1) Minimum 2 full pages (No word count per page)- Follow the 3 x 3 rule: minimum three paragraphs per page

           Part 1: minimum 1 page

           Part 2: minimum 1 page

   Submit 1 document per part

2)¨******APA norms

         All paragraphs must be narrative and cited in the text- each paragraph

         Bulleted responses are not accepted

         Don’t write in the first person 

         Don’t copy and paste the questions.

         Answer the question objectively, do not make introductions to your answers, answer it when you start the paragraph

Submit 1 document per part

3)****************************** It will be verified by Turnitin (Identify the percentage of exact match of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks) 

********************************It will be verified by SafeAssign (Identify the percentage of similarity of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks)

4) Minimum 3 references per part not older than 5 years  (Journals, books) (No websites) 

All references must be consistent with the topic-purpose-focus of the parts. Different references are not allowed.

5) Identify your answer with the numbers, according to the question. Start your answer on the same line, not the next

Example:

Q 1. Nursing is XXXXX

Q 2. Health is XXXX

6) You must name the files according to the part you are answering: 

Example:

Part 1.doc 

Part 2.doc

__________________________________________________________________________________

Part 1: Nursing Research

 Based on your course reading assignments and your pending research problem (Check file 4)

1. What type of study do you believe you are conducting (Quantitative type, descriptive cross-sectional design)

2. Explain your type of study

3. Why this type of study is the most convenient for your research.

Part 2: Health Care Policy ( 1 paragraph per question)

Go to the following website by clicking on the provided link, 

http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/ 

Select a county and a state  (Florida- Orlando) in which you plan to work as an APRN. 

After reviewing the website and the health outcomes in the County Health Rankings for the area, answer the following questions:

1. Briefly list the general statistics pertaining to a specific health concern that is on the rise in selected the city/county (Florida- Orlando)

2. How can the creation of a community health center program help to address this public health problem?

3. What can you as a nurse practitioner and/or nurse leader do to influence policy innovation to resolve the problem?

Directions

• Discussions are designed to promote dialogue between faculty and  students, and students and their peers. In discussions students: 
  • Demonstrate understanding of concepts for the week
  • Integrate outside scholarly sources when required
  • Engage in meaningful dialogue with classmates and/or instructor
  • Express opinions clearly and logically, in a professional manner
• Use the rubric on this page as you compose your answers.
• Best Practices include: 
  • Participation early in the week is encouraged to stimulate meaningful discussion among classmates and instructor.
  • Enter the discussion often during the week to read and learn from posts.
  • Select different classmates for your reply each week.

Discussion   

The evidence to guide nursing practice has changed greatly during the 20th century. Select one area where evidence in nursing care changed during the 20th century and tell us about it.

 2 DQ 3

Topic: Decreasing medication errors. Medication errors refer to any mistake occurring during the mediation process such as prescribing, transcription, dispensing, administration or monitoring regardless of whether or not the injury occurred or whether the potential for injury was present. Quality Improvement Initiative involves systematic activities that are organized and implemented by an organization to monitor, assess, and improve its quality of health care.

