DPI project manuscript 6 DQ 1

I. The waiting times in the emergency departments are mostly fueled by the large number of the patients seeking the requisite medical services. The large number of such patients causes overcrowding in the emergency department. The overcrowding is a major problem in the emergency department even in the global arena (Di Somma, Paladino, Vaughan, Lalle, Magrini, & Magnanti, 2015).

II. The mismatch between the demand for the emergency services and the available resources has greatly contributed to the overcrowding within the emergency departments (Murphy, Lietz, &Jordan, 2012)

III. When advanced practice practitioners are placed in the emergency department, the quality of care as well as reduced overcrowding become the order of the day (Bahena & Andreoni, 2013; Imperato et al., 2012).

b) Theoretical foundations;

I. Demand and capacity variation model by Eriksson (Bergbrant, and Berrum-Svennung, 2011)

II. The co-management model in healthcare (Norful, Jacq, Carlino & Poghosyan, 2018)

c) Review of literature topics with the key themes;

I. Critical Care Medicine Advanced Practice Provider Model at a Comprehensive Cancer Center: The increasing demand for meeting the critical medical services are prompting for the increment of the number of the advanced practice providers (APPs). The role of APPs, especially in the ICUs, cannot be underestimated (Paton, Stein, Agostino, Pastores, & Halpern, 2013).

II. Frequent Overcrowding in the U.S. Emergency Departments: Overcrowding in the emergency departments is a serious problem which affects not only the US but also the other countries across the world. This overcrowding cannot be limited to the county or public hospitals since it has been evident even in both the private and academic hospitals within the urban and rural areas (Derlet, Richards, & Kravitz, 2001).

d) Summary;

I. Gap/problem: There is a need to reduce the waiting time or delays in the emergency departments.

II. Prior studies: The prior studies have proved that the involvement of advanced practice providers not only reduces the delays in the emergency departments but it also leads to provision of a quality care.

III. Quantitative application: Instruments and sources of data exist to collect numerical data on the value of advanced practice providers in emergency departments.

Population: Three county hospitals.

Sample: 30 adult patients receiving the care at the emergency department.

Independent variable: The Advanced Practice Providers.