Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs

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Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs

What type of drug should you prescribe based on your patient’s diagnosis? How much of the drug should the patient receive? How often should the drug be administered? When should the drug not be prescribed? Are there individual patient factors that could create complications when taking the drug? Should you be prescribing drugs to this patient? How might different state regulations affect the prescribing of this drug to this patient?

These are some of the questions you might consider when selecting a treatment plan for a patient.  

Photo Credit: Getty Images/Caiaimage

As an advanced practice nurse prescribing drugs, you are held accountable for people’s lives every day. Patients and their families will often place trust in you because of your position. With this trust comes power and responsibility, as well as an ethical and legal obligation to “do no harm.” It is important that you are aware of current professional, legal, and ethical standards for advanced practice nurses with prescriptive authority. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the treatment plans and administration/prescribing of drugs is in accordance with the regulations of the state in which you practice. Understanding how these regulations may affect the prescribing of certain drugs in different states may have a significant impact on your patient’s treatment plan. In this Assignment, you explore ethical and legal implications of scenarios and consider how to appropriately respond.

To Prepare
  • Review the Resources for this module and consider the legal and ethical implications of prescribing prescription drugs, disclosure, and nondisclosure.
  • Review the scenario assigned by your Instructor for this Assignment.
  • Search specific laws and standards for prescribing prescription drugs and for addressing medication errors for your state or region, and reflect on these as you review the scenario assigned by your Instructor.
  • Consider the ethical and legal implications of the scenario for all stakeholders involved, such as the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and patient’s family.
  • Think about two strategies that you, as an advanced practice nurse, would use to guide your ethically and legally responsible decision-making in this scenario, including whether you would disclose any medication errors.
By Day 7 of Week 1

Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following:

  • Explain the ethical and legal implications of the scenario you selected on all stakeholders involved, such as the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and patient’s family.
  • Describe strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure as identified in the scenario you selected. Be sure to reference laws specific to your state.
  • Explain two strategies that you, as an advanced practice nurse, would use to guide your decision making in this scenario, including whether you would disclose your error. Be sure to justify your explanation. 
  • Explain the process of writing prescriptions, including strategies to minimize medication errors.

Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The College of Nursing Writing Template with Instructions provided at the Walden Writing Center offers an example of those required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general#s-lg-box-20293632). All papers submitted must use this formatting.

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Vital Organs / Unconscious State

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After studying the course materials located on Module 5: Lecture Materials & Resources page, answer the following:

  1. Name some very important organs that are not vital organs.
  2. List the functional description of all the normal vital organs, including today’s exceptions.
  3. Is it possible to live without a vital organ? Why? Example?
  4. Distinction between assisting or substituting vital organs. Bioethical analysis.
  5. Do the following practices assist or substitute the vital organ? Why?
    • Dialysis
    • Respirator
    • Ventilator
    • Tracheotomy
    • CPR
  6. Read and summarize ERD PART FIVE Introduction.
  7. Unconscious state: Definition.
  8. Clinical definitions of different states of unconsciousness: Compare and contrast
  9. Benefit vs Burden: bioethical analysis.

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wk3USAassgn

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Is there a difference between “common practice” and “best practice”?

When you first went to work for your current organization, experienced colleagues may have shared with you details about processes and procedures. Perhaps you even attended an orientation session to brief you on these matters. As a “rookie,” you likely kept the nature of your questions to those with answers that would best help you perform your new role.

Over time and with experience, perhaps you recognized aspects of these processes and procedures that you wanted to question further. This is the realm of clinical inquiry.

Clinical inquiry is the practice of asking questions about clinical practice. To continuously improve patient care, all nurses should consistently use clinical inquiry to question why they are doing something the way they are doing it. Do they know why it is done this way, or is it just because we have always done it this way? Is it a common practice or a best practice?

In this Assignment, you will identify clinical areas of interest and inquiry and practice searching for research in support of maintaining or changing these practices. You will also analyze this research to compare research methodologies employed.

To Prepare:

  • Review the Resources and identify a clinical issue of interest that can form the basis of a clinical inquiry. Keep in mind that the clinical issue you identify for your research will stay the same for the entire course. 
  • Based on the clinical issue of interest and using keywords related to the clinical issue of interest, search at least four different databases in the Walden Library to identify at least four relevant peer-reviewed articles related to your clinical issue of interest. You should not be using systematic reviews for this assignment, select original research articles.
  • Review the results of your peer-reviewed research and reflect on the process of using an unfiltered database to search for peer-reviewed research.
  • Reflect on the types of research methodologies contained in the four relevant peer-reviewed articles you selected.

Part 1: Identifying Research Methodologies

After reading each of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected, use the Matrix Worksheet template to analyze the methodologies applied in each of the four peer-reviewed articles. Your analysis should include the following:

  • The full citation of each peer-reviewed article in APA format.
  • A brief (1-paragraph) statement explaining why you chose this peer-reviewed article and/or how it relates to your clinical issue of interest, including a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest.
  • A brief (1-2 paragraph) description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed article.
  • A brief (1-2 paragraph) description of the research methodology used. Be sure to identify if the methodology used was qualitative, quantitative, or a mixed-methods approach. Be specific.
  • A brief (1- to 2-paragraph) description of the strengths of each of the research methodologies used, including reliability and validity of how the methodology was applied in each of the peer-reviewed articles you selected.

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Health Care Policy, Teaching Experience and Culminating Experience (Due 24 hours)

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1) Minimum 3 full pages and complete  Example File

             Part 1: Minimum 1 page

             Part 2: minimum 1 page 

             Part 3: minimum complete Example File

             Part 4: Minimum 1 page

Submit 1 document per part

2)¨******APA norms

          All paragraphs must be narrative and cited in the text- each paragraphs

          Bulleted responses are not accepted

          Don’t write in the first person 

          Don’t copy and paste the questions.

          Answer the question objectively, do not make introductions to your answers, answer it when you start the paragraph

Submit 1 document per part

3)****************************** It will be verified by Turnitin (Identify the percentage of exact match of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks) 

********************************It will be verified by SafeAssign (Identify the percentage of similarity of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks)

4) Minimum 3 references per part not older than 5 years

5) Identify your answer with the numbers, according to the question. Start your answer on the same line, not the next

Example:

Q 1. Nursing is XXXXX

Q 2. Health is XXXX

6) You must name the files according to the part you are answering: 

Example:

Part 1.doc 

Part 2.do

__________________________________________________________________________________

Part 1: Health Care Policy

 Select the first Registered Nurse elected to Congress 

1. List at least 3 contributions (Policies) enacted since holding office and  show their impact in helah care

Part 2: Teaching Experience

Topic:  Alarm fatigue in the clinical setting in pediatric nurses in ICU

 

A big part of lesson planning is considering what happens at the end. 

1. Describe how you will close or unpack the lesson for your students after they have participated in the simulation. 

2. Give specific examples of what you will say/do at the end and what you expect your students to say/do at the end. 

3. Explain why you plan to use these specific teaching strategies.

Part 3: Teaching Experience Proposal

Purpose:  Successfully teach your group of students. 

Topic: Perception and response capacity of nurses to alarm fatigue in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

According to Outline File ( See file Outline) complete Example (See File Example). If any point of the list is missing, please add it according to the format. 

Requirements:

1. Your name, date, site location, and preceptor name

2. Lesson title and subject/concept

3. Level of subject/concept, audience, and class size

4. What domain your lesson is aligned to (cognitive)

5. Your students’ prior knowledge and scaffolding strategies for building on prior knowledge

a. List any new vocabulary terms the students will need to know for the lesson

6. Potential challenges and intervention strategies if needed; address any potential safety concerns for hands-on application during the lesson.

7. Brief overview of the concept, content, lesson, and its purpose in the curriculum

8. Standards and learning objectives (include matching QSEN objectives); learning objectives written using Bloom’s taxonomy

9. Presentation of content: How will you open the lesson to get the student’s attention? What visuals will you use to present the content?

10. Lesson pacing and structure: List each step you will follow to complete the lesson. Include estimated time to complete each step, material references, handout names, quiz/test names, activity names, skill sheets, group activities, etc. (if any will be included during or after the simulation).

11. Student activities: Will the students be working individually or in small groups? Provide a rationale for why the activity is appropriate.

