Digital Image Processing

Digital image processing represents a set of specialized techniques as well as computer processing tools used to enhance the visual appearance of as well as extract information from remotely sensed images. Moreover, it is applied in rectifying imagery to match the selected map base. The digital image processing have 5 broad categories:

1. Image Restoration and Rectification
2. Image Enhancement
3. Information Extraction
4. Biophysical modelling
5. GIS Integration

Digital Image Processing

Image Restoration and Rectification

The operations of image restoration and rectification adjust the image values as well as geometry for purposes of correcting for errors and limitations in the sensor system. Evidently, this help in minimizing the atmospheric effect. Furthermore, it change the image geometry to match a convenient geographic reference system.

In image restoration and rectification uses two techniques:

1. Radiometric corrections
2. Geometric corrections.

Digital Image Processing

Radiometric Corrections.

The radiometric corrections are considered necessary because the sensors are usually affected by factors such as:

• Variation in scene illumination.
• Atmospheric conditions
• Sensor characteristics and viewing geometry.

The radiometric corrections are also considered critical in removing the periodic malfunctioning in the component of the sensing system. Commonly referred to as image noise, it may represents the image as;

• Missing scan lines
• Line dropouts
• Salt and pepper e.t.c.

The image correction techniques play a considerable role in eliminating the appearance of these errors. It does this through estimating the replacement values based on the neighboring pixel. Atmospheric correction usually represents a name given to a group of image processing techniques applied in reducing the degradation of image quality which is caused by atmospheric interference.

Lastly, the correction approach range from physical modelling of the energy transmission through the atmosphere to empirical approximations of spectral changes.

Digital Image Processing

Geometric Corrections

Before the remotely sensed images can be brought into a GIS system, the images must be geo-rectified, a process which enables the geographic coordinates of each pixel to be determined at a level of accuracy suited to the intended use. In image analysis, this process is usually referred to as geometric rectification. The geometric distortions usually arise from the following:

1. Variation in altitude
2. Variation in attitude and velocity of the sensor.
3. Variation in characteristic of scanning mechanisms.
4. Relief displacement.
5. Skew distortions.

The geometric distortions are taken care of by applying geometric corrections in a two step process:

• Mathematical transformation function
• Resampling

The most common approach applied for georeferencing is the ground control points approach. This mainly involve the identification of numerous control points and determining their location in the image and their geographic coordinates from field observation or from referenced source such as topographical map of a suitable level of accuracy. Evidently, the choice of the ground control points is usually features or points which can accurately be determined. The number of points needed depends on the terrain and image characteristics as well as the level of geometric accuracy needed.

The translation applied are usually first and second order polynomial functions which are automatically generated in software from a set of user specified control points. Once an acceptable set of transformation equations have been derived, the rectified image is generated by resampling which represents the process of generating a new image with different geometric traits.

Digital Image Processing

Resampling Algorithms

Based on the application, one of the three resampling algorithms can be used. The three algorithms are;

1. Nearest neighbor
2. Bilinear interpolation
3. Cubic convolution

The nearest neighbor method calculate the center of each pixel in the outer image, finds the corresponding location in the original image as well as uses the value of pixels whose centre is nearest. Bilinear interpolation, one calculates the distance weighted mean from the four nearest neighbors. Additionally, the cubic convolution calculate the distance-weighted-mean from a block of 16 pixels in the input image surrounding the output pixel.

Note:

• The nearest neighbor resampling does not change the original pixel values. On the other hand, bilinear interpolation produces a smoother image when compared to the nearest neighbor method. Additionally, the cubic convolution yields the most visually appealing results. It remains the most preferred for visually interpretation of images.

Digital Image Processing

Image Enhancements

Refers to a number of processes which involves visual interpretability of an image through applying algorithms to brightness, contrast and color radiations of features in the image. Evidently, enhancements facilitate the visual interpretation as well as enhance image data to its preferred values. Some of the common image enhancement techniques include:

1. Brightness and Contrast Enhancement.
2. Edge Enhancement.
3. Information Extraction.

Digital Image Processing

Edge Enhancement

This is usually applied to improve the appearance of spatial patterns present in the data as well as edge in any place where there is an abrupt change in pixel. Edge enhancements play an important role in making light tone lighter and dark tone darker. Furthermore, edge enhancement is very useful for a variety of applications including cartographic displaying, urban planning and geologic mapping.

Information Extraction

There are different methods of extracting information from remotely sensed images such as:

• Extraction of indices, physical quantities and specific features.
• Image classification
• Change detection

Digital Image Processing

Extraction of indices

Vegetation, its type, condition and presence is of key importance to human activities. The vegetative indices usually provide the structure, amount as well as the condition of vegetation. Moreover, they are also used in deriving physical parameters such as Leaf Area Index. Furthermore, they find great usage in deriving percentage of Grain Matter and Biomass.

