Write a short (50-100-word) paragraph response for each question. This assignment is to be submitted as a Microsoft Word document.

1. Give examples of psychosocial factors that affect the health care professional and the effect those factors could have on patient education.
2. Give examples of psychosocial factors that affect the patient and the effect those factors could have on patient education.
3. Explain what is meant by personality styles and give examples of approaches that could be used to help the patient. Include self-perception as a factor.
4. List the steps in adjustment to illness and how the patient copes with each step.
5. Explain the health professional’s role in teaching the patient at different life stages.
6. Define the role of the family in patient education.
7. How might the family influence the compliance of the patient and what measures can the health care professional use in communication with the family?

REPLY 1

Patients that we care for can come from a wide variety of religious backgrounds. Despite of their religious backgrounds, all patients need to be treated with respect according to their religious beliefs. In the case of this scenario with Sister Marry, while providing patient education, it is important for the health care professional to be culturally and spiritually sensitive with her religious belief. The first thing the staff must do is assess the situation, since Sister Mary is a catholic nun she may not feel very comfortable with certain things, and this should be addressed. Knowing that patient is a nun, I might include asking her if there are any personal request of what she needs that would make her more comfortable to comply.

In Sister Mary’s case she may harbor certain beliefs about nudity, the gender of her care provider, as well as revival method requests. This is why it is imperative to take a patient survey, or have her fill out a questionnaire so medical staff can be better antiquated with her needs. Before the examination an appointed staff member should meet with Mary and discuss the procedure in detail so she understands what is going to occur. Throughout this process Mary should be encouraged to ask questions or let the staff know of any special requests. Once this has been completed it will be necessary to have Mary sign documents affirming she is aware of what is going to transpire, and that she understands her part as the patient. Even reaching out to other staff may be helpful to see if anyone has knowledge or background in the Roman Catholic faith. Any religious restrictions should be discussed and noted clearly in her chart so other staff she may interact with is aware. Taking care of the patient is the number one priority, and as long as requests are not too demanding they can most likely be met.

It is very essential for health educator to understand the psychosocial factors, personality types, and the patient’s self-perception while providing patient education. The psychological factors in patients would include the age of the patient, the past experiences and expectations, and attitudes about the illness (Grand Canyon University, 2007). Health care provider should assure Marry about the confidentiality of her health information because Marry as being a nun may feel unfree to assess her physically if assurance of privacy and confidentiality not provided. For instance, in the patient education planning, we as a professional should consider their timing of regular rituals, such as regular attendance at Mass or special observance of special holy days, may be highly stressful to Catholic patients. In addition, we can involve contacting clergy and/or a hospital chaplain to convince her with further education or treatment planning if required.

Reference

Plante, T. G. (2003). “Psychological consultation with the Roman Catholic Church: Integrating who we are with what we do.”Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 22, 304-308.

Grand Canyon University. (2007). Psychosocial factors and patient education. Retrieved on November May 23,2018 from https://lc-ugrad3.gcu.edu../user/users.html?

REPLY2

As healthcare professionals we will treat people from every religion, ethnicity, and age. It is important to take into consideration everything that comes with the patient such as spiritual beliefs and religious considerations. For example, with Sister Mary, since she is a Roman Catholic Nun, she may be uncomfortable with certain things that need to happen. As her nurse I would try to stay wither the whole time or ensure a female is with her to help her through her procedures. During the neural examination, I would ask spiritually appropriate questions that would help assess if she is neurologically intact, while respecting her privacy. Moving onto the physical assessment I would ask her what would make her comfortable during this as I would have to inspect her whole body. I would educate her that this needs to be done to assure there are no further injuries. Maybe have another Sister in the room or just one female nurse. During the X-Rays I would educate her that we are specifically looking at the bones in her face to assess the injury and develop a plan of care once again further. During the CT of her head, I would once again explain to her that as long as there is no metal in her hat or clothes she can remain in them if it makes her feel more comfortable. I would explain we are looking for injuries on the brain that may have occurred due to the mechanism of injury.

I would educate her before everything and during everything as well as explaining everything again afterwards. It is also important to listen to Sister Mary as Roman Catholics believe illness is a punishment from God (Swihart, 2020). By having a priest come see her, it may help her through prayer cope with what is going on as sacrament by a priest is important for the sick in this religion. Also ensuring she has her rosary may lead to patient comfort during all this.

