1) What is your proposed topic/title and reasoning for the selected topic (Refer to assignment #1)? ( I choose it because I am a breast Cancer Survivor)

2) Critique of ONE article pertaining to your selected topic from Assignment #1:
All students are required to critique an article found in a healthcare-related journal.
The critiques should be 500 words or more (Excluding references). Your critique should contain the following elements:

• Provide a complete citation of the article (the title of the article, authors, journal, volume, year, and pages).
• What are the research questions/hypotheses?
• What are the major theories that it examines (be sure to briefly explain the
  theory)?
• What is the research methodology (sample size, independent variables,
  dependent variables and how were they measured)?
• Summarize the major results
• What does the author say is the major contribution of the study?
• What would you say are the strengths of the study with a focus on its methodology?
• What would you say are the weaknesses of the study with a focus on its methodology?
• Provide Link to Article in APA format; as a reference

P.S: IT DUE TONIGHT AT 11:59

First, return to your topic chosen in the week three assignment. TOPIC: EUTHANASIA

• Answer this question: What are the personal and/or communal ethical factors that may be involved in determining the moral position of either side in that debate?
• Next, articulate and then evaluate the ethical positions  using Kantian ethics (that is, the categorical imperative) relative to the long standing debate (that is your topic chosen in the week three assignment).
• Finally, create a complete annotated bibliography for 5 academic scholarly sources. You will annotate each source. The sources should be relevant to your topic chosen in the week three assignment.

Include the following:

• Publication details
• Annotation (a detailed reading of the source)

Each annotation section should include the following:

• Summarize key points and identify key terms (using quotation marks, and citing a page in parentheses).
• Describe the controversies or “problems” raised by the articles.
• State whether you agree or disagree and give reasons.
• Locate one or two quotations to be used in the final research project.
• Evaluate the ways in which this article is important and has helped you focus your understanding.

Use the following as a model:

APA Reference
Mezirow, J. (2003). Transformative learning as discourse. Journal of Transformative Education, 1(1), 58-63.

Annotation Example
In this article, Mezirow (2003) makes a distinction between “instrumental” and “communicative” learning. “Instrumental learning” refers to those processes which measure and gauge learning, such as tests, grades, comments, quizzes, attendance records and the like. “Communicative learning,” on the other hand, refers to understanding created over time between individuals in what Mezirow calls “critical-dialectical-discourse,” (p. 59) which is a fancy way of saying, important conversation between 2 or more speakers. Another key idea Mezirow discusses is “transformative learning,” (p. 61) which changes the mind, the heart, the values and beliefs of people so that they may act better in the world. Mezirow argues that “hungry, desperate, homeless, sick, destitute, and intimidated people obviously cannot participate fully and freely in discourse” (p. 59). On the one hand, he is right: there are some people who cannot fully engage because their crisis is so long and deep, they are prevented. But, I don’t think Mezirow should make the blanket assumption that everyone in unfortunate circumstances is incapable of entering the discourse meaningfully. One thing is certain: if we gave as much attention to the non-instrumental forms of intelligence–like goodness, compassion, forgiveness, wonder, self-motivation, creativity, humor, love, and other non-measured forms of intelligence in our school curriculums, we’d see better people, actors in the world, and interested investigators than we currently have graduating high school.

Writing Requirements (APA format)

• Length: 4 pages (not including title page or references page)
• 1-inch margins
• Double spaced
• 12-point Times New Roman font
• Title page

If you were an immigrant coming from Germany at the age of 13 not knowing English, how would you feel? Definitely, there would be a cultural shock not to mention the trauma of transitioning from one country to another at such a critical development stage. 

If the school you attended, scheduled counseling sessions with you to help you get adjusted, what cultural competency skills would you want the counselor to be familiar with and what would you want them to know about you?

What is the difference between degenerative bone disease and osteoporosis? Explain the pathology of each.
Osteoporosis is porous bone (Huether & McCance 2018, p. 1437).  It is the most common bone disease characterized by low bond mineral density, impaired bond structural integrity, decreased bone strength, and risk of fracture (Huether & McCance 2018, p. 1437).  There is primary/idiopathic osteoporosis which is the most common.  Secondary osteoporosis is caused by other conditions such as endocrine diseases, medications, and other substances such as tobacco (Huether & McCance 2018, p. 1437).  Osteoporosis manifestations depend on the bones involved, but bone deformity is the most common (Huether & McCance 2018, p. 1437).  Pain usually accompanies a fragility fracture.  As bone lose volume, they become weak and brittle, causing collapse or become misshapen (Huether & McCance 2018, p. 1437).  The development of osteoporosis occurs when the remodeling cycle is disrupted.  The remodeling cycle is the process of bone formation and resorption (Huether & McCance 2018, p. 1437).  The disruption leads to an imbalance in the coupling process (Huether & McCance 2018, p. 1437).  Degenerative bone disease, such as osteoarthritis is more of a result from wear and tear on the bones destroying the structure.  OA is the loss and damage of articular cartilage and has been viewed as a mechanical problem (Huether & McCance 2018, p. 1445).

2.    What treatment options should be discussed with the patient?  Prevention of osteoporosis is important, but treatment is more common, and its focus is preventing fractures and maintaining optimal bone function (Huether & McCance 2018, p. 1437).  Calcium’s role to prevent and treat osteoporosis is controversial.  Yet, it is accepted that oral calcium intake to maintain normal balance of calcium is necessary during adolescence to ensure peak bone mass development (Huether & McCance 2018, p. 1437).  Diets deficient in calcium aggravates bone loss which is associated with aging and menopause.   Postmenopausal women should not increase calcium and vit d intake to prevent fractures (Huether & McCance 2018, p. 1437).  Higher fruit and vegetable take is correlated to a high BMD.  Other nutrients that appear to help include magnesium, vit k2, and docosahexaenoic acid (Huether & McCance 2018, p. 1437). 

3.    What lifestyle changes should be recommended to the patient?  The patient would be educated on stopping smoking and drinking.  Education would also include a diet stating that risk factors include low dietary calcium and vit d, low endogenous magnesium, excessive protein and sodium and high caffeine intake (Huether & McCance 2018, p. 1437).  Exercise would be encouraged, as a sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor.  
The risk of osteoporosis can be reduced through lifestyle changes (Rizzoli et al, 2014).  Adequate dietary intake of calcium, protein, and vit D is a lifestyle change needed along with exercise, smoking cessation, and alcohol reduction (Rizzoli et al, 2014).