In the mid-20th century, Dr. Williams Demings was a leader in quality improvement. His framework helped transform health care through the use of his management and research techniques. Review his theory and choose three points to discuss. How could you use them as a nurse leader? 

Write an RUA On topic Serious Illness and Palliative Care 

his week we discuss legal punishment and what type of crimes, if any, should be punishable by death.

Please answer any two of the following three questions:

[1] Is the death penalty appropriate for the sexual assault of a minor?  Why or why not?  And what about the death sentence for the killing of police officers or other public figures? 

[2] Do you think it is right to release the man John Hinkley Jr. from the mental hospital that his held him for some 35 years?  In 1981, John Hinkley Jr. shot President Ronald Reagan in an attempt to assassinate the President?  Why should he or should he not be released now?  For a news video on the case, see: LINK (Links to an external site.)

[3] What about the death sentence for Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, the Boston bomber found guilty in court for the act of planning and executing terrorism in Boston?  The Jury sentenced Tsarnaev to death.  The death sentence has been appealed by his lawyers.   What would your sentence be and why?   News item on the case: LINK

For this assessment, you will determine the relevant statistical tests to apply to the analysis of a data set, and then write a 3–4 page interpretation of the results of your analysis.

This assessment will ask you to select, apply, and interpret the results of a variety of statistical tests on a health care data set. This may include tests you have learned about or applied previously in the course, or the new nonparametic t-Test which is presented in the resources for this assessment. The challenge is using what you have learned to determine the best course of action to complete the interpretative tasks the assessment lays out for you. This attempts to mirror real-world situations where the data or statistical analysis could be approached in a variety of different ways. To decide which statistical test to use for the various dependent variables to be analyzed, one must first know more about the data type (measurement level) within those variables.

Overview

Public health researchers are often involved in collaborating in the design, development, and analysis of community initiatives of varying complexity. While this course alone will not provide sufficient training for you to act as a statistical consultant, it does offer a broad and practice-based analytic foundation that can position you to better understand and more fully contribute to real-world project teams. Building on the basic statistical concepts and analytical techniques of the previous units, this assessment is an opportunity to use your cumulative quantitative-analysis skills to address a broad set of real-world research questions.

Demonstration of Proficiency

By successfully completing this assessment you will address the following scoring guide criteria, which align to the indicated course competencies.

• Competency 2: Apply appropriate statistical methods using common software tools in the collection and evaluation of health care data. 
  • Perform the most appropriate parametric or nonparametric test to answer each question.
• Competency 3: Interpret the results and practical significance of statistical health care data analyses. 
  • Assess the assumption of normal distribution prior to analysis.
  • Appropriately interpret the statistical output (such as estimate, p-value, confidence interval, and effect size) resulting from each statistical test.
  • Summarize the clinical implications, significance, and potential limitations of the study data and outcomes.
• Competency 4: Assess the quality of quantitative research methods reported in peer-reviewed health care literature. 
  • Describe the practical significance of the results of statistical tests.
• Competency 5: Address assignment purpose in a well-organized text, incorporating appropriate evidence and tone in grammatically sound sentences. 
  • Articulate meaning relevant to the main topic, scope, and purpose of the prompt. 
  • Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references.

Instructions

Complete the following for this two-part assessment.

Software

The following statistical analysis software is required to complete your assessments in this course:

• IBM SPSS Statistics Standard or Premium GradPack, version 22 or higher, for PC or Mac.

You have access to the more robust IBM SPSS Statistics Premium GradPack.

Please refer to the Statistical Software page on Campus for general information on SPSS software, including the most recent version made available to Capella learners.

Part 1: Yoga and Stress Study Statistical Tests

1. Use the Yoga Stress (PSS) Study Data Set [XLSX] to determine the measurement level of data of the dependent or outcome variable (Psychological Stress Score) you are analyzing. 
   • Is the data categorical, ordinal, or interval or ratio?
2. Before performing any statistical tests, you must determine which tests would be most appropriate for your data type. 
   • Perform a preevaluation of the data for outliers (all variables) and normal distribution (only dependent variables) as you have done previously.
   • Use How to Choose a Statistical Test [PPTX] as general guidance in helping you to decide which test to use.
   • Use the readings, media, resources, and textbook as guides to perform an analysis of the selected variables.
3. Perform and interpret an appropriate series of statistical tests (including preanalytical testing for outliers and normal distribution of data) that answer the following research questions: 
   • How would you quantitatively describe the study population? 
     • Summarize the primary demographic data using descriptive statistics.
   • Is there any association between gender and race in this military study? 
     • Perform an appropriate chi-square analysis.
4. Perform preliminary assessment of the data, then compare pretest to post-test scores. 
   • In total population being studied, what was the effect of the yoga intervention on stress?
5. Provide the SPSS “.sav” output file that shows your programming and results for this assessment.

