Agendas and Steps for Activating Change

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Social change occurs because a person or group gains the attention and support of decisions makers. Decision makers, often in the form of legislators or political representatives, have access to putting issues and policies on the agenda for the business by the assembly. Being placed on an agenda gives you the opportunity to present your advocacy work directly to decision makers and may well determine the success of the development of a policy proposal.

Therefore, policy advocates need to be ready to advocate for their proposal for social change. For this Assignment, you will review 10 issues for activating change and consider how the issues apply to the social problem you selected earlier in the course.

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Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development

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AS Description: Describe Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development and identify two television or movie characters struggling with a moral dilemma who are at two different stages of moral reasoning.

AS Instructions: Describe in detail Kohlberg’s Six Stages of Moral Development. Choose two TV or movie characters presented with moral dilemmas. Identify Kohlberg’s stages of moral reasoning for the two characters. The characters can be from different TV shows or movies but must be in different stages of moral development. Give a detailed explanation of the dilemma and why you choose the particular stage. The assignment should be a minimum of 500 words in length and follow strict APA 7th edition format. Upload as a Word document.

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what’s the dependent and independent variable?

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The assignment requires students to locate a peer-reviewed primary article in the University’s periodical holdings, read it and answer questions about it.

Please use the University’s Library to locate the article “The Pen Is Mightier Than the Keyboard: Advantages of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking”. It is a primary research article reporting three empirical studies published in the peer-reviewed journal Psychological Science. It was published in 2014 in volume 25.

1. After reading the article, using APA style please provide a reference citation for this article.

2. What was the hypothesis investigated in Experiment 1?

3. List the independent variable(s) and corresponding conditions or levels.

4. List the dependent variable(s) and how they were measured.

5. Were the participants randomly assigned to condition?

6. Was evidence found to support or refute the hypothesis? Describe, in your own words, the results.

7. What was the purpose of Experiment 2?

8. List the independent variable(s) and corresponding conditions or levels.

9. List the dependent variable(s) and how they were measured.

10. Were the participants randomly assigned to condition?

11. Was evidence found to support or refute the hypothesis? Describe, in your own words, the results.

12. Describe, in your own words, what the researchers concluded from the results of the experiments.

Please use a question and answer format to record your answers in a word document and submit it in the assignments section of the course. The document should use Times New Roman 12 point font and be double-spaced.

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For excellentassignments only

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1.A sample is selected from a population with µ = 80. After a treatment is administered to the individuals, the sample mean is found to be M = 75 and the variance is s2 = 100.

a. If the sample has n = 4 scores, then calculate the estimated standard error and determine whether the sample is sufficient to conclude that the treatment has a significant effect? Use a two-tailed test with alpha = 0.05

b. If the sample has n=25 scores, then calculate the estimate standard error and determine whether the sample is sufficient to conclude that the treatment has a significant effect? Use a two-tailed test with alpha = 0.05

c. Describe how increasing the size of the sample affects he stanard erro and the likelihood of rejecting null hypothesis

 

2.A researcher is testing the effect of a new cold and flu medication on mental alertness. A sample of n=9 college students is obtained and each student is given the normal dose of the medicine. Thirty minutes later, each students performance is measured on a video game that requires careful attention and quick decision making. The scores for the nine students are as follows: 6,8,10,6,7,13,5,5,3.

a. Assuming that scores for students in the regular population average u=10, are the data sufficient to conclude that the medication has a significant effect on mental performance? Test at the .05 level of significance.

 

b. Compute r2, the percentage of variance explained by treatment effect.

 

c. Write a sentence demonstrating how the outcome of the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size would be presented in a research report.

 

3.A researcher conducts an independent-measures study examining how the brain chemical serotonin is related to aggression. One sample of rats serves as a control group and receives a placebo that does not affect normal levels of serotonin. A second sample of rats receives a drug that lowers brain levels of serotonin. Then the researcher tests the animals by recording the number of aggressive responses each of the rats display. The data are as follows.

Control Low Serotonin
n = 10 n = 15
M = 14 M = 19
SS = 180.5 SS = 130.0
a. Does the drug have a significant effect on aggression? Use an alpha level of .05, two
tails.

 

4. An educational psychologist studies the effect of frequent testing on retention of class material. In one section of an introductory course, students are given quizzes each week. A second section of the same course receives only two tests during the semester. At the end of the semester, both sections take the same final examination. The summarized scores below frequent quizzesn=20, M=73, two exams- n=20;M=68.