12. Assessment of learning objectives and/or evidence of student’s acquisition of the content during your lesson (informal assessment; questioning strategies) and a plan for a formal summative assessment (observational tool) that you will administer. 

a. List and describe any homework the students will be expected to complete.

13. Closure: Describe how you will end the lesson, for example, reviewing the lesson learning objectives; “cliff-hanger” question for the next class date; an encouraging anecdotal story; comments of reinforcement and encouragement; etc.

14. Extra notes or areas that need further clarification

15. Resources and materials needed for the lesson

Part 4: Culminating Experience

Topic: Perception of Patients on the Humanized Care of the ICU Nursing Team

 Research Question:  What is the perception of ICU patients about the humanized care of Nicklaus Children’s hospital nursing team?

Design:  The present study is of an applicative level, of a quantitative type, because it allows us to examine the data numerically, especially in statistics, a descriptive cross-sectional method since it will allow us to obtain the information presented in each time and given space.

1. What was your motivation regarding your research study? 

2. What have you found along your research journey that took you in a different direction, surprised you, or confirmed your ideas? 

3. Is there anything you would do differently if you were to implement your research?

 

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Health Care Policy, Teaching Experience, Culminating Experience and Nursing Research (Due 24 hours)

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1) Minimum 5  full pages  (No word count per page)- Follow the 3 x 3 rule: minimum three paragraphs per part.

             Part 1: Minimum 1 page

             Part 2: minimum 1 page 

             Part 3: minimum 1 page

             Part 4: Minimum 1 page

             Part 5: Minimum 1 page

Submit 1 document per part

2)¨******APA norms

          All paragraphs must be narrative and cited in the text- each paragraphs

          Bulleted responses are not accepted

          Don’t write in the first person 

          Don’t copy and paste the questions.

          Answer the question objectively, do not make introductions to your answers, answer it when you start the paragraph

Submit 1 document per part

3)****************************** It will be verified by Turnitin (Identify the percentage of exact match of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks) 

********************************It will be verified by SafeAssign (Identify the percentage of similarity of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks)

4) Minimum 3 references per part not older than 5 years

5) Identify your answer with the numbers, according to the question. Start your answer on the same line, not the next

Example:

Q 1. Nursing is XXXXX

Q 2. Health is XXXX

6) You must name the files according to the part you are answering: 

Example:

Part 1.doc 

Part 2.do

__________________________________________________________________________________

Part 1: Health Care Policy

 Select the first Registered Nurse elected to Congress 

1. List at least 3 contributions (Policies) enacted since holding office and  show their impact in health care

Part 2: Teaching Experience

Topic:  Alarm fatigue in the clinical setting in pediatric nurses in ICU

A big part of lesson planning is considering what happens at the end. 

1. Describe how you will close or unpack the lesson for your students after they have participated in the simulation. 

2. Give specific examples of what you will say/do at the end and what you expect your students to say/do at the end. 

3. Explain why you plan to use these specific teaching strategies.

Part 3: Culminating Experience

Topic: Perception of Patients on the Humanized Care of the ICU Nursing Team

Research Question:  What is the perception of ICU patients about the humanized care of Nicklaus Children’s hospital nursing team?

Design:  The present study is of an applicative level, of a quantitative type, because it allows us to examine the data numerically, especially in statistics, a descriptive cross-sectional method since it will allow us to obtain the information presented in each time and given space.

1. What was your motivation regarding your research study? 

2. What have you found along your research journey that took you in a different direction, surprised you, or confirmed your ideas? 

3. Is there anything you would do differently if you were to implement your research?

Part 4: Nursing Research

Qualitative data has been described as voluminous and sometimes overwhelming to the researcher. 

1. Discuss two strategies that would help a researcher manage and organize the data.

2. Explain the advantages of these strategies

Part 5: Nursing Research

The three types of qualitative research are phenomenological, grounded theory, and ethnographic research.

1. Compare the differences and similarities between two of the three types of qualitative studies

2. Give an example of each.

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Nursing Research and Trends and Issues in Health Care (Due 24 hours)

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1) Minimum 8  full pages  (No word count per page)- Follow the 3 x 3 rule: minimum three paragraphs per part.