Part 2: Interpretive Report

1. Summarize the clinical implications related to the statistical outcomes for each of the questions above.
2. Describe potential limitations of the study (Part 1, number 3).

Additional Requirements

• Length: Your paper will be 3–4 typed, double-spaced pages of content plus title and reference pages.
• ​Font: Times New Roman, 12 points.
• APA Format: Your title and reference pages must conform to APA format and style guidelines. See the APA Module for more information. The body of your paper does not need to conform to APA guidelines. Do make sure that it is clear, persuasive, organized, and well written, without grammatical, punctuation, or spelling errors. You also must cite your sources according to APA guidelines.

• For this assessment, you will develop a 3-4 page critique of the quantitative design, methods, and results of a scholarly study.
  The ability to use quantitative approaches to analyze health care data is a vital skill for today’s doctoral prepared professional. You will be expected to have the skills to critically assess the deeper analytical qualities of an article and ultimately comment on its overall validity and practical relevance. This assessment will provide you with an opportunity to demonstrate and hone your ability to analyze and critique the quantitative methods of a research study using an example from the literature.
  For the learner who has finished the data collection process for the doctoral project, analysis of that data offers an exciting (and sometimes challenging) opportunity of discovery. One of the most common statistical techniques for examining the relationship of two variables is correlation analysis. The specific kind of correlational technique depends on the combination of the measurement level (that is, categorical, ordinal, or interval or ratio) of the two data variables being examined. Correlation analysis can tell us the direction and strength of relationships between two variables.
  Overview
  Whether preparing a scholarly document for your doctoral program or simply trying to stay current in your professional field, you must continuously grow in your ability to read research. As an undergraduate, you probably just skimmed over an article’s abstract and introduction, focusing most of your attention on the interpretation of the results at the conclusion. As a doctoral-level professional, your colleagues will expect you to have the skills to critically assess the deeper analytical qualities of an article and ultimately comment on its overall validity and practical relevance.
  Using the readings, media, and various resources in this course, you have an opportunity to engage in critical thinking to assess the analytical results of a peer-reviewed quantitative study. This assessment parallels and complements the literature critique skill set you have developed previously in your program.
  The following will help provide you with potential approaches and frameworks to completing the critique and assessment portions of this assessment:
  • Shahnazi, H., Hosseintalaei, M., Esteki Ghashghaei, F., Charkazi, A., Yahyavi, Y., & Sharifirad, G. (2016). Effect of educational intervention on perceived susceptibility self-efficacy and DMFT of pregnant women. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 18(5), e24960.
  • Coughlan, M., Cronin, P., & Ryan, F. (2007). Step-by-step guide to critiquing research. Part 1 – Quantitative research. British Journal of Nursing, 16(11), 658–663.
  • The Value of a Research Critique to Translate Evidence Into Practice.
  • Demonstration of Proficiency
    By successfully completing this assessment you will address the following scoring guide criteria, which align to the indicated course competencies.
  • Competency 1: Describe underlying concepts and reasoning related to the collection and evaluation of quantitative data in health care research. 
    • Describe the study results for a quantitative study published in scholarly literature.
  • Competency 3: Interpret the results and practical significance of statistical health care data analyses. 
    • Interpret and critique the analytical testing approach used in a quantitative study described in scholarly literature.
  • Competency 4: Assess the quality of quantitative research methods reported in peer-reviewed health care literature. 
    • Cite and summarize a selected article.
    • Assess the overall methodological quality of an article using critique guidelines.
  • Competency 5: Address assignment purpose in a well-organized text, incorporating appropriate evidence and tone in grammatically sound sentences. 
    • Articulate meaning relevant to the main topic, scope, and purpose of the prompt. 
    • Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references.
  • Instructions
  1. Read the article by Shahnazi et al. linked earlier in these instructions.
  2. Cite and summarize the article. 
     • Include study PICO, goals, intervention, and assessment data collected.
  3. Describe, interpret, and critique the statistical testing approach. 
     • Include preanalytic normal distribution and post-intervention analytical testing. The article by Shahnazi et al. may be a helpful reference.
  4. Describe, interpret, and critique the study’s results from the analysis. 
     • Address issues of significance; type I and II errors, confidence intervals, and effect sizes.
  5. Assess the overall methodological quality of the article using the step-by-step critique guidelines in the article by Coughlan, Cronin, and Ryan, linked above.
  6. Additional Requirements
  • Length: Your paper will be 3–4 double-spaced pages of content plus title and reference pages.
  • Font: Times New Roman, 12 points.
  • APA Format: Your title and reference pages must follow APA format and style guidelines. See the APA Module for more information. The body of your paper does not need to conform to APA guidelines. Do make sure that it is clear, persuasive, organized, and well written, without grammatical, punctuation, or spelling errors. You also must cite your sources according to APA guidelines.
  • Please review the assessment scoring guide before submitting your paper. The requirements outlined above correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide, so be sure to address each point. In addition, you may wish to review the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed.