You should respond in a well-developed paragraph (300–350 words) integrating an evidence-based resource , Respectfully agree and disagree with your peers’ responses and explain your reasoning by including your rationales in your explanation .At Least 2 APA references each

Response 1 

The purpose of this discussion is to discuss and describe treatment for R.S. who is diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis. Identifying the specific goals of treatment for this patient is essential to care for R.S. The specific goal of the Metronidazole treatment is to resolve the signs and symptoms of infection (Vallerand & Sanoski. 2016). The length of time for complete resolution of the infection depends on the organism and site of infection Vallerand, A. & Sanoski, C. (2016). Moreover, other specific goal of  treatment is to relieve vaginal symptoms, and potentially decrease the risk of acquiring HIV and other sexually transmitted infections such as Chlamydia, trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhea, and viral STIs (Coudray & Madhivanan. 2020).  The drug therapy this writer would prescribe is metronidazole because it will help to fight the signs and symptoms of infection in R.S. (Woo, Terri Moser, Robinson & Marylou. 2020). Metronidazole is the first pharmacological method to treat bacterial vaginosis (Woo, Terri Moser, Robinson & Marylou. 2020). This medication is indicated for anaerobic bacterial infection (Woo, Terri Moser, Robinson & Marylou. 2020). The metronidazole mechanism of action is disrupting DNA and protein synthesis in susceptible organisms (Vallerand & Sanoski. 2016).  This writer would prescribe Metronidazole as 500 mg orally twice daily for 7 days (Woo, Terri Moser, Robinson & Marylou. 2020).

Metronidazole has parameters for monitoring the success of the therapy. This writer will assess the patient R.S. for signs of infection by monitoring the vitals signs, the appearance of discharge, and the white blood cell count (Vallerand & Sanoski. 2016). This assessment will  occur at the beginning of and throughout therapy (Vallerand & Sanoski. 2016).  Additionally, this writer will obtain specimens for culture and sensitivity before therapy and at the end of the therapy (Vallerand & Sanoski. 2016). Patient education is a crucial component of the prescribed treatment. This writer will instruct the patient to take medication as direction and even when feeling better (Vallerand & Sanoski. 2016). This writer will also instruct the patient that metronidazole may be taken with meals or a snack to decrease GI irritation (Woo, Terri Moser, Robinson & Marylou. 2020). More importantly, this writer will instruct and educate patient to avoid alcohol beverages during therapy and for 48 hours after completing it (Woo, Terri Moser, Robinson & Marylou. 2020). Similarly, this writer will instruct patient to abstain from sexual contact or use condoms for seven days after therapy begins (Woo, Terri Moser, Robinson & Marylou. 2020). Lastly, this will advise the patient to consult health care professional if no improvement in a few days or if signs and symptoms of superinfection (black, furry overgrowth on tongue; vaginal itching or discharge; loose or foul-smelling stools) develop (Vallerand & Sanoski. 2016). Metronidazole has several adverse effects. If the patient has seizures or stevens-johnson syndrome while taking this medication this writer would change the medication (Vallerand & Sanoski. 2016). One drug-drug interaction occurs with alcohol (Vallerand & Sanoski. 2016). Disulfram-like reaction may occur with alcohol ingestion (Vallerand & Sanoski. 2016).

Bacterial vaginosis has two treatment options. If the patient does not show signs of improvement with metronidazole. The second choice therapy is clindamycin: oral preparations or intravaginal ovules. Clindamycin would be prescribed to the patient as 300 mg orally twice daily for 7 days (Petrina, Cosentino, Rabe & Hillier. 2017). Clindamycin is the second line of treatment because the medication is an anti-infective used to treat symptomatic women (Vallerand & Sanoski. 2016). Alternative methods to help treat bacterial vaginosis are yogurt, probiotics, or boric acid (Falconi‐McCahill. 2019). Lifestyle management should be recommended for R.S. This writer will educate patients that many of the infections treated with metronidazole are due to sexual transmission (Woo, Terri Moser, Robinson & Marylou. 2020). This writer will advise R.S. the route of transmission and promote refraining from activity until the treatment is complete (Woo, Terri Moser, Robinson & Marylou. 2020). 

