PROFESSIONAL NURSING

Home>Homework Answsers>Nursing homework helpState2 years ago26.09.202325Report issuefiles (3)PROFESSIONALNURSINGANDSTATEwk5disc.docxrpl2.docxrpl1.docxPROFESSIONALNURSINGANDSTATEwk5disc.docxPROFESSIONAL NURSING AND STATE-LEVEL REGULATIONSBoards of Nursing (BONs) exist in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands. Similar entities may also exist for different regions. The mission of BONs is the protection of the public through the regulation of nursing practice. BONs put into practice state/region regulations for nurses that, among other things, lay out the requirements for licensure and define the scope of nursing practice in that state/region.It can be a valuable exercise to compare regulations among various state/regional boards of nursing. Doing so can help share insights that could be useful should there be future changes in a state/region. In addition, nurses may find the need to be licensed in multiple states or regions.Required Readings· Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019).Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide(6th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.· Chapter 4, “Government Response: Regulation” (pp. 57–84)· American Nurses Association. (n.d.).ANA enterpriseLinks to an external site.. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from http://www.nursingworld.org· Bosse, J., Simmonds, K., Hanson, C., Pulcini, J., Dunphy, L., Vanhook, P., & Poghosyan, L. (2017).Position statement: Full practice authority for advanced practice registered nurses is necessary to transform primary careLinks to an external site..Nursing Outlook, 65(6), 761–765.· Halm, M. A. (2018).Evaluating the impact of EBP education: Development of a modified Fresno test for acute care nursingDownload Evaluating the impact of EBP education: Development of a modified Fresno test for acute care nursing.Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 15(4), 272–280. doi:10.1111/wvn.12291·National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)Links to an external site.. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.ncsbn.org/index.htm· Neff, D. F., Yoon, S. H., Steiner, R. L., Bumbach, M. D., Everhart, D., & Harman J. S. (2018).The impact of nurse practitioner regulations on population access to careLinks to an external site..Nursing Outlook, 66(4), 379–385.· Peterson, C., Adams, S. A., & DeMuro, P. R. (2015).mHealth: Don’t forget all the stakeholders in the business caseLinks to an external site..Medicine 2.0, 4(2), e4.To Prepare:· Review the Resources and reflect on the mission of state/regional boards of nursing as the protection of the public through the regulation of nursing practice.· Consider how key regulations may impact nursing practice.· Review key regulations for nursing practice of your state’s/region’s board of nursing and those of at least one other state/region and select at least two APRN regulations to focus on for this Discussion.Posta comparison of at least two APRN board of nursing regulations in your *state/region with those of at least one other state/region. Describe how they may differ. Be specific and provide examples. Then, explain how the regulations you selected may apply to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) who have legal authority to practice within the full scope of their education and experience. Provide at least one example of how APRNs may adhere to the two regulations you selected.*My State is Florida**minimum of three (3) scholarly references are requiredrpl2.docx**minimum of three (2) scholarly references are required for each reply cited within the body of the reply & at the end**Nerline MildortComparing APRN Regulations: Full Practice Authority vs. Collaborative Models in New York and FloridaIn New York Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs), including nurse practitioners (NPs), operate under specific regulations that grant them a degree of autonomy in their practice. On the other hand, in Florida, the regulatory framework for APRNs is different, requiring them to maintain a Collaborative Practice Agreement (CPA) with a physician (Kleinpell et al., 2023). This comparison highlights the distinctions between the two states’ regulations and their potential impact on nursing practice.New York RegulationsIn New York, APRNs, including NPs, have Full Practice Authority (FPA). This means they can practice independently within the full scope of their education and training without needing a CPA with a physician (Kleinpell et al., 2023). They are authorized to diagnose, treat, and prescribe medications, including controlled substances, without mandatory physician oversight.For example, an NP working in a family practice clinic in New York can conduct patient assessments, order, and interpret diagnostic tests, make treatment decisions, and prescribe medications without supervision from a collaborating physician.Florida RegulationsIn contrast, Florida has a more restrictive regulatory approach for APRNs, including NPs. APRNs in Florida must have a CPA with a physician, which introduces an element of collaboration into their practice (Neff et al., 2018). While NPs in Florida can diagnose and treat patients, certain aspects of their practice, particularly prescribing medications, are influenced by the terms of the CPA.For instance, an NP in Florida may need to consult with their collaborating physician for certain prescription decisions, and the physician may be required to co-sign these prescriptions. This collaborative model ensures physician involvement in NP practice and adds an extra layer of