Additionally, the vegetative indices are valuable for monitoring changes in vegetation conditions and seasonal development over type and facilitate comparison of vegetation in different regions. Evidently, they find wide range of regional and global scale physical studies including. Furthermore, climate, biochemical and hydrologic modelling and natural resources inventory and monitoring. Moreover, land use planning , agricultural crop monitoring and forecasting and deforestation studies. Moreover, there is assessment of rangelands, condition and grazing capacity, desertification and drought forecasting, population studies as well as public health issues.

The normalized differences vegetative index calculated from sensor visible red and near-infrared bands represents one of the broadly applied vegetation indices

 

Digital Image Processing

Digital Image Classification

It represents categorization of data into useful groupings. The process of image classification involves the following stages:

1. Definition of classes
2. Obtaining the training data.
3. Generating spectral signatures.
4. Actual classification.
5. Accuracy assessment.

It is imperative to come up with a detailed classification which will help in distinguishing characteristics necessary for the application.

Digital Image Processing

Why Choose Us?

GIS Homework Help desk will offer quality remote sensing help to our esteemed clients. Moreover, our professionals are properly equipped to deal with the common Remote Sensing software such as Erdas Imagine, Envi and Idris. GIS homework help experts guarantee timely and quality work. In addition, the experts are ready to offer tutorials services to our clients at any time of the day. Furthermore, experts takes time to thoroughly explain the completed assignments to the clients. Additionally, the support system offers 24/7 services. Lastly, with 7-year experience in this field, we have gained the trust of many customers worldwide and can guarantee you provision of the best, affordable and high quality and best custom essay writing services.

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now

Dealing with depression among college students.

Dealing with depression among college students. There is a myth that depression can only occur in elderly individuals. However, research shows that depression can happen in an individual at any age. Some of the most dominant individuals prone to acquire depression are students in college.

College students are more susceptible to acquire depression or be more depressed due to factors such as increased school work, increased stress from school, low finances, or even being homesick. The primary thing that makes depression more common to students in colleges is the fact that they confuse it for sadness or stress. However, these are different. Depression tends to be more severe but treatable if one seeks medical help. Here are the strategies that can be executed or tips that can be undertaken as a means of fighting depression in college students;

Engage Students in Psychotherapy

Although most students hate psychotherapy and guidance and counseling sessions, they help determine what underlying factors trouble a student. An education facility like a college or university can hire a trained mental health professional, who can help students to address issues that are bothering them. Psychotherapy is one of the identified methods that help reduce the symptoms of depression in a student, as well as preventing future depression in students.

 

Establish Exercises as a Routine in the College

Sometimes all a student needs is to engage in an activity that will make them more mindful and forget the troubles in their lives. Some of the conscious activities that facilities can urge college students to undertake include yoga sessions, meditation classes, retreats, or even therapist sessions. Sessions such as yoga relax a student’s mind and tend to mitigate the symptoms of depression

Encourage Students to Strengthen their Social Connections

Although students go to colleges with the aim of learning, they are also to socialize and make new friendships. Dealing with depression among college students. Since majority of the students tend to move away from friends and family members when they go to college, meeting new people can tend to be challenging to them. Although it is overwhelming at first, once the friendships become stable, a student is no longer alone. Trying to meet and make new friends is ideal for one’s mental health and reduces the chances of a college student becoming depressed.

• Students should Improve their Sleeping Habits

There is a tendency for students to spend the better part of their night partying. This makes them get little to no sleep. This makes them show up for classes drunk in sleep. The thing students do not realize is that sleep is good for mental health. It also helps prevent stressful events that could lead to depression. Students are advised to learn how to prioritize, since it makes them acquire better sleep. They should also plan for their urgent tasks, and allocate time for their social life. Dealing with depression among college students.

• Students Should Set Healthy Boundaries

Setting boundaries is the first step a student is urged to take to fight depression. It goes to mean that they should avoid stressful events, events that make them have uncontrollable pressure or those that make them easily mad.

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now

Can new technologies help students?

 

Can new technologies help students? The technology revolution of the late 20^th century and the 21^st century have definitely had its share of pros and cons. Technology is praised for so many things such as ease of doing work and at the same time it is blamed for quite a number of things such as contributing to sedentary lifestyles. However, the positive impact has been arguably mostly felt in the education sector.

Before the era of technology, students had to search through the volumes at libraries and mostly unearthed outdated information. However, today, with the click of a mouse, a student can carry out deep updated research that will add to their knowledge and specialized study. Thanks to computers and the internet today, students can access libraries and documents for free or for a small fee. This saves also saves on time.

Technology is also aiding students to communicate with their professors out of the class as well as with each other without having to meet up. As a result, students can use Skype, messaging apps, email, and discussion forums to schedule their own learning programs and activities, clarify issues and stay up-to-date with their coursework.

In addition students can use the internet to sign up for some of the numerous online courses to improve their skills or just feed their curiosity and interest. Online courses are often free or offered at a lower cost than their conventional counterparts (Goodman, Melkers & Pallais, 2019). They also cover a wide range of knowledge making it possible for students interested in ca certain topic to educate themselves.

