Obesity and Diabetes

The next step in the research process is immersing oneself in the empirical literature on your research topic to determine the extent to which your research question: 

n Is obesity (IV) associated with diabetes risk (DV) among Americans aged 35-45? has been addressed. 

Part 1. Your task for this assignment is to:

Use the six peer-reviewed journal articles (below) that present studies relevant to your topic, and synthesize these in an evidence table(1-2 pages). 

Go to Evidence Table: https://guides.lib.unc.edu/ebpt-home/evidence for more details on what this table should contain. 

Part 2. Based on your evidence table, address the following questions in 3-4 pages:

1. What      are the gaps in the available qualitative and quantitative data about your      selected research topic/question?
2. Which      study design is most appropriate to address your research question and      test your hypothesis?
3. What      are the components of this study design? You may describe using a diagram.
4. Would      this design be considered experimental or observational? Why?
5. What      are the advantages and disadvantages of the study design you selected?
6. To      what types of bias/threat is this study design most vulnerable? Please      explain.

Length: 3-4 pages typed, double-spaced, APA format.

Peer-reviewed journal articles:

Eckel, R. H., Kahn, S. E., Ferrannini, E., Goldfine, A. B., Nathan, D. M., Schwartz, M. W., . . . Endocrine Society. (2011). Obesity and type 2 diabetes: What can be unified and what needs to be individualized? Diabetes Care, 34(6), 1424-1430. doi:10.2337/dc11-0447

Leitner, D. R., Frühbeck, G., Yumuk, V., Schindler, K., Micic, D., Woodward, E., & Toplak, H. (2017). Obesity and type 2 diabetes: Two diseases with a need for combined treatment strategies – EASO can lead the way. Obesity Facts, 10(5), 483-492. doi:10.1159/000480525

Al-Goblan, A., Al-Alfi, M., & Khan, M. Z. (2014). Mechanism linking diabetes mellitus and obesity. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity, 7, 587-591. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.trident.edu:2048/10.2147/DMSO.S67400

Toselli, S., Gualdi-Russo, E., Boulos, D. N., Anwar, W. A., Lakhoua, C., Jaouadi, I., Khyatti, M., & Hemminki, K. (2014). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults from North Africa. European journal of public health, 24 Suppl 1, 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cku103

Khabazkhoob, M., Emamian, M. H., Hashemi, H., Shariati, M., & Fotouhi, A. (2017). Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the Middle-age Population: A Priority for the Health System. Iranian journal of public health, 46(6), 827–834.

Staimez, L. R., Weber, M. B., Narayan, K. M., & Oza-Frank, R. (2013). A systematic review of overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes among Asian American subgroups. Current diabetes reviews, 9(4), 312–331. https://doi.org/10.2174/15733998113099990061

Patient HL comes into the clinic with the following symptoms: nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The patient has a history of drug abuse and possible Hepatitis C. HL is currently taking the following prescription drugs:

Synthroid 100 mcg daily

Nifedipine 30 mg daily

Prednisone 10 mg daily

· Explain your diagnosis for the patient, including your rationale for the diagnosis.

· Describe an appropriate drug therapy plan based on the patient’s history, diagnosis, and drugs currently prescribed.

· Justify why you would recommend this drug therapy plan for this patient. Be specific and provide examples.

 Discuss possible diagnoses. Also, discuss how you would assess the patient clinically, and how you would treat them if your supposed diagnosis was correct.  

Answer these essay questions:

Essay #1: Give your reasons to your answer to this question: “Can unethical behavior occur for a leader who has proper values and intentions?” Why or why not?

Essay #2: Describe the GLOBE project and tell why it is important.

Essay #3: Case Study: Madison, Jones, and Conklin

After graduating from a prestigious business school, Laura Kravitz accepted a job at Madison, Jones, and Conklin, a medium‐sized firm that did accounting and consulting projects for corporate clients. After a series of successful assignments working as a member of a project team, Laura was promoted to a team manager position with broader responsibilities. Laura felt confident about her qualifications. The other team managers seemed to respect her, and clients were happy with the projects she managed. With this record of success, Laura hoped to eventually become a partner in the company. However, as the only woman manager in a male‐dominated company, she knew that there would be some obstacles to overcome.

Laura felt that some of the senior managers were very conservative and did not accept her as an equal. In the quarterly planning meetings, these managers were often inattentive when she spoke and seemed unreceptive to her suggestions for improvements. Several times she proposed an idea that was ignored, and that same idea was later suggested by someone else who received the credit for it.

Laura did not have a mentor in the company to tell people about her skills and help to advance her career. Moreover, she did not feel accepted into the informal network of relationships that provided opportunities to interact with senior managers. She did not like to play golf and was not a member of the exclusive golf club to which many of the male managers belonged. She was not invited to most of the social activities hosted by senior managers for friends and select members of the company.

Laura also felt that the assignment of projects was biased. The high‐profile projects were always given to the male managers. When Laura asked her boss for more challenging projects, she was told that the older clients usually preferred to deal with men. Because she was not given the more profitable accounts, her performance numbers did not look as good as the numbers for some of the male managers. Two male managers who had joined the company around the same time she was hired were promoted ahead of her.

Frustrated by the apparent “glass ceiling” at the company, Laura asked to meet with the president to talk about her career. The president was surprised to hear that Laura was unhappy about her advancement in the company. He assured her that she was a valuable employee and should be patient about a promotion. However, after another year with little improvement in how she was treated, Laura resigned from the company. With two friends from graduate school who also felt unappreciated, she formed a new company and served as the chief executive officer. In a relatively short time, this company became highly successful.

1. What forms of gender discrimination did Laura experience?
2. What could Laura have done to overcome the obstacles she encountered?
3. What could the president have done to create equal opportunity in this company?

Essay #4:  Using the Internet, survey current research comparing male and female leaders, summarize the major trends.

Improving patient care and outcomes is paramount to the practice of nursing. As we conclude our learning journey through our world of research and evidence-based practice, it is important to reflect upon your time spent in the course:

• Think about nursing practice and describe one barrier that you feel prohibits nurses from engaging in EBP; share one strategy you could use to facilitate the use of evidence to help improve nursing care for patients.
• Reflect back over your time in the course and describe how your thinking has changed about nursing research and evidence-based practice; describe one new learning during this course that you believe was the most helpful.

 Not all medical errors carry extreme consequences like those described in this week’s introduction, but they are harmful just the same. Most people have experienced some form of medical error. For example, perhaps you were prescribed a medication that interfered with another of your medications. Perhaps you received an inaccurate diagnosis that led to unnecessary testing or prolonged discomfort. For this Journal, you reflect on an experience you had with a medical error and explore tools that could have assisted in prevention.

references:

Johnson, J. K., & Sollecito, W. A. (2020). McLaughlin & Kaluzny’s continuous quality improvement in health care (5th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett.
Chapter 9, Assessing Risk and Preventing Harm in the Clinical Microsystem (pp. 234–251)

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2019c). Measurement of patient safety. Retrieved from https://psnet.ahrq.gov/primers/primer/35/Measurement-of-Patient-Safety

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2019a). Checklists. Retrieved from https://psnet.ahrq.gov/primer/checklists?q=/primers/primer/14

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2019b). Detection of safety hazards. Retrieved from https://psnet.ahrq.gov/primer/detection-safety-hazards

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2019d). Root cause analysis. Retrieved from https://psnet.ahrq.gov/primer/root-cause-analysis 

 Describe a time when you experienced a medical error as a student, practicing nurse, patient, or family member. Be sure to explain the circumstances of the error, as well as the quality and safety methods and tools that could have helped prevent the error. Be specific and provide examples.