Why is a philosophy of science important to nursing

 

Why is a philosophy of science important to nursing? Provide examples from your clinical practice that demonstrate how the scientific method influences nursing knowledge, and in turn, practice? (Essentials I, III, VI, VIII and IX)

Discussion Rubric

The initial post will be regarding the topic of the week and will be a minimum of 250 words. Make sure you provide appropriate references and utilize APA style. 

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Discussion Response APA 180-200 WORDS

THIS IS A RESPONSE TO DISCUSSION BELOW, PLEASE USE APA & IN-TEXT CITATIONS. NO MORE THAN 200 WORDS.

  I was always taught in nursing school that pain is what the patient says that it is. We cannot feel what the patient is feeling, so we have to believe the patient and what they are telling us. “McCaffery defined pain as ‘whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever he says it does’” (Huether &McCance, 2017, p.336). Pain effects each and every person differently. There are many different types of pain caused by many different diagnoses and issues. “Acute pain is transient, usually lasting seconds to days, sometimes up to 3 months. It begins suddenly and is relieved after the chemical mediators that stimulate pain receptors are removed” (Huether & McCance, 2017, p.340). When I think of acute pain, I think of getting a shot. A shot hurts while we are receiving the shot but is quickly relieved once the shot is over. “Visceral pain often radiates (spreads away from the actual site of the pain) or is referred. Referred pain is felt in an area removed or distant from its point of origin- the area of referred pain is supplied by the same spinal segment as the actual site of pain” (Huether & McCance, 2017, p.340). An example of referred pain would be left arm pain during a heart attack. Pain that is radiating away from the actual site of where the hurt is. “Chronic or persistent pain has been defined as lasting for more than 3 to 6 months and is pain lasting well beyond the expected healing time”(Huether & McCance, 2017, p.340). We hear of a lot of people struggling with chronic back pain. 

Pain can feel throbbing, stabbing, aching, burning, cramping, squeezing, etc. There are different factors that affect pain as well. “There are important age and sex differences in the clinical presentations of chronic pain patients. Some older patients present with unique clinical profiles that may reflect cohort differences, and/or physiological or psychological adjustment processes. There appears to be a greater number of distinct chronic pain presentations among females” (Cook & Chastain, 2001, para.5). Age and gender are just 2 factors that can affect pain and the way it is perceived. “In general, the prevalence of chronic pain has been found to be 50% or more among people aged 65 years or older” (Karjalainen, Saltevo, Tiihonen, Haanpää, Kautiainen, & Mäntyselkä, 2018, p.6). Different diseases that patients have can cause patients to have pain. Ethnicity can also be a factor of pain. If we think about sickle cell patients, it occurs more in African Americans and can cause pain during a sickle cell crisis. Age does not affect who can get sickle cell but can affect pain. Sickle cell presents at birth but usually patients do not have any issues until the age of 5 or 6. Another example would be having a tonsillectomy. Everyone states that the pain and recovery is so much easier on young children than in adults. These examples just go to show that everyone perceives pain differently depending on different factors like age, gender, ethnicity, and diseases. 

References

Cook, A. J., & Chastain, D. C. (2001). The Classification of Patients with Chronic Pain: Age and 

Sex Differences. Pain Research and Management, (3), 142. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1155/2001/376352

Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, 

MO: Mosby.

Karjalainen, M., Saltevo, J., Tiihonen, M., Haanpää, M., Kautiainen, H., & Mäntyselkä, P. 

(2018). Frequent pain in older people with and without diabetes – Finnish community-based study. BMC Geriatrics, 18(1), 73. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1186/s12877-018-0762-y

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DQ71 RESPONSE

Kimberly Morris    3 posts   Re: Topic 7 DQ 1  Proper dissemination of an evidence-based practice project is key to its success. While evidence-based practices are continually being developed and studied, the results may not be looked at if not given attention by the right people (Harris, et al., 2011). That is what makes it so important to know who the information is given to. In my evidence-based practice project the internal method of disseminating my work will be to discuss it with the staff at the Calhoun County Public Health Department (CCPHD). This is the facility I will be targeting when it comes to discussing changes in lead levels in children. They will be able to review the material and discuss it to see if there are any practice changes or education which needs to happen with their client base after the material is given to them. When talking with CCPHD I would have a better chance of discussing things with them face to face. This would make things more personal and it would allow for questions to be answered.  The external method I would use to help facilitate in disseminating my material would be the Michigan Department of Public Health. I could present the information to them at a State level to see if they may be interested in any practice changes. There is a rather large push in the State regarding lead as there has been so much exposure since the Flint Water Crisis, any new and relevant information regarding lead and its health effects would be welcome. I believe initially I would start with an email in order to communicate with the State of Michigan hoping for a response which could lead to a meeting with those involved in the State Lead Program.  Reference  Harris, J., Cheadle, A., Hannon, P., Forehand, M., Lichiello, P., Mahoney, E., …Yarrow, J. (2011). A  framework for disseminating evidence-based health promotion practices. Prev Chronic Dis,  2012;9:110081. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd9.110081.

Reference must include doi or retrieval URL 

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CASE STUDY APA FORM

Case Study, Chapter 5, Evidence-Based PracticeTwo professional registered nurses are interested in evidence-based practice and have developed research questions to study.  The nurses discuss what evidence-based practice is all about and are trying to determine if the organizational culture supports nurses who seek out and use research to change long-standing practices that are rooted in tradition rather than science.1. What is the best explanation of the difference between evidence-based practice and best practices?2. The two registered nurses review a variety of research studies to answer their proposed research questions. What is the difference in the efficacy of randomized controlled trials, integrative reviews, or meta-analysis with practice-based evidence for continuous process improvement?3. The registered professional nurses must consider alternative support mechanisms when searching for the best evidence to support their clinical practice. What are possible mechanisms of support for evidence-based practice?4.  Describe the challenges that exist today for nurses in implementing evidence-based practice?