Conclusion

Technology definitely helps students in their research and online classes. Students should however, avoid wasting time playing games and exercise self-discipline when using technology as an education resource.

Reference

Goodman, J., Melkers, J., & Pallais, A. (2019). Can online delivery increase access to education?. Journal of Labor Economics, 37(1), 1-34.

contact us for any assignment help

 

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now

How students can beat procrastination. Procrastination is one of the most dominant problems that students from all over the globe share. Although most students procrastinate doing various tasks due to laziness, most procrastinate due to poor time management skills. Practically every individual in the world is faced with the factor of procrastination; be it the teachers, parents, and the students who in particular, are the most affected.  Generally, procrastination is a habit that is a common factor among human beings.

Are you struggling with procrastination? Here are the six best ways to get rid of that;

Students should work and utilize their energy when they are more alert and efficient

Most students do feel overwhelmed due to a tight school routine and overwhelming curricular activities. However, that should not be an excuse for students not performing better in their studies. A student should have self-recognition, which will help him/her to know when the best time is to do a particular task be. They must identify if the right time is in the morning, afternoon, or the evening. Not everybody is useful all day long. Due to this, students are advised to have enough sleep, to make their bodies more productive during the day.

Students need to be inspired and motivated

In one way or the other, a student requires to have a mentor or a godfather who will monitor a student’s behavior. When inspired, students have proven to surpass and perform better in their studies. Motivation makes the student gain self-confidence and be able to achieve much more tasks when motivated. Similarly, it makes them beat the vice of procrastination.

The most effective strategy students need to adopt is to get rid of distractions

Students get distracted by both positive and negative things, which additionally yield dire results. There is a little chance that students realize when the distraction comes knocking since the most common ways of distractions are friends, games, peer pressure, televisions, inappropriate reading materials, or the internet. These are the most influential factors that distract a student. Such distractions limit your focus and the lower exam preparation, making one to perform poorly.

A student should have a time table and set the deadlines to beat

When setting a timetable, it is crucial for a student to be realistic. Some tend to over exaggerate what they can achieve in specific time frames. In your timeline, ensure you schedule when to participate in various activities. They could be school projects or personal projects. Whichever it is, ensure you have a to-do list which will act as a guideline, and lead to better performance and completion of tasks.  It is best to be realistic with what is achievable on time with the most effectiveness.

Students need to eat healthy foods and a balanced diet

A message from a dietitian directs that students should eat healthy since it helps in beating procrastination and leading to better time management.  A healthy student can concentrate on both academics and field work when given the right meals. For a healthy metabolism to take place in a student’s body, a balanced diet is vital.

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now

Best argumentative essay topic in nursing. Topic selection is seen as one of the most straightforward tasks a student can ever be handled. However, when students are given the mandate to select a topic of their argumentative essay assignment, particularly in nursing, they tend to freak out. Others may choose a topic, but want a broad one which is not narrowed down to one focus. Ultimately, this causes them to jumble up their work and acquire weak scores in their grades.

Are you a student aspiring to be a nurse but presently stuck at finding a brilliant topic for your argumentative essay in nursing? Well, our nursing writing website can help you with that. Evidently, it is not hard at all. To choose the best topic, here are the features to consider;

The Emerging Issues in Nursing

A nursing student must always be on their toes when it comes to trending issues in nursing. To achieve this, a student must always look up the latest nursing news, and can from here choose one topic that they can comfortably discuss in depth.  For example, if there are trending controversies regarding the significance of a doctor and a nurse in a health care facility, a student can come up with topics such as;

• Is the role of a nurse more significant than that of a doctor?
• Is the impact of nurses in healthcare services more felt than that of doctors?
• Should nurses be paid as much as doctors?
• The doctoral profession is more respectable than that of nursing

The Twists in a Cliché Topic

The creativity of students is seen when they can comfortably discuss a common topic, but add new elements, which make the theme more appealing. For example, the issue of nurses being overworked has been a subject of discussion in most countries in the world.

Due to this, many essays have been written on this subject. Although it is not bad writing an argumentative essay on nurses being overworked, it, however, brings about monotony, which could see you scoring low due to lack of creativity. In such a scenario, one can develop exciting topics from this area of interest such as;

• Increased number of working hours for nurses impacts their quality of work

Whichever topic a student selects to use in their argumentative essay in nursing, the goal is to comfortably support it using accurate information and evidence from reliable sources. These credible sources may be scientific journals, books, scientific articles, scientific databases, among others. Moreover, another critical element to remember when writing an argumentative essay in nursing is always to refute the counterarguments one makes in their essay.

Here are more examples of the topic that a student can choose for their argumentative essay in nursing;

• Nursing courses should be extended by one year to increase the efficiency of nurses
• The salary of nurses should be increased to attract more students to the field
• Hiring more male nurses would bring an end to gender inequality in the hospital

Needs help with similar assignment?

We are available 24x7 to deliver the best services and assignment ready within 3-4 hours? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

Get Answer Over WhatsApp Order Paper Now