 

a. If the sample variance is s2=38 and second has s2=42, do the data indicate that testing frequency has siggnificant effect on performance? Use a two tailed test at the .05 level of signifficance. (note because the two samples are the same size, the pooled variance is simply the average of the two sample variances.)

 

b. If the first sample variance is s2=84 and the second sample has s2=96, to tge data indicate that testing has signifficant effect? Again use a two tailed test with Alpha=.05.

 

c. Describe how the size of the variance effects the outcome of the hypothesis testing?

 

5. The following data are from an independent-measures experiment comparing two treatment conditions.

treatment 1 is 4,5,12,10,10,7 and treatment 2 is 19,11,18,10,12,14.

 

a. Do these data indicate a signifficant difference between the tretment at the 0.5 level of significance?

b.wWrite a sentence demonstrating how the outcome of the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size would appear in a research report.

 

6. One of the major advantages of a repeated-measures desing is that it removes individulal differences from the variance and therefore reduces the standard error. The follwing two sets of data demonstrate this fact. The 1st set of data represents the original results from a repeated measures study. To create the 2nd set of data we started with the original scores but increased the individual differences by adding 10points to each score for subject B, adding 20 points to each score for subject C and adding 30 points to each score for subject D. Note that this change produces a huge increase in the difference from one subject to another and a huge increase in the variability of the scores within each treatment condition

 

Set 1.                                                Set 2.

Subject     I          II                        Subject         I      II

A            12         14                          A            12    14

B             7         17                           B            17     27

C            11        12                           C            31     33

D            10        12                           D            40     42

 

M=10    M=14                                    M=25    M=29

SS14  SS=14                        SS=494 SS=414

 

a. Find the difference scored for each set of data and compute the mean and variance for each sample of difference scores.

 

b. You should find that both sets of data produce the same mean difference and the same variance for the difference scores. Explain what happend to the huge individual difference that were added to the second set of data.

 

 

7. A researcher would like to examine how the chemical tryptophan, contained in foods such as turkey, can affect mental alertness. A sample of n = 9 college students is obtained and each student’s performance on a familiar video game is measured before and after eating a traditional Thanksgiving dinner including roast turkey. The average score dropped by M = 14 points after the meal with SS = 1152 for the difference scores.

a. Is there is significant difference in performance before eating versus after eating? Use a two-tailed test with = .05.

b. Compute r2 to measure the size of the effect.

c. Write a sentence demonstrating how the outcome of the test and the measure of effect size would appear in a research report.

 

8. A researcher would like to determine if relaxation training will affect the number of headaches for chronic headache sufferers. For a week prior to training, each participant records the number of headaches suffered. Participants then receive relaxation training and for the week following training the number of headaches is again measured. The data are as follows: Before–After 6–4 5–1 3–3 3–1 6–2 2–1 4–3 4–2

a. Compute the mean and variance for a sample of different scores.

b. DO the result indicate a significant differnce? Use a two tailed test with a=.05

 

9. A teacher gives a third grade class of n=16 a reading skills test at the beginning of the school year. To evaluate the changes that occur during the year, students are tested again at the end of the year. Their test scores revealed an average improvement of MD=4.7 points.

a.If the variance for the difference scores is s2=144, are the results sufficient to conclude that there is significant improvement? Use a one-tailed test with a=0.05.

b. If the variane for the difference score is reduced to s2=64,are the result sufficient to conclude that there is signifficant improvement? Use a two tailed test with aplha=.05

c. Describe the effect on reducing the variance of the difference score.

These two 10 and 11 are short answers questions

10. Develop a unique example scenario where you as a researcher would analyze your data using an independent sample desing.

11. Alternatively, develop a unique example scenario where you would analyze your data using a related sample design. For this example scenario, pretend that you suspect you might have a attrition (or drop out) in between your data collection times. What could you do at the design phase to counteract this attrition

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Module 1

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Assignment 3: Signal Detection Theory

Signal detection theory originally grew out of the development of radar and communications technology. It was adapted by psychologists to explain certain aspects of sensation and perception processes that previous theories did not encompass. Signal detection theory models the decision-making process you would use when you want to decide between two different categories of stimuli. For example, you have to decide whether a person seen in a café (the stimulus) is a friend or a stranger (the categories).