Response 2

  Some conditions may affect the client in the community which can make the client feel embarrassed to seek medical attention, but it can be as dangerous as any other health condition when treatment is not delivered promptly and those conditions are associated with sexually transmitted diseases (STD). It can be situations when the person may also infect the partner and both may need treatment. In the discussion board this week R.S. is a 32 years old female which has been having a vaginal discharge for the past month and only have one partner and has been diagnosed with Bacterial Vaginosis. Although Bacterial vaginosis is not considered a sexually transmitted infection the reason for occurrence is associated with multiple sex partners, douching, unprotected intercourse, and the decrease amount of natural flora (Woo, 2020). This condition is caused primarily due to a replacement of the normal flora which is acidic at pH 4.5 to an overgrowth of anaerobic organisms such as Prevotella spp., Mobiluncus spp., Gardnerella vaginalis, or Mycoplasma hominis (Woo, 2020). These organisms tend to grow in a less acidic environment, as presented by the case study were R.S. pH is 5.5 during microscopic examination.

        The main goal of treatment for this condition is to make the symptoms subside before it morphs into something more serious. The first-line treatment is usually initiated with metronidazole 0.75% gel applied vaginally for five days (Allen, 2020). By initiating this therapy, the patient will also monitor itself and follow up with the prescriber whether the treatment is being effective. This type of condition may reoccur on multiple occasions and is important for the patient to seek the prescriber if the condition reoccurs where a different treatment option may be needed. The reason for choosing this treatment option is that it is the least amount of time and can have a better effect since is applied to the site. However, the patient needs to take some precautions during therapy such as do not consume alcohol during and at least three days after the completion of treatment due to the risk for disulfiram-like reactions (Woo, 2020). The patient should also report any burning, stinging, or change in taste which are rare symptoms, but it should be reported while in this therapy (Mayo clinic, 2020). The prescriber should seek a different treatment or add therapy if this first-line treatment is not being effective.

        Although there is a different option that someone may take this writer would prescribe clindamycin 300mg twice daily for 7 days as second-line therapy. The reason for prescribing an oral medication is that it would act quickly and have a more systemic action instead of continuing with the topical option. Besides, it could only be that the patient did not have a useful treatment with the clotrimazole cream due to not following the treatment correctly which can affect the overall treatment. By reading the literature this writer did not found many over-the-counter (OTC) treatment options while treating this condition. The most mentioned OTC was the introduction of probiotics as an adjunct therapy with the antibiotic, but there was no convincing data that attest to its efficacy (Ellington, & Saccomano, 2020). However, while taking antibiotics such as clindamycin, taking a probiotic can decrease the chances of damaging the intestinal natural flora, in this situation it may not help with the current bacterial vaginosis, but it will protect the natural flora which implies that it may be a good reason to take a probiotic while on antibiotic therapy. The main dietary recommendation while taking clindamycin is not to take grapefruit juice together. Clindamycin is a CYP3A4 substrate and grapefruit juice is a strong inhibitor of this substrate, which implies that while taking Clindamycin R.S. should avoid grapefruit juice (WellRx, 2020).Other education factors can help this patient prevent reoccurrences such as limiting sexual partners, using condoms, improving hygiene with sharing sex toys, and the avoidance of douching (Ellington, K., & Saccomano, S. J. (2020). Overall, educating the patient to take/administer the medication as prescribed. Communicate with the prescriber any adverse effects are also an important recommendation to be made while treating the patient in the community.

RUBRIC:

 Discussion Question Rubric – 100 PointsCriteriaExemplary
Exceeds ExpectationsAdvanced
Meets ExpectationsIntermediate
Needs ImprovementNovice
InadequateTotal PointsQuality of Initial PostProvides clear examples supported by course content and references.