oversight.Application to APRNs with Full Scope PracticeThe regulations in New York, granting Full Practice Authority to APRNs allow them to operate autonomously, offering timely and comprehensive care to patients (Wheeler et al., 2022). This autonomy can be particularly beneficial in underserved areas where physicians may be scarce, improving access to care and potentially reducing healthcare disparities. In contrast, Florida’s regulatory framework, which requires CPAs with physicians, may create administrative hurdles and slow the delivery of care (Wheeler et al., 2022). However, this model can also facilitate collaborative decision-making and ensure an additional layer of clinical oversight.For example, in a rural clinic in New York, an NP may see patients and prescribe medications independently, whereas, in a similar clinic in Florida, the NP might need to consult with their collaborating physician for certain prescription decisions, adding an extra layer of clinical judgment and expertise.In conclusion, the regulatory differences between Florida and New York for APRNs, particularly NPs, highlight the varying levels of autonomy and collaboration in their practice. These regulations reflect the states’ approaches to balancing access to care with patient safety, and they have direct implications for how APRNs provide healthcare services within their respective jurisdictions.ReferencesFlorida: Information and Resources for Florida NPs. American Association of Nurse Practitioners. (n.d.-a). https://www.aanp.org/advocacy/floridaKleinpell, R., Myers, C. R., & Schorn, M. N. (2023). Addressing Barriers to APRN Practice: Policy and Regulatory Implications During COVID-19.Journal of Nursing Regulation,14(1), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2155-8256(23)00064-9Neff, D. F., Yoon, S. H., Steiner, R. L., Bejleri, I., Bumbach, M. D., Everhart, D., & Harman, J. S. (2018). The impact of nurse practitioner regulations on population access to care.Nursing Outlook,66(4), 379–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.03.001New York: Information and Resources for New York NPs. American Association of Nurse Practitioners. (n.d.). https://www.aanp.org/advocacy/new-yorkWheeler, K. J., Miller, M., Pulcini, J., Gray, D., Ladd, E., & Rayens, M. K. (2022). Advanced Practice Nursing Roles, Regulation, Education, and Practice: A Global Study.Annals of Global Health,88(1). https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.3698rpl1.docx**minimum of three (2) scholarly references are required for each reply cited within the body of the reply & at the end**Candice DanzeyAPRN Board of Nursing RegulationsThe scope and authority of advanced practice registered nurses’ (APRNs’) practice are significantly impacted by the regulatory environment, which differs significantly across states and regions (Bachtel et al., 2020). With an emphasis on their possible effects on APRNs who are legally certified to practice at the greatest level of their training and expertise, this discussion dives into the differences in APRN board regulations between California and Florida. The differences in these rules emphasize how important it is for state-specific laws to influence how APRNs practice and, ultimately, how patients are cared for.Comparison of APRN Board Regulations California vs FloridaNurse Practitioners (NPs) are allowed to independently diagnose, treat, and manage patients in California under the Full Practice model. They also have the power to prescribe a variety of medications, including controlled substances, without the need for a physician’s consultation. In order to assure their competence, California also requires NPs to complete a standardized transition-to-practice curriculum (Bachtel et al., 2020). In California, according to BPC Section 2837.103(a)(1), the transition to autonomous practice requirement is defined as 4600 hours or three full-time equivalent years of clinical practice experience and mentorship completed in California (California Board of Registered Nursing, n.d.).Florida, on the other hand, adheres to a more constrained practice paradigm, requiring NPs to develop supervisory agreements with physicians (Kleinpell et al., 2023). NPs in Florida are subject to tight limitations on the kinds and amounts of prohibited medications they can prescribe. They also have limited prescribing authority. Additionally, Florida requires NPs and physicians to sign a formal cooperation agreement, which places limitations on NP autonomy within the state (Toney-Butler et al., 2023). In order for NPs to practice autonomously in Florida, one of the requirements includes a completion at least 3000 clinical hours under the supervision of an allopathic or osteopathic physician within the past 5 years. These hours may include clinical instructional hours as faculty (Links and resources,n.d.).Differences in RegulationsWhile Florida’s regulations take a more restrained approach, they may limit the entire spectrum of practice for APRNs. California’s policies allow NPs to practice independently, improving healthcare access (Cimiotti et al., 2019). The difference in regulations may limit a patients access to healthcare. Utilization of NPs creates lower healthcare cost, higher quality care, and expanded access to care.  