Depression in later life is usually diagnosed on the basis of two clusters of symptoms: feelings and physical changes. In a 3-page paper, written in APA format using proper spelling/grammar, research the topic of depression in the elderly and address the following:

1. How would one know if an elderly relative had clinical depression or was sad because of specific life changes and losses?
2. What are the consequences of depression in the elderly?
3. Which behaviors would indicate a person going through depression needs therapy?
4. What kind of therapy would a professional recommend and why?

Be sure to include APA citations for any resources you used as references.

 Topic 2 DQ 2

Physical health assessment is a structured physical examination that allows a nurse to obtain a complete assessment of the patient’s health status. Typically, the techniques that should be applied to the physical assessment process: Are — inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation (Registered Nursing, 2021).

Before the actual physical assessment, the patient undergoes an interview to collect medical information. While this might be an easy process for adults and older children, getting information from a young child requires a lot of strategies and patience (Registered Nursing, 2021)

To get information from young children, the nurse would have to rely on their mothers to provide the data while at the same time engaging the child by talking to him/her through the interview process. The nurse must develop a good rapport with the child to gain his/her full Cooperations; listening and using appropriate communication techniques are essential in this process. A calm and reassuring manner of the nurse will help to gain a child’s confidence; use Suitable toys or other aids can be used to help the child interact with the nurse (Registered Nursing, 2021)

During the interview, the nurse can begin by asking the child trivial questions like his/her name, favorite food, cartoon character, etc., and then subtly lead to the questions that might help assess the child’s health status.

In the case of adults and older children, the interview can begin directly. When it comes to physical examination of the body, again, the approach will have to be different for a young child than an adult or older child. A child might not like someone else touches him/her. The nurse will have to win the trust, and the parent will have to be there to reassure the child. If the child is in pain, then examining that part of the body might be a bit more complicated, but again tactics and communication skills of the nurse will help (Registered Nursing, 2021).

For grown-ups, the physical examinations will be much easier because they know what is happening and why it is happening. On the other hand, a young child might be scared of the instruments used to examine them. The nurse should engage in active listening with an adult patient while paying attention to verbal and nonverbal cues. Ask open-ended questions that would allow the patient to detail the actual symptoms needed to ascertain what is happening to the patient. (Walden University, 2021) Be empathetic with an adult patient by saying you understand what he/she is going through so that you can gain his/her trust in the interview process. The nurse can also validate and reassure the patient that their problems would be addressed while in your care. Another strategy is transitions and empowerment of the patient in the interview process to help alleviate their fear of the unknown in the current health issues(Walden University, 2021).So, physical assessment of a child will differ from an adult intact, but the techniques are the same.

Respond to the above post using 200-300 words APA format with reference by supporting the discussion.

 Compare the physical assessment of a child to that of an adult. In addition to describing the similar/different aspects of the physical assessment, explain how the nurse would offer instruction during the assessment, how communication would be adapted to offer explanations, and what strategies the nurse would use to encourage engagement. 

Find below are short answer questions , no references needed. Exam preparation:

  Respiratory:

1. Review respiratory anatomy. 

2. Describe the usual order of exam and normal exam findings.

3. What sounds would you anticipate hearing during a normal exam, and where would you expect to find them?

· Vesicular

· Bronchial

· Bronchovesicular

4. What are signs of respiratory distress?

5. Describe anatomical changes seen as a result of longstanding respiratory disorders.

6. Describe tactile fremitus

7. Describe sounds heard as you percuss the chest. What sounds do you expect to find in a normal exam, and where do you anticipating hearing them?

8. Describe adventitious breath sounds. Crackles fine/coarse, wheezes, rhonchi. Identify some conditions where you would hear these findings.

9. What is the significance of testing for egophony? Whispered pectoriloquy?

  Charting Pediatric milestone:

1. Describe what subjective data means. Identify examples.

2. Describe what objective data means. Identify examples.

3. What goes where in your note? Where would you document these findings?

· LCTAB

· Pt denies headache

· FSBS done in office 128

· 10 yo female c/o ear pain x 2 days

· A1C last month 6.4

4. Consider important pediatric developmental milestones. Arrange the following milestones in order of when they occur — earliest to latest. Be familiar with anticipated timeframes of developmental milestones.

· Imitate sounds

· Walk

· Sit up

· Ride bicycle

· Ride tricycle

· Smile

· Roll over

5. Normals for basic vitals measurements across the lifespan

6. T, P, R, BP, BMI

 HEENT: 

1. Review recording of subjective and objective findings for HEENT.

2. Consider the usual order of exam for HEENT. What changes in the usual order would you anticipate based on the age of the patient or based on the presenting complaint?

3. Review usual findings of the HEENT exam. What changes are seen for younger or older patients?

4. How do you perform the Weber test? What’s the normal result? Explain what changes to the normal findings would indicate.

5. How do you perform the Rinne test? What’s the normal result? Explain what changes to the normal findings would indicate.

6. Make a chart for grading tonsils. List the grade and what that grade represents.

7. Review anatomy of sinuses and where they are located.

8. Review Snellen test results. What does 20/20 mean? 20/40? 20/10?

9. What options are available instead of the Snellen to test visual acuity for younger children?

10. Review fundoscopic exam findings. What is normal? What might the absence of a red reflex indicate? 

11. Describe the appearance of a cataract.

• Select a pressing issue you face in your practice setting that we have not previously discussed.
• Find and read a research article regarding that issue.
• Share the issue and the findings of the article with your peers. What are potential solutions to the issue?

Your initial posting should be 150 to 250 words in length and utilize at least one scholarly source other than the textbook. Please use peer reviewed articles and add reference list APA style 

pressing issue:  nursing staff shortage