Cites three or more references, using at least one new scholarly resource that was not provided in the course materials.

All instruction requirements noted.

40 pointsComponents are accurate and thoroughly represented, with explanations and application of knowledge to include evidence-based practice, ethics, theory, and/or role. Synthesizes course content using course materials and scholarly resources to support importantpoints.

Meets all requirements within the discussion instructions.

Cites two references.

35 pointsComponents are accurate and mostly represented primarily with definitions and summarization. Ideas may be overstated, with minimal contribution to the subject matter. Minimal application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development. Synthesis of course content is present but missing depth and/or development.

Is missing one component/requirement of the discussion instructions.

Cites one reference, or references do not clearly support content.

Most instruction requirements are noted.

31 pointsAbsent application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development. Synthesis of course content is superficial.

Demonstrates incomplete understanding of content and/or inadequate preparation.

No references cited.

Missing several instruction requirements.

Submits post late.

27 points40Peer Response PostOffers both supportive and alternative viewpoints to the discussion, using two or more scholarly references per peer post. Post provides additional value to the conversation.

All instruction requirements noted.

40 pointsEvidence of further synthesis of course content. Provides clarification and new information or insight related to the content of the peer’s post.

Response is supported by course content and a minimum of one scholarly reference per each peer post.

All instruction requirements noted.

35 pointsLacks clarification or new information. Scholarly reference supports the content in the peer post without adding new information or insight.

Missing reference from one peer post.

Partially followed instructions regarding number of reply posts.

Most instruction requirements are noted.

31 pointsPost is primarily a summation of peer’s post without further synthesis of course content.

Demonstrates incomplete understanding of content and/or inadequate preparation.

Did not follow instructions regarding number of reply posts.

Missing reference from peer posts.

Missing several instruction requirements.

Submits post late.

27 points40Frequency of DistributionInitial post and peer post(s) made on multiple separate days.

All instruction requirements noted.

10 pointsInitial post and peer post(s) made on multiple separate days.

8 pointsMinimum of two post options (initial and/or peer) made on separate days.

7 pointsAll posts made on same day.

Submission demonstrates inadequate preparation.

No post submitted.

6 points10OrganizationWell-organized content with a clear and complex purpose statement and content argument. Writing is concise with a logical flow of ideas.

5 pointsOrganized content with an informative purpose statement, supportive content, and summary statement. Argument content is developed with minimal issues in content flow.

4 pointsPoor organization and flow of ideas distract from content. Narrative is difficult to follow and frequently causes reader to reread work.

Purpose statement is noted.

3 pointsIllogical flow of ideas. Prose rambles. Purpose statement is unclear or missing.

Demonstrates incomplete understanding of content and/or inadequate preparation.

No purpose statement.

Submits assignment late.

2 points5APA, Grammar, and SpellingCorrect APA formatting with no errors.

The writer correctly identifies reading audience, as demonstrated by appropriate language (avoids jargon and simplifies complex concepts appropriately).

Writing is concise, in active voice, and avoids awkward transitions and overuse of conjunctions.

There are no spelling, punctuation, or word-usage errors.

5 pointsCorrect and consistent APA formatting of references and cites all references used. No more than two unique APA errors.

The writer demonstrates correct usage of formal English language in sentence construction. Variation in sentence structure and word usage promotes readability.

There are minimal to no grammar, punctuation, or word-usage errors.

4 pointsThree to four unique APA formatting errors.

The writer occasionally uses awkward sentence construction or overuses/inappropriately uses complex sentence structure. Problems with word usage (evidence of incorrect use of thesaurus) and punctuation persist, often causing some difficulties with grammar. Some words, transitional phrases, and conjunctions are overused.

Multiple grammar, punctuation, or word usage errors.