NPs are more likely throughout their career are more likely to provide care to patients from vulnerable population groups.Application of RegulationsIn California, NPs have autonomous prescribing authority over all pharmaceuticals, including controlled narcotics. For instance, they can start and oversee buprenorphine therapy for opioid addiction, boosting access to drug abuse treatment. NPs in Florida are subject to strict rules and physician partnership agreements, and they are only given limited authorization to prescribe prohibited drugs (Cimiotti et al., 2019). This might cause delays and restrictions in inpatient treatment, particularly in situations where timely medication control is necessary.SummaryIn conclusion, state-specific laws have a considerable impact on APRN practice and patient care, as evidenced by the stark disparities in APRN rules between Florida and California. In contrast to Florida’s more constrained model, California’s progressive strategy allows APRNs to work independently, improving healthcare accessibility. Safeguarding patients while maintaining the highest standards of practice, effective APRN rules should strive to achieve a balance between access and safety.ReferencesBachtel, M. K., Hayes, R., & Nelson, M. A. (2020). The push to modernize nursing regulations during the pandemic. Nursing outlook, 68(5), 545–547.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2020.05.006Links to an external site.California Board of Registered Nursing. (n.d.).Assembly bill 890. Rn.ca.gov. Retrieved September 24, 2023, from https://www.rn.ca.gov/practice/ab890.shtmlCimiotti, J. P., Li, Y., Sloane, D. M., Barnes, H., Brom, H. M., & Aiken, L. H. (2019). Regulation of the Nurse Practitioner Workforce: Implications for Care Across Settings. Journal of nursing regulation, 10(2), 31–37.https://doi.org/10.1016/s2155-8256(19)30113-9Links to an external site.Kleinpell, R., Myers, C. R., & Schorn, M. N. (2023). Addressing Barriers to APRN Practice: Policy and Regulatory Implications During COVID-19. Journal of nursing regulation, 14(1), 13–20.https://doi.org/10.1016/S2155-8256(23)00064-9Links to an external site.Links and resources. (n.d.). Floridasnursing.gov. Retrieved September 26, 2023, from https://floridasnursing.gov/resources/Toney-Butler TJ, Martin RL. Florida Nurse Practice Act Laws and Rules. (2023). In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532859/rpl1.docx**minimum of three (2) scholarly references are required for each reply cited within the body of the reply & at the end**Candice DanzeyAPRN Board of Nursing RegulationsThe scope and authority of advanced practice registered nurses’ (APRNs’) practice are significantly impacted by the regulatory environment, which differs significantly across states and regions (Bachtel et al., 2020). With an emphasis on their possible effects on APRNs who are legally certified to practice at the greatest level of their training and expertise, this discussion dives into the differences in APRN board regulations between California and Florida. The differences in these rules emphasize how important it is for state-specific laws to influence how APRNs practice and, ultimately, how patients are cared for.Comparison of APRN Board Regulations California vs FloridaNurse Practitioners (NPs) are allowed to independently diagnose, treat, and manage patients in California under the Full Practice model. They also have the power to prescribe a variety of medications, including controlled substances, without the need for a physician’s consultation. In order to assure their competence, California also requires NPs to complete a standardized transition-to-practice curriculum (Bachtel et al., 2020). In California, according to BPC Section 2837.103(a)(1), the transition to autonomous practice requirement is defined as 4600 hours or three full-time equivalent years of clinical practice experience and mentorship completed in California (California Board of Registered Nursing, n.d.).Florida, on the other hand, adheres to a more constrained practice paradigm, requiring NPs to develop supervisory agreements with physicians (Kleinpell et al., 2023). NPs in Florida are subject to tight limitations on the kinds and amounts of prohibited medications they can prescribe. They also have limited prescribing authority. Additionally, Florida requires NPs and physicians to sign a formal cooperation agreement, which places limitations on NP autonomy within the state (Toney-Butler et al., 2023). In order for NPs to practice autonomously in Florida, one of the requirements includes a completion at least 3000 clinical hours under the supervision of an allopathic or osteopathic physician within the past 5 years. These hours may include clinical instructional hours as faculty (Links and resources,n.d.).Differences in RegulationsWhile Florida’s regulations take a more restrained approach, they may limit the entire spectrum of practice for APRNs. California’s policies allow NPs to practice independently, improving healthcare access (Cimiotti et al., 2019). The difference in regulations may limit a patients access to healthcare. Utilization of NPs creates lower healthcare cost, higher quality care, and expanded access to care.  NPs are more likely throughout their career are more likely to provide care to patients from vulnerable population groups.Application of RegulationsIn California, NPs have autonomous prescribing authority over all pharmaceuticals, including controlled narcotics. For instance, they can start and oversee buprenorphine therapy for opioid addiction, boosting access to drug abuse treatment. NPs in Florida are subject to strict rules and physician partnership agreements, and they are only given limited authorization to prescribe prohibited drugs (Cimiotti et al., 2019). This might cause delays and restrictions in inpatient treatment, particularly in situations where timely medication control is necessary.SummaryIn conclusion, state-specific laws have a considerable impact on APRN practice and patient care, as evidenced by the stark disparities in APRN rules between Florida and California. In contrast to Florida’s more constrained model, California’s progressive strategy allows APRNs to work independently, improving healthcare accessibility. Safeguarding patients while maintaining the highest standards of practice, effective APRN rules should strive to achieve a balance between access and safety.ReferencesBachtel, M. K., Hayes, R., & Nelson, M. A. (2020). The push to modernize nursing regulations during the pandemic. Nursing outlook, 68(5), 545–547.