“When individuals and systems work together to provide a positive environment of cultural competence that meets the religious and spiritual needs of patients, the outcome for patients improves, and the system as a whole creates a more positive healthcare environment.” (Swihart, 2020)

Swihart DL, Martin RL. Cultural Religious Competence In Clinical Practice. [Updated 2020 Mar 27]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493216/

ALI  Response 1

The work environment assessment showed by place of employment score of 66, mildly healthy. I would agree with this. I want to point out, the low scores on the questions were referring to management only.  Based on these results, the workplace is not entirely civil. The floor staff works excellent together, but we avoid the director at all costs, as far as bringing things up or going to seek them out. It is felt firmly among floor staff that all the director of our unit makes us feel like we are not doing enough, and she cannot stand to be on the unit. This is mainly because we “just aren’t doing things right.”  Often, she has come down and just cleaned up things, asking what we have been doing and why we cannot keep up. We feel belittled and not 100% when she is around. “The toxic environment leads to a decrease in the nurse’s job satisfaction resulting in increased absenteeism and unnecessary turnover. (Schoville & Aebersold, 2020, p. 2).

There have been incivility incidents in the workplace, and people were unsure of what to do at that moment, making it uncomfortable for all. It seems many of the times those incidents get swept under the rug. I can think of the director with a raised voice at one of the providers in the nurse’s station in front of all floor staff.  This was highly inappropriate, and the provider was very hurt. Not being handeled properly, it made everyone uncomfortable.  The provider was going to write an incident report, but in the end, did not. Like many other times, when the director makes people cry, it is ignored because there is no one else to tell.  If we do seek out a higher up, we feel there will be retaliation anyway.

The DESC model is an excellent approach to structuring a civil conversation. DESC stands to Describe your specific situation, express your concerns, state other alternatives and consequence statement. “Using DESC model in conjunction with cognitive rehearsal is an effective way to address specific incivility incidents.” (Clark, 2018, p. 21).

One way to keep the workplace civil is to have high levels of emotional intelligence. In doing this, staff will be happier and conflict management will be easier.  Keeping personal thoughts and feeling to the side will help the leader focus on the actual problem and the solving. “First, as a leader, it is important to bracket your own emotional responses.” (Marshall & Broome, 2018, p. 286).

“Interactions among employees can affect their ability to do their jobs, their loyalty to the organization, and most important, the delivery of safe, high-quality patient care.” (Clark, 2018, p. 18).

References

Clark, C. M. (2018). Combining cognitive rehearsal, simulation, and evidence-based

    scripting to address incivility. Nurse Educator. doi:10.1097/NNE.0000000000000563

Marshall, E., & Broome, M. (2017). Transformational leadership in nursing: From expert  

    clinician to influential leader (2nd ed). New York, NY: Springer. 

Schoville, R., & Aebersold, M. (2020). How Workplace Bullying and Incivility Impacts Patient 

    Safety: A Qualitative Simulation Study Using BSN Students. Clinical Simulation in Nursing,

    45, 16–23. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1016/j.ecns.2020.01.003

Chr Zei Response 2

Workplace civility is essential in providing high-quality care for patients and promoting effective communication between staff. The American Nurses Association (ANA) acknowledges the importance of nurses encouraging and participating in being civil by abiding by ethics and fostering respect. When a workplace lacks civility, it can harm patient care as there is increased employee turnover and a lack of effective communication between staff (Clark, 2015). Civility allows employees to communicate effectively, not always to agree, but to allow for a healthy discussion. Many employees who experience incivility don’t speak up and lose motivation to provide high-quality care. Incivility costs a workplace financially due to a lack of retaining employees and decreased productivity (NIH Record, 2019).

