses. But it’s obvious why she says this. Renee is a nurse herself, so of course she wants a reduced patient load. Nobody should pay too much attention to her pleas.

 

•           Question 19

2 out of 2 points

 

Former President Bush argued in favor of privatizing Social Security. But just look at the man. He can’t even pronounce half the words in the English language, he’s a notorious liar, and his face looks like it came off the cover of MAD Magazine. Bush’s arguments are pure trash.

 

•           Question 20

2 out of 2 points

 

A few days after Margi joined the Democratic Party she got pregnant and lost her job. Therefore, it’s important that you never join up with the Democrats.

 

•           Question 21

2 out of 2 points

 

Professor Wilson argues that it is absolutely wrong for students to plagiarize their work. But who is she to talk? I have it on good evidence that Wilson plagiarized her own work when she was a student.

 

•           Question 22

2 out of 2 points

 

After returning from a two-week vacation, Robert turned the key in his usually reliable Camry, but nothing happened. Apparently the car has a dead battery.

 

•           Question 23

2 out of 2 points

 

The fallacy in which the arguer misinterprets an opponent’s argument for the purpose of more easily attacking it is:

 

•           Question 24

2 out of 2 points

 

It’s never a good idea to allow your teenage kids to have a sip of champagne on New Year’s Eve.  Next thing you know they’ll be drinking beer during TV football games.  Then it’ll be wine every night at dinner.  Then bloody Mary’s every morning.  Soon they’ll be raging alcoholics, and the costs for rehab will be enormous.

 

•           Question 25

2 out of 2 points

 

Hugo lost an arm in a car accident last year.  But surely he will get it back.  Most lost things turn up sooner or later.

 

 

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Discussion Board 4 Applied Behavioral Analysis 2

Antecedent control strategies: Misapplications and generalization

Part 1: After reading the chapter on antecedent control procedures, turn to page 351 in the Miltenberger digital text, and select one of the six “misapplications” cases. In your main post, briefly recap the case and discuss the reason the antecedent control procedure is not being used effectively. Provide an alternative plan that includes at least one antecedent control strategy from your reading.

Part 2: Using the alternative plan that you have created, select one of the methods of promoting generalization discussed in Chapter 28 of Cooper, Heron, and Heward, and discuss how you would incorporate this method of generalization into your corrected behavior management plan.

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