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2020.05.006Links to an external site.California Board of Registered Nursing. (n.d.).Assembly bill 890. Rn.ca.gov. Retrieved September 24, 2023, from https://www.rn.ca.gov/practice/ab890.shtmlCimiotti, J. P., Li, Y., Sloane, D. M., Barnes, H., Brom, H. M., & Aiken, L. H. (2019). Regulation of the Nurse Practitioner Workforce: Implications for Care Across Settings. Journal of nursing regulation, 10(2), 31–37.https://doi.org/10.1016/s2155-8256(19)30113-9Links to an external site.Kleinpell, R., Myers, C. R., & Schorn, M. N. (2023). Addressing Barriers to APRN Practice: Policy and Regulatory Implications During COVID-19. Journal of nursing regulation, 14(1), 13–20.https://doi.org/10.1016/S2155-8256(23)00064-9Links to an external site.Links and resources. (n.d.). Floridasnursing.gov. Retrieved September 26, 2023, from https://floridasnursing.gov/resources/Toney-Butler TJ, Martin RL. Florida Nurse Practice Act Laws and Rules. (2023). In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532859/PROFESSIONALNURSINGANDSTATEwk5disc.docxPROFESSIONAL NURSING AND STATE-LEVEL REGULATIONSBoards of Nursing (BONs) exist in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands. Similar entities may also exist for different regions. The mission of BONs is the protection of the public through the regulation of nursing practice. BONs put into practice state/region regulations for nurses that, among other things, lay out the requirements for licensure and define the scope of nursing practice in that state/region.It can be a valuable exercise to compare regulations among various state/regional boards of nursing. Doing so can help share insights that could be useful should there be future changes in a state/region. In addition, nurses may find the need to be licensed in multiple states or regions.Required Readings· Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019).Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide(6th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.· Chapter 4, “Government Response: Regulation” (pp. 57–84)· American Nurses Association. (n.d.).ANA enterpriseLinks to an external site.. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from http://www.nursingworld.org· Bosse, J., Simmonds, K., Hanson, C., Pulcini, J., Dunphy, L., Vanhook, P., & Poghosyan, L. (2017).Position statement: Full practice authority for advanced practice registered nurses is necessary to transform primary careLinks to an external site..Nursing Outlook, 65(6), 761–765.· Halm, M. A. (2018).Evaluating the impact of EBP education: Development of a modified Fresno test for acute care nursingDownload Evaluating the impact of EBP education: Development of a modified Fresno test for acute care nursing.Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 15(4), 272–280. doi:10.1111/wvn.12291·National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)Links to an external site.. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.ncsbn.org/index.htm· Neff, D. F., Yoon, S. H., Steiner, R. L., Bumbach, M. D., Everhart, D., & Harman J. S. (2018).The impact of nurse practitioner regulations on population access to careLinks to an external site..Nursing Outlook, 66(4), 379–385.· Peterson, C., Adams, S. A., & DeMuro, P. R. (2015).mHealth: Don’t forget all the stakeholders in the business caseLinks to an external site..Medicine 2.0, 4(2), e4.To Prepare:· Review the Resources and reflect on the mission of state/regional boards of nursing as the protection of the public through the regulation of nursing practice.· Consider how key regulations may impact nursing practice.· Review key regulations for nursing practice of your state’s/region’s board of nursing and those of at least one other state/region and select at least two APRN regulations to focus on for this Discussion.Posta comparison of at least two APRN board of nursing regulations in your *state/region with those of at least one other state/region. Describe how they may differ. Be specific and provide examples. Then, explain how the regulations you selected may apply to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) who have legal authority to practice within the full scope of their education and experience. Provide at least one example of how APRNs may adhere to the two regulations you selected.