3 pointsFive or more unique formatting errors or no attempt to format in APA.

The writer demonstrates limited understanding of formal written language use; writing is colloquial (conforms to spoken language).

The writer struggles with limited vocabulary and has difficulty conveying meaning such that only the broadest, most general messages are presented.

Grammar and punctuation are consistently incorrect. Spelling errors are numerous.

Submits assignment late.

2 points5Total Points100 

1. Identify four risk factors for respiratory infections in the child. Include rationale for each risk factor.
2. Discuss  how prescribed inhalers and chest physiotherapy work to synergistically  promote mucus clearance in the child with cystic fibrosis.
3. Name and describe the severity classifications of asthma.
4. Identify and describe four complications of Epstein Barr virus.
5. What are the clinical manifestations of otitis media and why is om common in the pediatric population?

1) Minimum 8  full pages (Follow the 3 x 3 rule: minimum three paragraphs per part)

              Part 1: Minimum 1 page

              Part 2: minimum 3 page

              Part 3: minimum 1 page

              Part 4: minimum 1 page

              Part 5: minimum 1 page

              Part 6: minimum 1 page

Submit 1 document per part

2)¨******APA norms

          All paragraphs must be narrative and cited in the text- each paragraphs

          Bulleted responses are not accepted

          Dont write in the first person 

          Dont copy and pase the questions.

          Answer the question objectively, do not make introductions to your answers, answer it when you start the paragraph

         Submit 1 document per part

3)****************************** It will be verified by Turnitin (Identify the percentage of exact match of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks) 

********************************It will be verified by SafeAssign (Identify the percentage of similarity of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks)

4) Minimum 3 references per part not older than 5 years

                Part 3: Minimum 5 references not older than 5 years         

5) Identify your answer with the numbers, according to the question. Start your answer on the same line, not the next

Example:

Q 1. Nursing is XXXXX

Q 2. Health is XXXX

6) You must name the files according to the part you are answering: 

Example:

Part 1.doc 

Part 2.doc 

__________________________________________________________________________________

Part 1: Health Care Policy

1. Describe a type of health care spending that you consider wasteful or services that you consider have little or no benefit. 

2. Explain why you find the spending wasteful, and if eliminated, what impact it may have on the American public.

Part 2: Health Care Policy 2

Meeting: Maternal Health and Mortality: 

Topic: “The House Ways and Means Committee convened a hearing to discuss the high rate of mothers dying due to causes related to pregnancy or childbirth in the U.S. Olympian and gold medalist track and field athlete Allyson Felix testified about the need to address the racial disparities with maternal health care” (“House Committee Examines Racial Disparities in Maternal Mortality Rates”, n.d.).

Location: May 16th, 2019 @ C-Span.org

Link: https://www.c-span.org/video/?460809-1/house-committee-examines-racial-disparities-maternal-mortality-rates&start=1692&transcriptQuery=nicu

1. The purpose of the meeting, key participants, key agenda items, and meeting logistics

2. Background information and a description about the committee

3. One specific topic that was discussed at the meeting and an explanation of the committee process

4.An analysis of the key stakeholder positions related to the topic discussed

5. Key interactions that occurred at the meeting

6. Outcomes of the meeting including the specific topic focus

Part 3: Nursing research

1) What type of analysis you are conducting in your research

studies and explain it?  cross-sectional quantitative descriptive study  

2) What are the advantages and disadvantages of both inferential analysis and qualitative analysis?

Part 4: Nursing role and scope

1. Describe a clinical experience that was troubling to you. 

2. Describe what bothered you about the experience and what could have you done differently utilizing critical thinking.

Part 5: Physical Assessment

1. A patient who has smoked for 20 years has a desire to quit. He has COPD. 

a. Discuss the 5 A’s used in assessing readiness to quit smoking.

b. Discuss the “Stages of Change Model” that assesses readiness to quit as well.