             Part 1: Minimum 3 pages

             Part 2: minimum 1 page 

             Part 3: minimum 1 page

             Part 4: Minimum 3 pages

Submit 1 document per part

2)¨******APA norms

          All paragraphs must be narrative and cited in the text- each paragraph

          Bulleted responses are not accepted

          Don’t write in the first person 

          Don’t copy and paste the questions.

          Answer the question objectively, do not make introductions to your answers, answer it when you start the paragraph

Submit 1 document per part

3)****************************** It will be verified by Turnitin (Identify the percentage of exact match of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks) 

********************************It will be verified by SafeAssign (Identify the percentage of similarity of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks)

4) Minimum 3 references per part not older than 5 years

Part 4: minimum 4 references not older than 5 years

5) Identify your answer with the numbers, according to the question. Start your answer on the same line, not the next

Example:

Q 1. Nursing is XXXXX

Q 2. Health is XXXX

6) You must name the files according to the part you are answering: 

Example:

Part 1.doc 

Part 2.do

__________________________________________________________________________________

Part 1: Nursing Research

 Select the first Registered.

Purpose: Write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of two qualitative research studies

PICOT Question:

Population: Nurses

Intervention: Preventive education

Comparison: Lack of preventive education

Outcome: Incidence

Is there a lower incidence in the administration of medications to hospitalized patients when nurses have preventive education on medication errors in practice and the importance of the use of medication marking compared to nurses without preventive education?

 

Use the practice PICOT QUESTION and two qualitative, peer-reviewed research articles (See File attached).

According to the template “Research Critique Guidelines”.

1. Summarize two qualitative studies (See files)

2. Explain the ways in which the findings might be used in nursing practice, and address ethical considerations associated with the conduct of the study.

3. Provide a rationale

4. Include examples

Part 2: Trends and Issues in Health Care

1. Discuss the correlation between nursing education and positive patient outcomes. 

2. Describe  2 current research that links patient safety outcomes to advanced degrees in nursing.

Based on some real-life experiences

3. explain whether you agree or disagree with the research and why.

Part 3: Trends and Issues in Health Care

1. Discuss the difference between a DNP and a PhD in nursing. 

2. Discuss which of these you would choose to pursue if you decide to continue your education to the doctoral level and explain why.

Part 4: Trends and Issues in Health Care

The IOM published report, “Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health,” makes recommendations for lifelong learning and achieving higher levels of education.

Include the following:

1. Discuss your options in the job market based on your educational level.

Review the IOM Future of Nursing Recommendations for achieving higher levels of education. 

2. Describe what professional certification and advanced degrees (MSN, DNP, etc.) you want to pursue

a. Explain your reasons for wanting to attain the education. Discuss your timeline for accomplishing these goals.

3. Discuss how increasing your level of education would affect how your competitiveness in the current job market and your role in the future of nursing.

4. Discuss the relationship of continuing nursing education to competency, attitudes, knowledge, and the ANA Scope and Standards for Practice and Code of Ethics.

5. Discuss whether continuing nursing education should be mandatory. Provide support for your response.

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Strategies that Boost Self-Efficacy to Improve Cardiovascular Health Behaviors

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Base on this research Early Empowerment Strategies Boost Self-Efficacy to Improve Cardiovascular Health Behaviors (nih.gov) extract the following information. 

1. Introduction Motivation/Problem/Issue/Purpose Statement

• What is the focus of the research study?

• What specific problem/issue are researchers trying to solve?

• Why is this issue important to nursing?

• What is the purpose of the research?

• What is the research question/hypothesis?

(NOTE: This section should include the importance of the research and the potential  impact of research results on patient outcomes; answers the ‘Why?’ question.)

2. Setting/ sampling

• In what setting does the research study take place? Who is the target population?

• What are the eligibility criteria?

• What sampling strategy was used?

(NOTE: This section answers the ‘Where?’ and ‘Who’ questions.)

3. Methods/Data Collection/Data Analysis

• What was the study design?

• What instruments were used to collect data?

• Cronbach α?

• What statistical tests were used to analyze data?

(NOTE: This section answers the ‘How?’ question.)

4. Outcomes/Results

• What were the principal results? 

• Were results statistically significant? 

• Did results answer the research question?

(NOTE: This section answers the ‘What?’ question.)