*My State is Florida**minimum of three (3) scholarly references are requiredrpl2.docx**minimum of three (2) scholarly references are required for each reply cited within the body of the reply & at the end**Nerline MildortComparing APRN Regulations: Full Practice Authority vs. Collaborative Models in New York and FloridaIn New York Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs), including nurse practitioners (NPs), operate under specific regulations that grant them a degree of autonomy in their practice. On the other hand, in Florida, the regulatory framework for APRNs is different, requiring them to maintain a Collaborative Practice Agreement (CPA) with a physician (Kleinpell et al., 2023). This comparison highlights the distinctions between the two states’ regulations and their potential impact on nursing practice.New York RegulationsIn New York, APRNs, including NPs, have Full Practice Authority (FPA). This means they can practice independently within the full scope of their education and training without needing a CPA with a physician (Kleinpell et al., 2023). They are authorized to diagnose, treat, and prescribe medications, including controlled substances, without mandatory physician oversight.For example, an NP working in a family practice clinic in New York can conduct patient assessments, order, and interpret diagnostic tests, make treatment decisions, and prescribe medications without supervision from a collaborating physician.Florida RegulationsIn contrast, Florida has a more restrictive regulatory approach for APRNs, including NPs. APRNs in Florida must have a CPA with a physician, which introduces an element of collaboration into their practice (Neff et al., 2018). While NPs in Florida can diagnose and treat patients, certain aspects of their practice, particularly prescribing medications, are influenced by the terms of the CPA.For instance, an NP in Florida may need to consult with their collaborating physician for certain prescription decisions, and the physician may be required to co-sign these prescriptions. This collaborative model ensures physician involvement in NP practice and adds an extra layer of oversight.Application to APRNs with Full Scope PracticeThe regulations in New York, granting Full Practice Authority to APRNs allow them to operate autonomously, offering timely and comprehensive care to patients (Wheeler et al., 2022). This autonomy can be particularly beneficial in underserved areas where physicians may be scarce, improving access to care and potentially reducing healthcare disparities. In contrast, Florida’s regulatory framework, which requires CPAs with physicians, may create administrative hurdles and slow the delivery of care (Wheeler et al., 2022). However, this model can also facilitate collaborative decision-making and ensure an additional layer of clinical oversight.For example, in a rural clinic in New York, an NP may see patients and prescribe medications independently, whereas, in a similar clinic in Florida, the NP might need to consult with their collaborating physician for certain prescription decisions, adding an extra layer of clinical judgment and expertise.In conclusion, the regulatory differences between Florida and New York for APRNs, particularly NPs, highlight the varying levels of autonomy and collaboration in their practice. These regulations reflect the states’ approaches to balancing access to care with patient safety, and they have direct implications for how APRNs provide healthcare services within their respective jurisdictions.ReferencesFlorida: Information and Resources for Florida NPs. American Association of Nurse Practitioners. (n.d.-a). https://www.aanp.org/advocacy/floridaKleinpell, R., Myers, C. R., & Schorn, M. N. (2023). Addressing Barriers to APRN Practice: Policy and Regulatory Implications During COVID-19.Journal of Nursing Regulation,14(1), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2155-8256(23)00064-9Neff, D. F., Yoon, S. H., Steiner, R. L., Bejleri, I., Bumbach, M. D., Everhart, D., & Harman, J. S. (2018). The impact of nurse practitioner regulations on population access to care.Nursing Outlook,66(4), 379–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.03.001New York: Information and Resources for New York NPs. American Association of Nurse Practitioners. (n.d.). https://www.aanp.org/advocacy/new-yorkWheeler, K. J., Miller, M., Pulcini, J., Gray, D., Ladd, E., & Rayens, M. K. (2022). Advanced Practice Nursing Roles, Regulation, Education, and Practice: A Global Study.Annals of Global Health,88(1). https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.3698rpl1.docx**minimum of three (2) scholarly references are required for each reply cited within the body of the reply & at the end**Candice DanzeyAPRN Board of Nursing RegulationsThe scope and authority of advanced practice registered nurses’ (APRNs’) practice are significantly impacted by the regulatory environment, which differs significantly across states and regions (Bachtel et al., 2020). With an emphasis on their possible effects on APRNs who are legally certified to practice at the greatest level of their training and expertise, this discussion dives into the differences in APRN board regulations between California and Florida. The differences in these rules emphasize how important it is for state-specific laws to influence how APRNs practice and, ultimately, how patients are cared for.Comparison of APRN Board Regulations California vs FloridaNurse Practitioners (NPs) are allowed to independently diagnose, treat, and manage patients in California under the Full Practice model. They also have the power to prescribe a variety of medications, including controlled substances, without the need for a physician’s consultation. In order to assure their competence, California also requires NPs to complete a standardized transition-to-practice curriculum (Bachtel et al., 2020). In California, according to BPC Section 2837.103(a)(1), the transition to autonomous practice requirement is defined as 4600 hours or three full-time equivalent years of clinical practice experience and mentorship completed in California (California Board of Registered Nursing, n.d.).Florida, on the other hand, adheres to a more constrained practice paradigm, requiring NPs to develop