2. A patient has come to the emergency room with severe dyspnea. A pulmonary embolism (PE) is suspected.

a. What other clinical manifestations are indicative of a PE?

b. What is a major risk factor for development of a PE?

Part 6: Physical Assessment 2

During assessment of the apical pulse,the nurse has the patient supine. They locate the apical impulse at the 6th intercostal space near the axilla area. 

1. Discuss normal location of apical pulse and suggest causes for the location at the 6th intercostal space.

Stroke volume (the volume of blood ejected with each heartbeat) depends in turn on preload, myocardial contractility, and afterload. 

2. Discuss these cardiovascular components and discuss disease processes related to each of them.

Benchmark – Curriculum Development Issue Paper

Read “Reconceptualizing Program Outcomes” and “Leveling EBP Content for Undergraduate Nursing Students” for a better understanding of issues within curriculum development.

Select an issue within curriculum development that is of interest to you.

Write a paper of 1,250 words on the issue, discussing its affect and relevance to nursing, staff or patient education.

1. Why is this issue a problem at your place of employment?

2. What are your proposed strategies to resolve these issues?

3. Use at least three to five scholarly, peer-reviewed resources less than 5 years old in addition to the course materials. Make sure that you do not use the two sources given in this assignment.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

Develop a PICOT question that defines a gap in practice and write a 2–3 page executive summary presenting the key elements that decision makers will need to make decisions.

Note: Complete the assessments in this course in the order in which they are presented.

It is important to define your ideas clearly and precisely to help develop and sustain stakeholder buy-in with any project being created to improve outcomes. Using a PICOT gives the reader a clear idea of your improvement project in one succinct sentence. Another important communication tool is written for the administrative stakeholders in the form of an executive summary. The executive summary provides a brief and precise narrative of what you want to expedite for your improvement project. Executive summaries are commonly associated with business plans, marketing plans, evaluation studies, and other materials that are created to guide decision making and action. As an actionable document, the executive summary is meant to set out the key elements that a decision maker will need in order to make decisions and, as important, to justify those decisions to those to whom the decision maker is responsible.

Assignment Summary

Develop a PICOT question that defines a gap in practice related to a specific population at the organizational, regional, or national level for care coordination. Write a 2–3 page executive summary (not including the title and reference pages). Include 4–6 scholarly sources on the reference page.

You are encouraged to formulate a PICOT question based on a clinical question from your field of expertise or reflective of a specialization or strong area of career interest.

Grading Criteria

The numbered assignment instructions outlined below correspond to the grading criteria in the Defining a Gap in Practice: Executive Summary Scoring Guide, so be sure to address each point. You may also want to review the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed.

1. Analyze clinical priorities for a specific population to effectively influence health outcomes with a care coordination process.
2. Apply a PICOT question to a gap in practice at the organizational, regional, or national level for care coordination.    
   • What is the PICOT question?
   • Provide and explanation of the selected gap.
3. Evaluate the potential services and resources for care coordination that are currently available for use with the selected population.
4. Assess the type of care coordination intervention that would best fit to enhance evidence-based practice.
5. Summarize the selected nursing diagnosis to support the strategy for collaborative care to present to the interprofessional team to develop stakeholder understanding. 
   • Present an assessment of the issue to start the process.
6. Explain the planning of the intervention and expected outcomes you want to achieve for the care coordination process using the scope and standards of practice for care coordination. 
   • What are the planning steps for the intervention?
   • What expected outcomes you want to achieve?
7. Write content clearly and logically, with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.

The audience for this presentation is an interprofessional team (including people in the care coordination process and leadership who are approving the process). Your objective is to develop stakeholder understanding and acceptance.​​​​

Additional Requirements

• Written communication: Write clearly, accurately, and professionally, incorporating sources appropriately.
• APA guidelines: Resources and citations are formatted according to current APA Style and Format. When appropriate, use APA-formatted headings.
• Font and font size: Times Roman, 12 point.