5. Discussion/Implications

• What are the implications of the results? 

• What do the findings mean?

• Are findings clinically significant?

• What do results mean to nursing practice? for patient outcomes?

(NOTE: This section answers the ‘What now?’ question.)

Limitations/Conclusions

• What were the study weaknesses? 

• What further research could be done in this area?

(NOTE: This section answers the ‘What next?’

question.)

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Health Care in Children and Adolescents ( Due 24 hours)

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1) Minimum 5  full pages  (No word count per page) Follow the 3 x 3 rule: minimum three paragraphs per part.

             Part 1: Minimum  4 pages

             Part 3: minimum 1 page

Submit 1 document per part

2)¨******APA norms

          All paragraphs must be narrative and cited in the text- each paragraph

          Bulleted responses are not accepted

          Don’t write in the first person 

          Don’t copy and paste the questions.

          Answer the question objectively, do not make introductions to your answers, answer it when you start the paragraph

Submit 1 document per part

3)****************************** It will be verified by Turnitin (Identify the percentage of exact match of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks) 

********************************It will be verified by SafeAssign (Identify the percentage of similarity of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks)

4) Minimum 3 references per part not older than 5 years

Part 1: minimum 5 references nor older than 5 years

5) Identify your answer with the numbers, according to the question. Start your answer on the same line, not the next

Example:

Q 1. Nursing is XXXXX

Q 2. Health is XXXX

6) You must name the files according to the part you are answering: 

Example:

Part 1.doc 

Part 2.do

__________________________________________________________________________________

Part 1: Health Care in Children and Adolescents

Assignment Requirements:

Based upon current evidence-based research

1. Introduction (1/2 page)

1. Explain how cultural competence improves health outcomes (1 page).

Identify the differences between cultural awareness, cultural sensitivity, and cultural competence.

2. Discuss why geographic regions, such as Appalachia, are often associated with a particular culture.

3. For each factor, give an example of how a particular culture Cuban may affect the health and development of a pediatric patient (1 page).

a. Health Beliefs

b. Health Customs

c. Religious Beliefs

d. Dietary Customs

4. Conduct a brief cultural self-assessment that includes- Cuban (1 page):

a. What culture do you identify with?

b. How does your culture view diversity?

c. Explain the impact of your culture on healthcare decisions.

d. Explain how your culture views the dying process.

e. Are there any particular customs, foods, holidays, and beliefs that strongly represent your culture?

5. Conclusion (1/2 page)

Part 2: Health Care in Children and Adolescents

Culture: Cuban

Culture affects our view of health, wellness, illness, and death. As a Primary Care Provider, it is essential you have some awareness of your patient’s and family’s culture. Studies have shown that incorporating cultural awareness and sensitivity significantly improves patient compliance.

1. How does this culture view health promotion and disease prevention (such as immunizations)?

2. How does this culture’s spiritual beliefs impact the view of health?

3. How does this culture affect your patient care?

a. Communication

b. Patient education

c. Anticipatory guidance

d. Treatments such as medications

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An informatics project

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Building off your knowledge obtained from the annotated bibliography assignment, you will disseminate the knowledge in the form of an informatics project. (Please be sure to use your annotated bibliography for this assignment).

In this assignment you will:

  1. Develop an informatics deliverable.
  2. In your deliverable, you will develop a product using technology that disseminates the information you obtained and/or learned from your annotated bibliography.
  3. You will need to identify and decide who your target audience is. Who are you going to teach?
    1. Patient
    2. Community
    3. Nurses
    4. Other professionals
  4. You will develop your project.
  5. You can choose how you want to display your project. Your options include:
    1. YouTube video
    2. 5-slide PowerPoint presentation
    3. Flyer and/or poster
    4. Brochure
    5. You may also use Web 2.0 tools or free multimedia presentation tools like Prezi, WordPress.com, Glogster, Animoto, Blabberize, Slideshare, Audioboo, Wordle, Wikis, Voki, Dolnk, and Kerpoof.

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Cultures issues

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 In a SUBSTANTIVE  way please respond to the following questions:1) Why  is cultural diversity important for the nursing profession? 2 ) What are  some barriers to diversity in the nursing profession? 3) Explain the  concept of acculturation( use an example) 

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