Throughout this course, you will access a Cognitive Psychology Online Laboratory (CogLab) demonstration to explore some of the theories and processes of sensation and perception through a hands-on approach. This assignment is your first CogLab activity.

Click here to download the CogLab program.zip file to install this program. You may also download the CogLab Instructionsfile. After installing the program, launch it. Then, refer to the CogLab Student Manual.

Access the CogLab demonstration “Signal Detection” and follow the instructions to complete the demonstration.

Using the CogLab manual, the textbook and module readings, the Argosy University online library resources, and the Internet, research signal detection theory.

Based on the CogLab demonstration and your research, address the following:

  • Define the following terms in relation to signal detection theory: hit, miss, false alarm, and correct rejection.
  • An individual’s hit rate is .79 and correct-rejection rate is .71. Find out his/her miss rate and false alarm rate.
  • Examine your individual sensitivity measures for each of the three conditions (144, 400, and 900 noise dots). Describe what these numbers indicate regarding your accuracy rates.
  • Signal detection theory assumes that a signal is always accompanied by a certain amount of noise. Identify the “noise” that was present when you completed the task. Explain how it affected your performance on the task. Identify at least two sources of noise for the detection of an audio signal.
  • Name at least three jobs that require the employee to accurately detect signals to effectively do the job. This means that signal detection methods could be used to evaluate performance.
  • Summarize at least two other research methods for measuring detection. Give your opinion on whether the signal detection theory is superior to these. Give reasons to support your answer.

Write a 2–3-page paper in Word format. Be sure to include a title page and a reference page. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M1_A3.doc. For example, if your name is John Smith, your document will be named SmithJ_M1_A3.doc.

By Wednesday, October 19, 2016, deliver your assignment to the M1: Assignment 3 Dropbox.

Cognitive Psychology Online Laboratory. CogLab 2.0 Online Laboratory. Wadsworth.

Assignment 3 Grading Criteria 
Maximum Points
Accurately defined the terms related to signal detection theory.
4
Calculated the miss rate and the false rate based on the hit rate and correct-rejection rate.
12
Evaluated your individual sensitivity measures with regard to accuracy rates.
16
Identified the noise present while completing the task and explained how it affected the performance on the task.
16
Identified three jobs that require the employee to accurately detect signals to effectively do the job and where signal detection methods were used to evaluate performance.
16
Summarized two other research methods for measuring detection and examined if signal detection theory is superior to those methods.
16
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.

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Discussion board-Moral Reasoning

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Read the Heinz dilemma (http://www.simplypsychology.org/kohlberg.html), and consider what you would do if you were in his place. Write down your answer and the reasons behind it. How would your answer fit in Kohlberg’s stages? Are there other responses that Kohlberg would consider “more moral”? If so, how do you feel about this? Do you think Kohlberg’s “Heinz dilemma” is a good measure of one’s morality? Explain.

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Case study 6

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IVAN

Fourteen year old Ivan tries to engage his friends in conversation by telling them facts about  his special interests, such as “Did you know that Saturn is known as the “jewel of the solar system” and that it is nothing like our very own planet Earth?

Ivan also demands that his friends play the same games at recess in the same order as the previous day. When they refuse, he goes inside to squeeze himself into his locker to “get away from those ignorant fools”

Indicate the interventions and teaching strategies appropriate for Ivan (refer to chapter 10).

Remember APA and one and a half full pages

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PSYCH 660 Case Study One Worksheet

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Dr. Eduardo Romaro, a clinically trained forensic psychologist, was retained by the prosecution to evaluate the intellectual competence of John Stone, a 50-year-old man convicted of first-degree murder of a guard during a bank robbery. John had claimed he was innocent throughout the trial. In the state in which the trial was conducted, individuals convicted of such an offense face the death penalty. John’s attorney challenged the death penalty option for his client, claiming that the defendant is intellectually disabled. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Atkins v. Virginia(2002) that the execution of those with intellectual disability (formerly known as mental retardation) is unconstitutional. Dr. Romaro had worked with the prosecution before on intellectual disability cases, but this is the first time he had been retained for a capital punishment case. He is personally ambivalent about whether states should implement the death penalty.