• Purpose of quality improvement initiative: To eliminate medication error, reduce waste, increase efficiency, strengthen internal (nurses) and external (patient) satisfaction.
• Target population: Since most medication error occurs during administration, nurses are the target populations.
• The benefit of the quality improvement initiatives in decreasing medication error: To enhance patient safety. Reduce cost associated with a medication error. Prevent adverse effects, morbidity, and mortality associated with a medication error. Prevent legal action, disciplinary action like dismissal from Job that might befall a nurse who commits medication error.
• The Interprofessional collaboration that would be required to implement quality improvement initiatives to decrease medication error: Interprofessional collaboration is defined as when multiple healthcare workers from different professional backgrounds work together with patients, families, carers (Caregiver), and communities to deliver the highest quality of care. It is based on the concept that when providers consider each other’s perspectives including that of the patient they can deliver better care. All individuals in the healthcare team must play a role in implementing the quality improvement initiative to decrease medication error like the physicians, pharmacists, and nurses. There should be adequate communication and collaboration between the nurse, the physician, and the pharmacist. When the prescription is not clear or there is look-alike medications are placed together the nurse should communicate with the physician and the pharmacist for clarification thus preventing medication error. If the professional teams do not communicate and collaborate their performance suffers. In the healthcare field, poor communication is often cited as a root cause of medication error (Vega, 2016). The healthcare professionals should work together to achieve a common goal which is to reduce medication error and maintain patient safety.
• Cost or Justification: Medication errors cause at least one death every day and injure approximately 1.3 million people annually in the United States of America alone. Globally, the cost associated with medication errors has been estimated at US$ 42 billion annually, or almost 1% of total global health expenditure. But all medication errors are potentially avoidable. Preventing errors and the harm that results requires putting systems and procedures in place to ensure the right patient receives the right medication at the right dose via the right route at the right time (WHO, 2017). Quality Improvement initiatives can reduce the cost associated with medication errors and save lives.
• The basis upon which the quality improvement initiative will be evaluated: Test the acceptance or adherence to new or revised practices. Examine how and how much the new practices are affecting the delivery of patient-centered care. Assess how much patient experience of care is improved (AHRG, 2020). 
•  Select a topic for your Topic 3 Executive Summary assignment. Post your idea and basic thoughts about the topic using the assignment details from Topic 3. You should provide thoughts to your peers about their topics and ideas that may assist them in completing their projects. 
• Using 200-300 words APA format with at least two references. Sources must be published within the last 5 years 

Reply 1

     The theory previously chosen to relate to my clinical practice is Watsons’s Theory of Human Caring. Two concepts from this theory are the caritas process and the caring occasion. Watson (n.d.) lists 10 processes of caring, or caritas, that serve as a guide to follow to build relationships that show caring. The processes are thorough and include actions such as sustaining humanistic-altruistic values, being authentically present, and allowing for expression of positive and negative feelings, to name a few. Watson (n.d.) also defines the caring occasion as a concept in her theory that is a human-to-human connection. The caring occasion requires involvement from both parties to go beyond ego to a special moment of connecting. 

     Other literature defines these concepts in a broad manner. For example, Gönen Şentürk & Küçükgüçlü (2021) used Watson’s theory to design an intervention to improve coping skills and healing for caregivers of people with dementia. A shortened version of the caritas process is listed and used to model the support group meeting intervention. Overall, the theory is discussed positively and focuses on human interaction.

     These concepts apply to my clinical practice daily. For example, a patient comes in who has been unable to care for self at home, arriving with dried feces and urine covering their body. The caritas process guides the nurse to create a healing environment, assist with basic needs as a sacred act, and authentically listen to the person’s story. From these acts the patient is released from the embarrassment or shame they were feeling and able to move forward with dignity. Another example would be a patient who comes in with weakness and severe back pain without injury or chronic back problems. CT reveals what appear to be metastatic lesions to the spinal cord, bones, and lungs. The patient, likely in emotional shock, often needs the support of someone able to be fully present in a caring occasion. These are just a few situations the concepts can be applied to my practice. 

Gönen Şentürk, S. & Küçükgüçlü, Ö. (2021). Bridging healing and therapy: A mixed-methods study on support group intervention based on Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. Holistic Nursing Practice, 35 (2), 81-91. doi: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000435.

Watson, J. (n.d.). Caring science & human caring theory. Watson Caring Science Institute. Retrieved September 27, 2021, from https://www.watsoncaringscience.org/jean-bio/caring-science-theory/

Reply 2

Melynk and Fineout-Overholt (2015) note that there are seven steps to the evidence-based practice (EBP) process. It’s important for NPs to explore gaps in clinical practice, and to collaborate with the nurse leader and educator to help close the gap, and improve the quality of patient care.

When considering implementation of an EBP, the clinical team should explore a list of questions to provides structure to the literature search,  This helps keep details from the literature search organized, and helps to strategize as the evidence is reviewed. 

Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2015). Evidence-based practice in nursing and healthcare: A guide to best practice (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN-13: 9781451190946

Dr. Sellars