Often, it is the workplace leader’s job to workplace civility and a teamwork mentality. An effective leader must have a clear vision for the team to follow, and when issues develop, the leader is ready to evaluate and resolve the problem. A good team leader ensures that employees have appropriate resources to conduct their jobs and motivate them to collaborate (Marshall & Broome, 2017). A workplace inventory is a tool used to assess how healthy a work environment is. The place that I am employed with scored 79, which indicates mildly healthy. In my opinion, my workplace is civil, for the most part, with some situations and employees that often require redirecting and effective communication. For example, two employees both expressed that they thought they were trying to interfere with patient assignments. These individuals saw a situation in their minds that one another was trying to sabotage each other when I, as the supervisor, made clinical decisions regarding patient assignments with the physician on call. When we all sat down together to discuss this, these two individuals realized that they were feeling overwhelmed at the time and may have misinterpreted the actions of each other. We resolved the situation by creating a safe and neutral space for both parties to express their concerns and mediate the discussion to end with a civil conversation and a healthy conclusion.

Not every situation in the workplace ends with a positive conclusion. It is essential to use cognitive rehearsing to practice what one wants to convey to another staff member. It is often challenging to discuss situations in the workplace, where emotions are heightened. As a leader, it is imperative to guide these discussions when necessary and not turn a blind eye. Ultimately

References

Clark, C. M. (2015). Conversations to inspire and promote a more civil workplace. American

Nurse Today, 10(11), 18–23. Retrieved October 08, 2020, from https://www.americannursetoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/ant11-CE-Civility-1023.pdf 

Marshall, E. S., & Broome, M. E. (2017). Transformational Leadership in Nursing (2nd

ed.). New York: Springer Publishing.

NIH Record. (2019, March 26). Workplace Civility Increases Productivity. Retrieved October

08, 2020, from https://nihrecord.nih.gov/2018/08/10/workplace-civility-increases-productivity.    

During Week 5, you will write an eight- to ten- page research paper (excluding title and reference pages) that addresses a particular human service profession.  The text lists numerous occupational titles (p. 125).  After choosing a title that interests you, research and develop a paper that includes the following topics as related to your chosen profession:
 

1.   NOHSE standards
2.   Historical perspective on federal laws relating to your profession
3.   Confidentiality
4.   Ethical responsibilities  

Describe the unique aspects of your profession in the human services field as well as the general applications that may apply to most or all other human service professions. Include a minimum of five scholarly, peer-reviewed sources that were published within the last five years, cited according to APA guidelines as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center in your paper.

Writing the Research Paper

1.   Must be eight to ten double-spaced pages in length, and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
2.   Must include a title page with the following:

a.   Title of paper
b.   Student’s name
c.   Course name and number
d.   Instructor’s name
e.   Date submitted

3.   Must begin with an introductory paragraph that has a succinct thesis statement.
4.   Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.
5.   Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis.
6.   Must use at least five scholarly, peer-reviewed sources that were published within the last five years from the Ashford University Library.
7.   Must document all sources in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
8.   Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

Realtors rely on detailed property appraisals—conducted using appraisal tools—to assign market values to houses and other properties. These values are then presented to buyers and sellers to set prices and initiate offers.

Research appraisal is not that different. The critical appraisal process utilizes formal appraisal tools to assess the results of research to determine value to the context at hand. Evidence-based practitioners often present these findings to make the case for specific courses of action.

In this Assignment, you will use an appraisal tool to conduct a critical appraisal of published research. You will then present the results of your efforts.

To Prepare:

• Reflect on the four peer-reviewed articles you selected in Module 2 and the four systematic reviews (or other filtered high- level evidence) you selected in Module 3.
• Reflect on the four peer-reviewed articles you selected in Module 2 and analyzed in Module 3.
• Review and download the Critical Appraisal Tool Worksheet Template provided in the Resources.

The Assignment (Evidence-Based Project)

Part 4A: Critical Appraisal of Research

Conduct a critical appraisal of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected by completing the Evaluation Table within the Critical Appraisal Tool Worksheet Template. Choose a total of four peer-reviewed articles that you selected related to your clinical topic of interest in Module 2 and Module 3.

Note: You can choose any combination of articles from Modules 2 and 3 for your Critical Appraisal. For example, you may choose two unfiltered research articles from Module 2 and two filtered research articles (systematic reviews) from Module 3 or one article from Module 2 and three articles from Module 3. You can choose any combination of articles from the prior Module Assignments as long as both modules and types of studies are represented.

Part 4B: Critical Appraisal of Research

Based on your appraisal, in a 1-2-page critical appraisal, suggest a best practice that emerges from the research you reviewed. Briefly explain the best practice, justifying your proposal with APA citations of the research.

 Submit Part 4A and 4B of your Evidence-Based Project.