supervisory agreements with physicians (Kleinpell et al., 2023). NPs in Florida are subject to tight limitations on the kinds and amounts of prohibited medications they can prescribe. They also have limited prescribing authority. Additionally, Florida requires NPs and physicians to sign a formal cooperation agreement, which places limitations on NP autonomy within the state (Toney-Butler et al., 2023). In order for NPs to practice autonomously in Florida, one of the requirements includes a completion at least 3000 clinical hours under the supervision of an allopathic or osteopathic physician within the past 5 years. These hours may include clinical instructional hours as faculty (Links and resources,n.d.).Differences in RegulationsWhile Florida’s regulations take a more restrained approach, they may limit the entire spectrum of practice for APRNs. California’s policies allow NPs to practice independently, improving healthcare access (Cimiotti et al., 2019). The difference in regulations may limit a patients access to healthcare. Utilization of NPs creates lower healthcare cost, higher quality care, and expanded access to care.  NPs are more likely throughout their career are more likely to provide care to patients from vulnerable population groups.Application of RegulationsIn California, NPs have autonomous prescribing authority over all pharmaceuticals, including controlled narcotics. For instance, they can start and oversee buprenorphine therapy for opioid addiction, boosting access to drug abuse treatment. NPs in Florida are subject to strict rules and physician partnership agreements, and they are only given limited authorization to prescribe prohibited drugs (Cimiotti et al., 2019). This might cause delays and restrictions in inpatient treatment, particularly in situations where timely medication control is necessary.SummaryIn conclusion, state-specific laws have a considerable impact on APRN practice and patient care, as evidenced by the stark disparities in APRN rules between Florida and California. In contrast to Florida’s more constrained model, California’s progressive strategy allows APRNs to work independently, improving healthcare accessibility. Safeguarding patients while maintaining the highest standards of practice, effective APRN rules should strive to achieve a balance between access and safety.ReferencesBachtel, M. K., Hayes, R., & Nelson, M. A. (2020). The push to modernize nursing regulations during the pandemic. Nursing outlook, 68(5), 545–547.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2020.05.006Links to an external site.California Board of Registered Nursing. (n.d.).Assembly bill 890. Rn.ca.gov. Retrieved September 24, 2023, from https://www.rn.ca.gov/practice/ab890.shtmlCimiotti, J. P., Li, Y., Sloane, D. M., Barnes, H., Brom, H. M., & Aiken, L. H. (2019). Regulation of the Nurse Practitioner Workforce: Implications for Care Across Settings. Journal of nursing regulation, 10(2), 31–37.https://doi.org/10.1016/s2155-8256(19)30113-9Links to an external site.Kleinpell, R., Myers, C. R., & Schorn, M. N. (2023). Addressing Barriers to APRN Practice: Policy and Regulatory Implications During COVID-19. Journal of nursing regulation, 14(1), 13–20.https://doi.org/10.1016/S2155-8256(23)00064-9Links to an external site.Links and resources. (n.d.). Floridasnursing.gov. Retrieved September 26, 2023, from https://floridasnursing.gov/resources/Toney-Butler TJ, Martin RL. Florida Nurse Practice Act Laws and Rules. (2023). In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532859/PROFESSIONALNURSINGANDSTATEwk5disc.docxPROFESSIONAL NURSING AND STATE-LEVEL REGULATIONSBoards of Nursing (BONs) exist in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands. Similar entities may also exist for different regions. The mission of BONs is the protection of the public through the regulation of nursing practice. BONs put into practice state/region regulations for nurses that, among other things, lay out the requirements for licensure and define the scope of nursing practice in that state/region.It can be a valuable exercise to compare regulations among various state/regional boards of nursing. Doing so can help share insights that could be useful should there be future changes in a state/region. In addition, nurses may find the need to be licensed in multiple states or regions.Required Readings· Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019).Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide(6th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.· Chapter 4, “Government Response: Regulation” (pp. 57–84)· American Nurses Association. (n.d.).ANA enterpriseLinks to an external site.. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from http://www.nursingworld.org· Bosse, J., Simmonds, K., Hanson, C., Pulcini, J., Dunphy, L., Vanhook, P., & Poghosyan, L. (2017).Position statement: Full practice authority for advanced practice registered nurses is necessary to transform primary careLinks to an external site..Nursing Outlook, 65(6), 761–765.· Halm, M. A. (2018).Evaluating the impact of EBP education: Development of a modified Fresno test for acute care nursingDownload Evaluating the impact of EBP education: Development of a modified Fresno test for acute care nursing.Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 15(4), 272–280. doi:10.1111/wvn.12291·National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)Links to an external site.. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.ncsbn.org/index.htm· Neff, D. F., Yoon, S. H., Steiner, R. L., Bumbach, M. D., Everhart, D., & Harman J. S. (2018).The impact of nurse practitioner regulations on population access to careLinks to an external site..Nursing Outlook, 66(4), 379–385.