The psychologist meets John in a private room in the prison and administers a battery of intellectual and adaptive behavior tests with proven psychometric validity for determining forensically relevant intellectual ability. Just as he ends the formal test administration, John becomes distraught and appears to be experiencing an anxiety attack. In his distress the psychologist hears the prisoner repeatedly asking God for forgiveness for killing the guard and for murdering another person, who he keeps calling “the boy waiting for the bus.” The psychologist shifts into an emergency crisis intervention mode to help calm the defendant and rings for assistance.

 

Dr. Romaro was shocked to hear John “confess” not only to the bank murder but also to the murder of a “boy waiting for a bus.”

 

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition

(DSM-IV-TR) diagnosis of intellectual disability (currently termed “mental retardation developmental disability”) requires that individuals demonstrate significantly sub-average intellectual functioning, impairments in adaptive functioning, and onset before 18 years of age. Similarly, the state standard for intellectual disability includes a developmental history of intellectual impairment. Prior to testing, Dr. Romaro had asked the prosecutor for all available childhood mental health or school records to determine if John meets these criteria. No formal educational or psychological evaluations were included in the materials he received. The records indicated that John had a poor academic record, was retained in fifth grade, was suspended several times for coming to school drunk, and had left school when he was 15. State criteria also include an IQ score less than 70 and poor adaptive skills.

 

That evening Dr. Romaro scores the test battery. John’s IQ score is 71, his performance on other cognitive tests fell close to the intellectual disability cutoff score (some above, some below). His adaptive functioning score is a standard deviation below average. However, given the prisoner’s age, without a more detailed set of childhood records, it is difficult to clearly conclude that he meets the DSM-IV-TRor state legal criteria for intellectual disability. Dr. Romaro had not been asked to administer assessments for mood, schizophrenia, or other psychotic disorders that might impair intellectual and adaptive performance.

 

Ethical Dilemma

 

Dr. Romaro is not sure what forensic opinion to give regarding whether or not

John meets the legal criteria for intellectual disability. Without evidence of intellectual disability in his youth, a diagnosis of intellectual disability may not be possible and, thus, could not be used to support John’s death penalty appeal. He is also unsure whether he has an ethical responsibility to include in his report John’s “confession” or John’s statement about the “boy waiting for a bus.”

 

Respond to the following questions in 1,250 to 1,500 words.

 

  1. Why is this an ethical dilemma? Which APA Ethical Principles help frame the nature of the dilemma?
  2. How might Dr. Romaro’s ambivalence toward the death penalty influence his decision to offer a forensic diagnosis of intellectual disability? How might John’s “confession” or his comment about the “boy waiting for the bus” influence the decision? To what extent should these factors play a role in Dr. Romaro’s report?
  3. How are APA Ethical Standards 2.0f, 3.06, 4.04, 4.05, 5.01, 9.01a and 9.06 relevant to this case? Which other standards might apply?
  4. What steps should Dr. Romaro take to ethically implement his decision and monitor its effect?

Reference

 

 

Fisher, C. B. (2013). Decoding the ethics code: A practical guide for psychologists. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

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I need help with writing assignment in philosophy

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PLEASE FOLLOW ALL DIRECTION OR INSTRUCTIONS FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT. THIS ASSIGNMENT NEEDS TO BE ORIGINAL AND MAKES SINCE BASE ON THE CASE AT HAND.

For this module, you are required to complete a Written Case Analysis of approximately 200 words. Please read Thinking Critically About Ethical Issues, Case 4e, p. 108. Identify the moral issue(s) and the parties involved and discuss the case with respect to the principle of utility, taking care to identify the benefits and burdens that pertain to the parties affected. Click here to see the grading rubric for this assignment.

 

Case 4e.  An English teacher in a two-year technical college has several students in his composition course whose ignorance of the English language has proved invincible.  He has given them extra work and extra counseling from the first week of the semester.  They have been diligent in their efforts to improve.  Though they are in a construction technology program and will undoubtedly be employed in jobs that require little writing skill, the composition course is required for graduation.  In the instructor’s judgement, the students would not be able to pass the course legitimately if they took it three times, so he raises their F grades to Ds.