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Developmental Assessment and the School-Aged Child

 

The needs of the pediatric patient differ depending on age, as do the stages of development and the expected assessment findings for each stage. In a 500-750-word paper, examine the needs of a school-aged child between the ages of 5 and 12 years old and discuss the following:

  1. Compare the physical assessments among school-aged children. Describe how you would modify assessment techniques to match the age and developmental stage of the child.
  2. Choose a child between the ages of 5 and 12 years old. Identify the age of the child and describe the typical developmental stages of children that age.
  3. Applying developmental theory based on Erickson, Piaget, or Kohlberg, explain how you would developmentally assess the child. Include how you would offer explanations during the assessment, strategies you would use to gain cooperation, and potential findings from the assessment.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. 

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Topic 2 DQ 1

 Child abuse and maltreatment is not limited to a particular age—it can occur in the infant, toddler, preschool, and school-age years. Choose one of the four age groups and outline the types of abuse most commonly seen among children of that age. Describe warning signs and physical and emotional assessment findings the nurse may see that could indicate child abuse. Discuss cultural variations of health practices that can be misidentified as child abuse. Describe the reporting mechanism in your state and nurse responsibilities related to the reporting of suspected child abuse. 

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Adolescence: Contemporary Issues and Resources

 

Research the range of contemporary issues teenagers face today. In a 500-750-word paper, choose one issue (besides teen pregnancy) and discuss its effect on adolescent behavior and overall well-being. Include the following in your submission:

  1. Describe the contemporary issue and explain what external stressors are associated with this issue.
  2. Outline assessment strategies to screen for this issue and external stressors during an assessment for an adolescent patient. Describe what additional assessment questions you would need to ask and define the ethical parameters regarding what you can and cannot share with the parent or guardian.
  3. Discuss support options for adolescents encountering external stressors. Include specific support options for the contemporary issue you presented. 

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. 

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Assignment

Write a 350- to 525-word article that discusses key stakeholders in the health care sector in which you work (referral coordinator in a Hospital) Include the following in your article:

  • A brief introduction to the health care sector in which you work
  • Identity of key internal stakeholders
  • Identity of key external stakeholders
  • An evaluation of strategies used to develop relationships with internal and external stakeholders

Include a citation of your article in your assignment.

Cite 3 reputable references to support your assignment (e.g., trade or industry publications, government or agency websites, scholarly works, or other sources of similar quality).

Format your assignment according to APA guidelines.

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Quantitative Research

 

Assignment:

Quantitative Research

Write  a fully developed and detailed APA essay addressing each of the  following points/questions. There is no required word count; be sure to  completely answer all the questions for each question in detail.  Separate each section in your paper with a clear heading that allows  your professor to know which bullet you are addressing in that section  of your paper. Support your ideas with at least one (1) source using  citations in your essay. Make sure to cite using the APA writing style  for the essay. The cover page and reference page are required. Review  the rubric criteria for this assignment.

Conduct a literature search to select a quantitative research study  related to the problem identified in Module 1 and conduct an initial  critical appraisal. Respond to the overview questions for the critical  appraisal of quantitative studies, including:

  • Is  this quantitative research report a case study, case control study,  cohort study, randomized control trial or systematic review?
  • Where does the study fall in the hierarchy of evidence in terms of reliability and risk of bias?
  • Why was the study done? (Define the problem and purpose.)
  • Were the steps of the study clearly identified?
  • What was the sample size?
  • Are the measurements of major variables reliable and valid? Explain.
  • How were the data analyzed?
  • Were there any untoward events during the conduct of the study?
  • How do the results fit with previous research in the area? (This may be reflected in the literature review.)
  • What does this research mean to clinical practice?

Additionally,  be sure to include the rapid appraisal questions for the specific  research design of the quantitative study that you have chosen. These  can be found in Chapter 5 of the textbook (Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt,  2015). 

This critical appraisal should be written in complete sentences (not just a numbered list) using APA format. 

Provide a reference for the article according to APA format and a copy of the article.

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DQ1 Please read the instructions. DQ2. . BY 10/14

DQ1.     250 WORDS CITATION AND REFERENCES

Sister Mary is a patient in Level 2 Emergency Department. She must have a neural examination, physical assessment, radiographs of her facial bones, and a computed tomography scan of the head. Taking into consideration that she is a Roman Catholic nun, what would be the ideal course of patient education as this woman progresses from department to department?

DQ2.     250 WORDS CITATION AND REFERENCES

What possible reservations could a health care professional have in working with Sister Mary? (Discuss the psychosocial responses the professional might have.

Read chapters 4-6.

URL:http://gcumedia.com/digital-resources/jonesandbartlett/2010/effective-patient-education_-a-guide-to-increased-adherence_ebook_4e.php

Watch:  Adults: Age-Specific Care (25:00)

Medical care focused on adults must take into account a wide variety of cultural, physiological, and administrative challenges. The good news is that a patient who has matured and become self-reliant is now ready to act as a partner in his or her own health care decisions. This program explores the requirements of adult care, from the college-level years to retirement and the final phases of life. Reminding viewers that the focus now shifts away from growth and into long-term health maintenance, the video offers guidance on the following topics: heart disease, cancer, maternity, childbirth, parenting, child care, aging, diminishing strength and agility, elder and institutional care, Alzheimer’s and dementia, and the need to retain and maximize quality of life. The dilemma of the “sandwich generation” is also discussed. A part of the series Age-Specific Care: A Guide for Health Care Professionals. (25 minutes)©  2008

URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://digital.films.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=12129&xtid=47445

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