· Peterson, C., Adams, S. A., & DeMuro, P. R. (2015).mHealth: Don’t forget all the stakeholders in the business caseLinks to an external site..Medicine 2.0, 4(2), e4.To Prepare:· Review the Resources and reflect on the mission of state/regional boards of nursing as the protection of the public through the regulation of nursing practice.· Consider how key regulations may impact nursing practice.· Review key regulations for nursing practice of your state’s/region’s board of nursing and those of at least one other state/region and select at least two APRN regulations to focus on for this Discussion.Posta comparison of at least two APRN board of nursing regulations in your *state/region with those of at least one other state/region. Describe how they may differ. Be specific and provide examples. Then, explain how the regulations you selected may apply to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) who have legal authority to practice within the full scope of their education and experience. Provide at least one example of how APRNs may adhere to the two regulations you selected.*My State is Florida**minimum of three (3) scholarly references are requiredrpl2.docx**minimum of three (2) scholarly references are required for each reply cited within the body of the reply & at the end**Nerline MildortComparing APRN Regulations: Full Practice Authority vs. Collaborative Models in New York and FloridaIn New York Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs), including nurse practitioners (NPs), operate under specific regulations that grant them a degree of autonomy in their practice. On the other hand, in Florida, the regulatory framework for APRNs is different, requiring them to maintain a Collaborative Practice Agreement (CPA) with a physician (Kleinpell et al., 2023). This comparison highlights the distinctions between the two states’ regulations and their potential impact on nursing practice.New York RegulationsIn New York, APRNs, including NPs, have Full Practice Authority (FPA). This means they can practice independently within the full scope of their education and training without needing a CPA with a physician (Kleinpell et al., 2023). They are authorized to diagnose, treat, and prescribe medications, including controlled substances, without mandatory physician oversight.For example, an NP working in a family practice clinic in New York can conduct patient assessments, order, and interpret diagnostic tests, make treatment decisions, and prescribe medications without supervision from a collaborating physician.Florida RegulationsIn contrast, Florida has a more restrictive regulatory approach for APRNs, including NPs. APRNs in Florida must have a CPA with a physician, which introduces an element of collaboration into their practice (Neff et al., 2018). While NPs in Florida can diagnose and treat patients, certain aspects of their practice, particularly prescribing medications, are influenced by the terms of the CPA.For instance, an NP in Florida may need to consult with their collaborating physician for certain prescription decisions, and the physician may be required to co-sign these prescriptions. This collaborative model ensures physician involvement in NP practice and adds an extra layer of oversight.Application to APRNs with Full Scope PracticeThe regulations in New York, granting Full Practice Authority to APRNs allow them to operate autonomously, offering timely and comprehensive care to patients (Wheeler et al., 2022). This autonomy can be particularly beneficial in underserved areas where physicians may be scarce, improving access to care and potentially reducing healthcare disparities. In contrast, Florida’s regulatory framework, which requires CPAs with physicians, may create administrative hurdles and slow the delivery of care (Wheeler et al., 2022). However, this model can also facilitate collaborative decision-making and ensure an additional layer of clinical oversight.For example, in a rural clinic in New York, an NP may see patients and prescribe medications independently, whereas, in a similar clinic in Florida, the NP might need to consult with their collaborating physician for certain prescription decisions, adding an extra layer of clinical judgment and expertise.In conclusion, the regulatory differences between Florida and New York for APRNs, particularly NPs, highlight the varying levels of autonomy and collaboration in their practice. These regulations reflect the states’ approaches to balancing access to care with patient safety, and they have direct implications for how APRNs provide healthcare services within their respective jurisdictions.ReferencesFlorida: Information and Resources for Florida NPs. American Association of Nurse Practitioners. (n.d.