 

Submit your assignment to the Written Case Analysis 2 Dropbox no later than Sunday 5PM EST/EDT.(This Dropbox is linked to Turnitin.) When you save your document, please make sure it includes the following format: “Firstname Lastname–WCA2″

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psychology question 6

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1. Janet has been seen by you for treatment of depression. On intake, she disclosed that she was in AA and had been sober for 6 months. Janet seems to be happy with her progress, but after a few sessions, she seems to be no communicative and upset. After six sessions, she discontinues therapy with you. You learn that she has engaged another counselor who treats alcohol use and co-occurring disorders. This morning you received notice from your licensing board that Janet filed a complaint against you alleging that you attempted to treat Janet’s addiction to alcohol and that you did not have the expertise necessary to do so. You are a licensed professional counselor but you have not obtained training in addictions. Based on this information, answer the following questions:

1. Does Janet have a valid complaint? Why or why not?

2. How would you respond to the Licensing board complaint?

3. How would you avoid this type of complaint in the future?

This discussion question meets the following CACREP Standard: 2.F.1.i.  Ethical standards of professional counseling organizations and credentialing bodies, and applications of ethical and legal considerations in professional counseling.

2. What special precautions or practices should a private practitioner adopt in order to minimize professional liability and ensure that their treatment of clients remains soundly within the boundaries of professional practice standards? The American Counseling Association as well as individual state counseling associations (i.e., ICA, AzCA) provide a variety of resources to clinicians. Choose either the ACA or your state’s counseling association. What are its member benefits, activities, services to members, and current issue? How could membership be especially helpful to the private practitioner? Summarize what the ACA Code of Ethics says about the following: report writing, record keeping, and service reimbursement.

This discussion question meets the following CACREP Standard: 5.C.2.m. Record keeping, third party reimbursement, and other practice and management issues in clinical mental health counseling.

3. What special precautions or practices should a private practitioner adopt in order to minimize professional liability and ensure that their treatment of clients remains soundly within the boundaries of professional practice standards? The American Counseling Association as well as individual state counseling associations (i.e., ICA, AzCA) provide a variety of resources to clinicians. Choose either the ACA or your state’s counseling association. What are its member benefits, activities, services to members, and current issue? How could membership be especially helpful to the private practitioner? Summarize what the ACA Code of Ethics says about the following: report writing, record keeping, and service reimbursement.

This discussion question meets the following CACREP Standard: 5.C.2.m. Record keeping, third party reimbursement, and other practice and management issues in clinical mental health counseling.

4. Describe in detail situations in which referring your client to a different counselor and/or agency should be considered. If referral is not an option, what ethical alternatives could you identify to continue to work with this client? Include references to the ACA and/or NAADAC code of ethics to support your response.

5. Sheila came to your office about 8 months ago seeking counseling. She stated that she, “hoped to save her marriage.” After a few sessions with Sheila, you suggested that couples counseling might be helpful, but her husband, Roy, refused to participate. Three months ago, Sheila and Roy went through a very nasty breakup of their marriage, and now you have been subpoenaed to produce all of your records pertaining to Sheila’s treatment. Sheila has told you not to comply with the subpoena.

What should you do? Why?

Describe the specific steps you would take in responding to the subpoena.

6. Marcie is a new client and a 22-year-old female who works as a receptionist in a doctor’s office. She has just revealed to you during the intake session that she has recently lost interest in most activities, has been sleeping a great deal yet feels tired all the time, and sometimes wishes she could cease to exist. She mentioned feeling as though she has been “on an emotional roller coaster” during the past year, throughout her on-again/off-again relationship with a 35-year-old married man. The last breakup with him seemed final, and Marcie has felt herself sinking deeper and deeper into depression ever since. When probed further about suicidal ideations, Marcie admitted that she has considered killing herself, although she is uncertain whether or not she would actually do it. She said that she is currently in possession of a gun that her friend allowed her to keep in her home following a rash of burglaries in the neighborhood, but she does not know whether she would actually use it.

You have consulted with your supervisor, who has agreed that Marcie should be referred immediately for a psychiatric evaluation and has instructed you to arrange for Marcie to go directly from your office to a nearby hospital. Marcie told you that her mother accompanied her and is in the waiting room, but she has emphatically stated that she does not want her mother to know what is going on with her. How should this delicate situation be handled? Why? What are three ethical and/or legal concerns about this case?

This discussion question meets the following CACREP Standards:

2.F.1.l. Self-care strategies appropriate to the counselor role.

5.C.2.a. Roles and settings of clinical mental health counselors.

Each question has to be answered by it-self and with 150-200 words. Each one also must have a quote in it and be cited in the APA form-mate.  They need to be answered by their self and not together.

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