B.  Write a paper (suggested length of 2−3 pages) by doing the following:

1.  Describe the process of fertilization.

2.  Compare and contrast oogenesis and spermatogenesis.

3.  Describe how estrogen and testosterone affect the body.
 

C.  When you use sources, include all in-text citations and references in APA format.

Write a paper in which you address the following:

1.  Discuss your dissection of the sheep heart and the cardiovascular system of the fetal pig by doing the following:

a.  Describe the similarities and differences between the fetal pig heart and the sheep heart.

b.  Describe the four valves of the heart, including their name, location, and function.

c.  Discuss the similarities and differences between the left and right sides of the heart.

d.  Compare the structure of the atrioventricular valves to the structure of the semilunar valves.

e.  Describe the appearance of the papillary muscles.

f.  Describe the path that blood takes starting in the right atrium and ending in the superior/inferior vena cava.

2.  Discuss your dissection of the respiratory system of the fetal pig by doing the following:

a.  Compare the structure of the trachea to the structure of the esophagus.

b.  Describe how the structures of the respiratory system (i.e., trachea, bronchi, and lungs) relate to their functions.

c.  Describe the texture of the lungs.

d.  Describe the similarities and differences between the left lung and the right lung.

3.  Discuss your dissection of the sheep kidneys and the urinary system of the fetal pig by doing the following:

a.  Compare the structure of the fetal pig kidneys to the structure of the sheep kidneys.

b.  Describe the location of the kidneys in the fetal pig.

c.  Describe the path that urine takes to exit the body, starting in the kidney.

4.  Discuss your dissection of the components of the endocrine system of the fetal pig by doing the following:

a.  Describe the endocrine organs that are located in the throat region (e.g., function and appearance).

b.  Describe three endocrine organs that are located in the abdominal or pelvic cavities.

5.  Discuss your dissection of the digestive system of the fetal pig by doing the following:

a.  Describe the major digestive organs, including their name, location, relative size, and physical characteristics (e.g., color, shape, texture).

b.  Describe the accessory digestive organs, including their name, location, relative size, and physical characteristics (e.g., color, shape, texture).
 

B.  When you use sources, include all in-text citations and references in APA format.

An epidemiologic profile is a summary of a significant public health issue, or issues, in your community, county, state, or country. An epidemiological profile helps to coordinate activities and policies from various agencies and organizations to improve health.

Review the available data, reports, and documents for your locale. Assess how the methods of epidemiology (study designs, data collection, measures of association, etc.) are used to determine who needs what services, where the services are needed, and how those services should be delivered. Define your community as your city, metropolitan area, or county and write a 2,000-2,250 word epidemiological profile (word limit excludes references and title page).The profile can be a general profile that provides a landscape picture of several significant chronic and infectious diseases in your defined community, or it can be a specific profile that targets one health issue, such as diabetes, asthma, STDs, flu, heart disease, obesity, alcohol abuse, or other drug use. Include the following:

Executive Summary

1. Describe the purpose of the epidemiologic profile and the health issue(s) it addresses. Discuss its importance to the community and how it will be utilized.
2. Summarize the key findings from your review of available data, reports, and documents for the community.

Introduction

1. Describe the defined community and population using demographic and socio-economic information and data.
2. Briefly describe the history and cultural background of the community.
3. Explain any unique contextual information that pertains to the public health of the defined community.
4. Describe any key public health projects, grants, or existing epidemiology-related working groups or committees in the community/county.

Description of Available Data

Identify at least two different data sources relevant to your profile. Discuss data from these sources and their relation to the issue or community.

Discuss the methods used in the data collection process (data source and organization providing the data; how often the data are collected; data limitations including response rates, missing data, selection of participants, etc.). Potential data sources and databases might include the following depending on what is available for your community or county:

1. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data
2. Youth risk behavioral survey
3. Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) program data
4. CDC Wonder (multiple data sources)
5. County health rankings data (multiple data sources)
6. Alcohol-related disease impact data
7. Demographic health survey data (international)
8. Global school-based student health survey (international)
9. Local evaluation reports from the department/ministry of health or other nonprofit organizations

Interpretation of Results Regarding Key Health Issue

1. Size and magnitude of the measures
2. Trends and comparisons
3. Economic costs

Discussion of Problems and Strategies

1. Discuss disparities, limitations, and gaps in the information available regarding the health issue(s).
2. Describe potential public health strategies to address these gaps.
3. Use graphs and tables where appropriate.

Conclusion

You are required to cite to at least five sources to complete this assignment. Sources should be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and public health content.

General Requirements

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance. 

Benchmark Information

This benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competency:

MPH

2.1 Apply epidemiological methods to the breadth of settings and situations in public health practice.

MSN Public Health Nursing

6.2 Apply epidemiological methods to the breadth of settings and situations in public health practice.

Race is often used as a descriptor of disease burden and helps us to determine where health disparities exist in order to address them, which is important. It is helpful to differentiate between race as a descriptor and race as a risk factor. Think about institutional racism and its influence on health. Consider the factors related to race and ethnicity that might be influencing disease status more than the genetics of race when answering this discussion question.

Consider the following statement: “Race is not a risk factor and should not be used in public health data collection.” Discuss the ethical and public health implications of this statement. When might collecting data on race perpetuate institutional racism leading to health disparities and when is it necessary to improve public health? Provide support and examples for your answer. Consider ethical issues related to respect for persons, beneficence, and justice as described in “The Belmont Report.”

Read “Epidemiology, Policy, and Racial/Ethnic Minority Health Disparities,” by Carter-Pokras et al., from Annals of Epidemiology (2012).

URL:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3724931/

Discussion:

Screening is the administration of measures or tests to distinguish individuals who may have a condition from those who probably do not have it.  Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of screening.  

Instructions: 

Post your discussion to the Moodle Discussion Forum.  Word limit 500 words.  Support your answers with the literature and provide citations and references in APA format.  Reply to at least two other student posts with a reflection of their response.