-a). https://www.aanp.org/advocacy/floridaKleinpell, R., Myers, C. R., & Schorn, M. N. (2023). Addressing Barriers to APRN Practice: Policy and Regulatory Implications During COVID-19.Journal of Nursing Regulation,14(1), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2155-8256(23)00064-9Neff, D. F., Yoon, S. H., Steiner, R. L., Bejleri, I., Bumbach, M. D., Everhart, D., & Harman, J. S. (2018). The impact of nurse practitioner regulations on population access to care.Nursing Outlook,66(4), 379–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.03.001New York: Information and Resources for New York NPs. American Association of Nurse Practitioners. (n.d.). https://www.aanp.org/advocacy/new-yorkWheeler, K. J., Miller, M., Pulcini, J., Gray, D., Ladd, E., & Rayens, M. K. (2022). Advanced Practice Nursing Roles, Regulation, Education, and Practice: A Global Study.Annals of Global Health,88(1). https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.3698rpl1.docx**minimum of three (2) scholarly references are required for each reply cited within the body of the reply & at the end**Candice DanzeyAPRN Board of Nursing RegulationsThe scope and authority of advanced practice registered nurses’ (APRNs’) practice are significantly impacted by the regulatory environment, which differs significantly across states and regions (Bachtel et al., 2020). With an emphasis on their possible effects on APRNs who are legally certified to practice at the greatest level of their training and expertise, this discussion dives into the differences in APRN board regulations between California and Florida. The differences in these rules emphasize how important it is for state-specific laws to influence how APRNs practice and, ultimately, how patients are cared for.Comparison of APRN Board Regulations California vs FloridaNurse Practitioners (NPs) are allowed to independently diagnose, treat, and manage patients in California under the Full Practice model. They also have the power to prescribe a variety of medications, including controlled substances, without the need for a physician’s consultation. In order to assure their competence, California also requires NPs to complete a standardized transition-to-practice curriculum (Bachtel et al., 2020). In California, according to BPC Section 2837.103(a)(1), the transition to autonomous practice requirement is defined as 4600 hours or three full-time equivalent years of clinical practice experience and mentorship completed in California (California Board of Registered Nursing, n.d.).Florida, on the other hand, adheres to a more constrained practice paradigm, requiring NPs to develop supervisory agreements with physicians (Kleinpell et al., 2023). NPs in Florida are subject to tight limitations on the kinds and amounts of prohibited medications they can prescribe. They also have limited prescribing authority. Additionally, Florida requires NPs and physicians to sign a formal cooperation agreement, which places limitations on NP autonomy within the state (Toney-Butler et al., 2023). In order for NPs to practice autonomously in Florida, one of the requirements includes a completion at least 3000 clinical hours under the supervision of an allopathic or osteopathic physician within the past 5 years. These hours may include clinical instructional hours as faculty (Links and resources,n.d.).Differences in RegulationsWhile Florida’s regulations take a more restrained approach, they may limit the entire spectrum of practice for APRNs. California’s policies allow NPs to practice independently, improving healthcare access (Cimiotti et al., 2019). The difference in regulations may limit a patients access to healthcare. Utilization of NPs creates lower healthcare cost, higher quality care, and expanded access to care.  NPs are more likely throughout their career are more likely to provide care to patients from vulnerable population groups.Application of RegulationsIn California, NPs have autonomous prescribing authority over all pharmaceuticals, including controlled narcotics. For instance, they can start and oversee buprenorphine therapy for opioid addiction, boosting access to drug abuse treatment. NPs in Florida are subject to strict rules and physician partnership agreements, and they are only given limited authorization to prescribe prohibited drugs (Cimiotti et al., 2019). This might cause delays and restrictions in inpatient treatment, particularly in situations where timely medication control is necessary.SummaryIn conclusion, state-specific laws have a considerable impact on APRN practice and patient care, as evidenced by the stark disparities in APRN rules between Florida and California. In contrast to Florida’s more constrained model, California’s progressive strategy allows APRNs to work independently, improving healthcare accessibility. Safeguarding patients while maintaining the highest standards of practice, effective APRN rules should strive to achieve a balance between access and safety.ReferencesBachtel, M. K., Hayes, R., & Nelson, M. A. (2020). The push to modernize nursing regulations during the pandemic. Nursing outlook, 68(5), 545–547.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2020.05.006Links to an external site.California Board of Registered Nursing. (n.d.).Assembly bill 890. Rn.ca.gov. Retrieved September 24, 2023, from https://www.rn.ca.gov/practice/ab890.shtmlCimiotti, J. P., Li, Y., Sloane, D. M., Barnes, H., Brom, H. M., & Aiken, L. H. (2019). Regulation of the Nurse Practitioner Workforce: Implications for Care Across Settings. Journal of nursing regulation, 10(2), 31–37.https://doi.org/10.1016/s2155-8256(19)30113-9Links to an external site.Kleinpell, R., Myers, C. R., & Schorn, M. N. (2023). Addressing Barriers to APRN Practice: Policy and Regulatory Implications During COVID-19. Journal of nursing regulation, 14(1), 13–20.https://doi.org/10.1016/S2155-8256(23)00064-9Links to an external site.Links and resources. (n.d.). Floridasnursing.gov. Retrieved September 26, 2023, from https://floridasnursing.gov/resources/Toney-Butler TJ, Martin RL. Florida Nurse Practice Act Laws and Rules. (2023). In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532859/123Bids(86)Dr. Ellen RMabdul_rehman_Emily ClareSTELLAR GEEK A+Prof Double RSheryl HoganYoung NyanyaProWritingGuruJahky BDr. Adeline ZoeDr M. 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